=J D H C ImageMagick - Image Processing and Display Package; C
D Animate

 

>Contents






>Synopsis




Banimate [ options ...] file [ [options...] file ...]

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>Description




GAnimate displays a sequence of images on any workstation displayNrunning an X server. animate first determines the hardware capabilitiesFof the workstation. If the number of unique colors in an image is lessOthan or equal to the number the workstation can support, the image is displayedLin an X window. Otherwise the number of colors in the image is first reducedMto match the color resolution of the workstation before it is displayed.




HThis means that a continuous-tone 24 bits-per-pixel image can display onGa 8 bit pseudo-color device or monochrome device. In most instances theOreduced color image closely resembles the original. Alternatively, a monochromeBor pseudo-color image sequence can display on a continuous-tone 24bits-per-pixel device.




GTo help prevent color flashing on X server visuals that have colormaps,Fanimate creates a single colormap from the image sequence. ThisIcan be rather time consuming. You can speed this operation up by reducingHthe colors in the image before you `animate' them. Use mogrify toGcolor reduce the images to a single colormap. See mogrify(1) forMdetails. Alternatively, you can use a Standard Colormap; or a static, direct,Nor true color visual. You can define a Standard Colormap with xstdcmap.NSee xstdcmap(1) for details. This method is recommended for colormappedJX server because it eliminates the need to compute a global colormap.

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>Examples




3To animate a set of images of a cockatoo, use:





animate cockatoo.*





FTo animate a cockatoo image sequence while using the Standard Colormapbest, use:





xstdcmap -best

*animate -map best cockatoo.*





JTo animate an image of a cockatoo without a border centered on a backdrop, use:





7animate +borderwidth -backdrop cockatoo.*


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>Options




FOptions are processed in command line order. Any option you specify onOthe command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by specifying.the option again with a different effect.




LAnimate options can appear on the command line or in your X resourcesMfile. See X(1). Options on the command line supersede values specifiedin your X resources file.
 

>-backdrop

.display the image centered on a backdrop.




KThis backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hidingJother X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdropNis specified as the background color. Refer to X Resourcesfor details.






>-cache.threshold
<
megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache.


B

Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of memoryDhave been consumed. Subsequent pixel operations are cached on disk.KOperations to memory are significantly faster but if your computer does notMhave a sufficient amount of free memory you may want to adjust this threshold value.






>-colormap)type

;the type of colormap: Shared or Private.




OThis option only applies when the default X server visual is PseudoColorJor GRAYScale. Refer to -visual for more details. By default,Ma shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients.FSome image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may lookHvery different than intended. Choose Private and the image colorsTappear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go technicolor*when the image colormap is installed.






>-colors*value

-preferred number of colors in the image.




GThe actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,Hbut never more. Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with lessHunique colors than specified with this option will have any duplicate orHunused colors removed. Refer to quantize formore details.
J

Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth%affect the color reduction algorithm.






>-colorspace*value

=the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB,Transparent,3XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, or CMYK.




JColor reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space. EmpiricalNevidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspondLto perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space.HThese color spaces may give better results when color reducing an image.DRefer to quantize for more details.


K

The Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves,the matte channel of the image if it exists.G

The -colors or -monochrome option is required for thisoption to take effect.






>-cropo<width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>

Mpreferred size and location of the cropped image. See X(1) for details&about the geometry specification.




MTo specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. For exampleHto crop the image by ten percent on all sides of the image, use -crop 10%.




KUse cropping to apply image processing options to, or display, a particulararea of an image.




FOmit the x and y offset to generate one or more subimages of a uniform size.




HUse cropping to crop a particular area of an image. Use -crop 0x0Kto trim edges that are the background color. Add an x and y offset to leave3a portion of the trimmed edges with the image.




,The equivalent X resource for this option iscropGeometry (classKCropGeometry). See X Resources for details.






>-delayQ<1/100ths of a second>x<seconds>

*display the next image after pausing.


C

This option is useful for regulating the display of the sequenceHof images. 1/100ths of a second must expire before the display ofHthe next image. The default is 6/100th of a second between each frame ofIthe image sequence. The second value is optional. It specifies the numberDof seconds to pause before repeating your animation sequence.






>-densityA<width>x<height>

?vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image.




HThis option specifies an image density when decoding a PostScriptNor Portable Document page. The default is 72 pixels per inch in the horizontaland vertical direction.






>-display:host:display[.screen]

8specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).






>-dither

8apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.




LThe basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for spatialFresolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring pixels.FImages which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can beimproved with this option.




KThe -colors or -monochrome option is required for this optionto take effect.




NUse +dither to render Postscript without text or graphic aliasing.






>-gamma*value

level of gamma correction.




OThe same color image displayed on two different workstations may look differentIdue to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjustFfor this color difference. Reasonable values extend from 0.8 to2.3.




HYou can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channelsjof the image with a gamma value list delineated with slashes (i.e. 1.7,2.3,1.2).




IUse +gamma to set the image gamma level without actually adjustingHthe image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma9but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).






>-geometry}<width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-}<yoffset>{!}{<}{>}




4preferred size and location of the Image window. SeeX(1) for detailsJabout the geometry specification. By default, the window size is the image>size and the location is chosen by you when it is mapped.




GBy default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the imageMis expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while maintainingMthe aspect ratio of the image. Append an exclamation point to the geometryIto force the image size to exactly the size you specify. For example,Gif you specify 640x480! the image width is set to 640 pixels andIheight to 480. If only one factor is specified, both the width and heightassume the value.




GTo specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. TheFimage size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to obtainIthe final image dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a valueKgreater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a percentageless than 100.
G

Use > to change the dimensions of the image only ifJits size exceeds the geometry specification. < resizes the imageFonly if its dimensions is less than the geometry specification.MFor example, if you specify 640x480> and the image size is 512x512,Fthe image size does not change. However, if the image is 1024x1024, itis resized to 640x480.

NWhen displaying an image on an X server, <x offset> and <y offset>$is relative to the root window.




UThe equivalent X resource for this option is geometry (class Geometry).5See X Resources for details.






>-interlace)type

Gthe type of interlacing scheme: None, Line, Plane,5or Partition. The default is None.




KThis option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw imageLformats such as RGB or YUV. None means do not interlacef(RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...),Fand Plane uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).GPartition is like plane except the different planes are saved to;individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).




FUse Line, or Plane to create an interlaced GIF or#progressive JPEG image.






>-map)type

<display image using this Standard Colormap type.




6Choose from these Standard Colormap types:
(
      best&      default#      gray"      red$      green)      blue




IThe X server must support the Standard Colormap you choose,Iotherwise an error occurs. Use list as the type and displayGsearches the list of colormap types in top-to-bottom order untilGone is located. See xstdcmap(1) for one way of creating StandardColormaps.






>-monochrome

,transform the image to black and white.






>-remote+string

3execute a command in a remote display process.




HThe only command recognized at this time is the name of an image file to load.






>-rotate8degrees{<}{>}

-apply Paeth image rotation to the image.




CUse > to rotate the image only if its width exceeds theHheight. < rotates the image only if its width is lessKthan the height. For example, if you specify -90> and the imageJsize is 480x640, the image is not rotated by the specified angle. However,;if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees.




KEmpty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with the color$defined as bordercolor (class$borderColor). See X(1)for details.






>-scene*value

image scene number.




HUse this option to specify an image sequence with a single filename. See5the discussion of file below for details.






>-sizeC<width>x<height>{+offset}

#width and height of the image.




NUse this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY,'RGB, or CMYK. In additionto width and height, use.-size to skip any header information inHthe image or tell the number of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g.-size 640x512+256).






>-title+string

+assign a title to the displayed image.




IUse this option to assign a specific title to the image. This is assignedGto the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar.FOptionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, orBother image attribute by embedding special format characters:


    %b   file size    %d   directory    %e   filename extention    %f   filename    %h   height    %i   input filename    %l   label    %m   magick    %n   number of scenes    %o   output filename    %p   page number    %q   quantum depth    %s   scene number    %t   top of filename"    %u   unique temporary filename    %w   width    %x   x resolution    %y   y resolution    \\n   newline    \\r   carriage return
For example,>
      -title "%m:%f %wx%h"




Gproduces an image title of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an imageHtitled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.






>-treedepth*value

HNormally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one tells displayGto choose an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.




GAn optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the sourceJimage with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory.FHowever, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assureGthe best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter.DRefer to quantize for more details.




KThe -colors or -monochrome option is required for this optionto take effect.






>-verbose

0print detailed information about the image.




HThis information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size;Lthe image class (DirectClass or PseudoClass); the total numberLof unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image.PRefer to miff for a description of the image class.




IIf -colors is also specified, the total unique colors in the image[and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to quantize'for a description of these values.






>-visual)type

*display image using this visual type.




&Choose from these visual classes:


.

      StaticGray(      GrayScale*      StaticColor*      PseudoColor(      TrueColor*      DirectColor&      default5      visual id




JThe X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an errorGoccurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can displayRthe most simultaneous colors on the default X server screen is chosen.






>-window'id

;set the background pixmap of this window to the image.




Gid can be a window id or name. Specify root to select X's&root window as the target window.




GBy default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window.NIf -backdrop or -geometry are specified, the image is surroundedSby the background color. Refer to X Resources for details.




JThe image will not display on the root window if the image has more uniqueKcolors than the target window colormap allows. Use -colors to reducethe number of colors.





MIn addition to those listed above, you can specify these standard X resources,as command line options: -background,)-bordercolor, -borderwidth,!-font, -foreground,%-iconGeometry, -iconic,7-mattecolor, -name, or -title. SeeX Resourcesfor details.




HAny option you specify on the command line remains in effect until it isJexplicitly changed by specifying the option again with a different effect.KFor example, to animate two images, the first with 32 colors and the secondwith only 16 colors, use:


E

  animate -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -colors 16 cockatoo.2




JBy default, the image format is determined by its magic number. To specifyIa particular image format, precede the filename with an image format nameLand a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffixN(i.e. image.ps). See convert(1) for a list of valid image formats.




FWhen you specify X as your image type, the filename has special1meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, orroot. If no filenameIis specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.




MSpecify file as - for standard input, If file has the extension6.Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed withuncompressIor gunzip respectively. Precede the image file name with | to pipefrom a system command.




GUse an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specifyIa desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g.Nimg0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[50-75]). A subimageGspecification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[2,7,4]). For raw images,Vspecify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 image.rgb[320x256+50+50]).




HSingle images are read with the filename you specify. Alternatively, youFcan animate an image sequence with a single filename. Define the rangeIof the image sequence with -scene. Each image in the range is readGwith the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number.NYou can change this behavior by embedding a printf format specification#in the file name. For example,


+

  -scene 0-9 image%02d.miff
@animates files image00.miff, image01.miff, through image09.miff.


HImage filenames may appear in any order on the command line if the image6format is MIFF (refer to miff(5) and thescene keywordIis specified in the image. Otherwise the images will display in the order%they appear on the command line.


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>Mouse%Buttons




IPress any button to map or unmap the Command widget. See the next section3for more information about the Command widget.

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>Command$Widget




JThe Command widget lists a number of sub-menus and commands. They are








IMenu items with a indented triangle have a sub-menu. They are representedHabove as the indented items. To access a sub-menu item, move the pointerFto the appropriate menu and press a button and drag. When you find theFdesired sub-menu item, release the button and the command is executed.FMove the pointer away from the sub-menu if you decide not to execute aparticular command.

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>Keyboard*Accelerators
g
   Ctl+O     Press to load an image from a file.\   space    Press to display the next image in the sequence.f   <    Press to speed-up the display of the images.  Refer toN        -delay for more information.b   >    Press to slow the display of the images.  Refer toN        -delay for more information.a   ?    Press to display information about the image.  PressV        any key or button to erase the information.e        This information is printed: image name;  image size;^        and the total number of unique colors in the image.f   F1    Press to display helpful information about animate(1)._   Ctl-q    Press to discard all images and exit program.

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>X'Resources




KAnimate options can appear on the command line or in your X resourceFfile. Options on the command line supersede values specified in your XHresource file. See X(1) for more information on X resources.




HAll animate options have a corresponding X resource. In addition,?the animate program uses the following X resources:




=
background (class Background)
ISpecifies the preferred color to use for the Image window background. Thedefault is #ccc.



?

borderColor (class BorderColor)
MSpecifies the preferred color to use for the Image window border. The default is #ccc.



?

borderWidth (class BorderWidth)
HSpecifies the width in pixels of the Image window border. The default is2.



K

font (class Font or FontList)
ISpecifies the name of the preferred font to use in normal formatted text..The default is 14 point Helvetica.



=

foreground (class Foreground)
FSpecifies the preferred color to use for text within the Image window.The default is black.



9

geometry (class geometry)
HSpecifies the preferred size and position of the image window. It is not/necessarily obeyed by all window managers.



A

iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
LSpecifies the preferred size and position of the application when iconified.9It is not necessarily obeyed by all window managers.



5

iconic (class Iconic)
LThis resource indicates that you would prefer that the application's windowsGinitially not be visible as if the windows had be immediately iconifiedOby you. Window managers may choose not to honor the application's request.



=

matteColor (class MatteColor)
HSpecify the color of windows. It is used for the backgrounds of windows,Imenus, and notices. A 3D effect is achieved by using highlight and shadow9colors derived from this color. Default value: #ddd.



1

name (class Name)
JThis resource specifies the name under which resources for the applicationHshould be found. This resource is useful in shell aliases to distinguishJbetween invocations of an application, without resorting to creating linksLto alter the executable file name. The default is the application name.



A

sharedMemory (class SharedMemory)
HThis resource specifies whether animate should attempt use shared memoryIfor pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, andHthe display must support the MIT-SHM extension. Otherwise, this resource%is ignored. The default is True.



:

text_font (class textFont)
KSpecifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style)<formatted text. The default is 14 point Courier.



3

title (class Title)
GThis resource specifies the title to be used for the Image window. ThisFinformation is sometimes used by a window manager to provide some sortJof header identifying the window. The default is the image file name.



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>Environment
 

>DISPLAY

9To get the default host, display number, and screen.


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>Acknowledgements




SThe MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics a reality.




JMichael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial=implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.




=David Pensak, ImageMagick Studio, for providing=a computing environment that made this program possible.
C

Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute.TThe spacial subdivision color reduction algorithm is based on his Img software.

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>Authors




cJohn Cristy, magick@wizards.dupont.com=E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Incorporated.

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>Copyright 




1Copyright (C) 2000 ImageMagick Studio




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JThe above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included>in all copies or substantial portions of ImageMagick.




JThe software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, expressKor implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability,Ffitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement.In no event shall6ImageMagick Studio be liable for any claim, damages orMother liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arisingKfrom, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or other dealingsin ImageMagick.




GExcept as contained in this notice, the name of the E. I. du Pont deLNemours and Company shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promoteRthe sale, use or other dealings in ImageMagick without prior written authorization%from the ImageMagick Studio.

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