1 INFO-VAX	Sat, 17 May 2003	Volume 2003 : Issue 272       Contents: <None>
 Re: <None>* Re: Backspace on DECterm vs TPU (Xwindows)- Re: C++ V6.5 linker performance optimization? - Re: C++ V6.5 linker performance optimization? ' Re: creating licenses for my own demos? ' Re: creating licenses for my own demos? ' Re: creating licenses for my own demos? ' Re: creating licenses for my own demos?  Re: DECdts availability P Re: Does Kermit have a data size limit? [was RE: getting data off an OpenVMS AlpP Re: Does Kermit have a data size limit? [was RE: getting data off an OpenVMS Alp Re: Error message help needed  Re: Error message help needed  RE: Error message help needed  Re: Error message help needed  RE: Error message help needed   F ----------------------------------------------------------------------   Date: 17 May 03 17:10:48 +0200) From: p_sture@elias.decus.ch (Paul Sture)  Subject: <None> ) Message-ID: <gQB5sqlFzkKo@elias.decus.ch>   G So, VMS mail doesn't seem to work to the outside world since yesterday. E Never any problems before, but now it gives me this kind of response:    MAIL> send/edit ) To:     somevalidaddress@validaddress.com  CC:      Subj:   Something " %MAIL-E-SENDABORT, no message sent) %TCPIP-E-SMTP_ABORT, SMTP session aborted    Doing:   TCPIP STOP MAIL  TCPIP START MAIL    3 appears to solve the problem, but only temporarily.     Nope, even that no longer works.  . Has anyone seen this, or has any ideas please? --  
 Paul Sture   ------------------------------  # Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 17:11:23 GMT 4 From: brad@.gateway.2wire.net (Bradford J. Hamilton) Subject: Re: <None> / Message-ID: <%2uxa.915979$S_4.927055@rwcrnsc53>   U In article <gQB5sqlFzkKo@elias.decus.ch>, p_sture@elias.decus.ch (Paul Sture) writes: H >So, VMS mail doesn't seem to work to the outside world since yesterday.F >Never any problems before, but now it gives me this kind of response: >  >MAIL> send/edit* >To:     somevalidaddress@validaddress.com	 >CC:       >Subj:   Something# >%MAIL-E-SENDABORT, no message sent * >%TCPIP-E-SMTP_ABORT, SMTP session aborted >  >Doing:  >  >TCPIP STOP MAIL >TCPIP START MAIL  > 4 >appears to solve the problem, but only temporarily. > ! >Nope, even that no longer works.  > / >Has anyone seen this, or has any ideas please?   O I've never seen it, but I have an idea.  Any chance you are running out of disk 0 space on the disk where SMTP or the queues live?   >--  >Paul Sture   A _________________________________________________________________ 0 Bradford J. Hamilton			"All opinions are my own"/ bMradAhamiPltSon@atMtAbi.cPoSm		"Lose the MAPS"    ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 07:17:35 -0400 2 From: rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger)3 Subject: Re: Backspace on DECterm vs TPU (Xwindows) L Message-ID: <rdeininger-1705030717360001@user-uinj476.dialup.mindspring.com>  2 In article <3EC5A577.E2BD8F69@istop.com>, JF Mezei" <jfmezei.spamnot@istop.com> wrote:  N >On a Xserver (the MI-X on mac), I can run the DECTerm fine with the backspace! >key acting as the VMS backspace.  > J >However, if I start a TPU window on the same Xserver, the use of the same0 >backspace key generates the <CTRL-H> behaviour. >  >Any idea why ?   G I think it has something to do with the X-windows reboard resources for J the application.  I think I saw some resources in a file somewhere for the@ DECW version of TPU.  I haven't looked into this stuff in years.   ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 09:51:36 -0300 + From: Rodman S. Regier <rsr@hfx.andara.com> 6 Subject: Re: C++ V6.5 linker performance optimization?8 Message-ID: <up8ccv0ub4rr4ip7t5snif7u16ef0tmpt0@4ax.com>  A On Fri, 16 May 2003 23:57:42 +0200, Arne Vajhj <arne@vajhoej.dk>  wrote:   	[snip]   C >> We are looking for ways to optimize the C++ linker to reduce the 7 >> amount of time our compile and link sequences take.     	[snip]   # >Have you checked the very basics ?  > ; >Defragmentation of disks (I have seen a link go from 30 to B >5 minutes as a result of that - OK it is 15 years since but ...).   Defragged with DFG util nightly   : >Memory quotas high enough to avoid too much page faulting9 >(the linker can require a lot of memory during linking).   @ Tried WSE 32768 and 100000 on 1.1G sys showing less than 50% mem usage,, no signif improvement    ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 09:51:37 -0300 + From: Rodman S. Regier <rsr@hfx.andara.com> 6 Subject: Re: C++ V6.5 linker performance optimization?8 Message-ID: <uv8ccvsb87finh83ibtctdh3fo1gc7u9cp@4ax.com>  B On Thu, 15 May 2003 14:00:07 -0000, seibel_r@rich.ociweb.com (Rich Seibel) wrote:  H >I have experienced similar performance.  I have a fairly large library I >and an even larger repository.  I found that the majority of the problem F >was with the repo.  If I sucked the repo into the library then it cut >link times in half or better.  ' Excellent suggestion, based on testing.   0 Combining the module repository into the library7 cut elapsed no-load time for test compile/link sequence 5 from 210.58 to 110.91 seconds  That's almost half!!!!   - Here are idle system stats from test sequence % "plain" and with inserted repository:   E Buffered I/O count:       4591      Peak working set size:      48640 E Direct I/O count:         3605      Peak virtual size:         232496 D Page faults:      16714            Mounted volumes:                0< Charged CPU time: 0 00:00:06.44  Elapsed time: 0 00:03:30.58    F Buffered I/O count:       3316      Peak working set size:      47808 E Direct I/O count:         2594      Peak virtual size:         232496 F Page faults:      17388              Mounted volumes:                0= Charged CPU time: 0 00:00:06.67   Elapsed time: 0 00:01:50.91   F One of the strange unexplained artifacts is that not all I/O's seem to? be created equal.  I.e. the I/O's performed by the CXX$LINK.EXE 8 program seem to be much more costly to elapsed time than7 those by the other phases of the compile/link sequence.   4 When I perform a sho proc/cont against my batch job,@ most of the elapsed time for CXX$LINK.EXE is spent in HIB state,; and the I/O count can jump by a 100 between refresh cycles. F This is not typical of most other executables when monitoring with SHO
 PROC/CONT.  B My theory is that the I/O's performed by CXX$LINK.EXE are enormousC block transfers spanning multiple disk clusters, and so take a long 4 time to complete before returning to the executable.   ------------------------------   Date: 17 May 03 09:30:06 +0200) From: p_sture@elias.decus.ch (Paul Sture) 0 Subject: Re: creating licenses for my own demos?) Message-ID: <MR936VXLZ3Mk@elias.decus.ch>    In article <00A1FF6E.357F89FE@SSRL.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU>, winston@SSRL.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU ("Alan Winston - SSRL Admin Cmptg Mgr") writes: X > In article <3EC59EC1.2784B9DC@istop.com>, JF Mezei <jfmezei.spamnot@istop.com> writes: >>David Froble wrote: M >>> value, and each evening, after finishing with all operations, you fire up N >>> stand-alone backup and do an image restore of the system from a known goodO >>> backup image, and presto, anything that may have happened during the day is  >>> instantly erased >>H >>Along with any bookmarks you have added,  cookies registerd, status of- >>newsgroup (which posts have been read etc).  >>M >>What is really needed is for browsers to have a list of trusted sites where N >>javascript is allowed, very trusted sites where you also allow java, and allZ >>the rest get a basic browser unless you press a button "reload with javascript enabled". >>> >>For as much as Mr Kilgallen hates me, I am with him on this. > G > I think you have the trustworthiness of Java and Javascript reversed.  >    That's how I understand it too.   H BTW, I have forwarded a copy of my February post here about the evils of Javascript to Mark Schafer :-)   --  
 Paul Sture   ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 03:41:20 -0400 * From: JF Mezei <jfmezei.spamnot@istop.com>0 Subject: Re: creating licenses for my own demos?) Message-ID: <3EC5E799.97CE0BD6@istop.com>   * Alan Winston - SSRL Admin Cmptg Mgr wrote:G > I think you have the trustworthiness of Java and Javascript reversed.   E Except for a few known applications/sites where JAVA provide you with P functionality you are aware of, you can disable JAVA and still navigate the net.  K But more and more sites assume you have javascript enabled for simple basic N navigation that could be done with html. (for instance, many "submit" buttons,V so simply done in html, are now faked in javascript, giving it no added functionality.  L Javascript is also used insidiously by sites to do all sorts of stuff behind2 the scenes, as well as pop-up ads etc etc etc etc.  K Because Javascript is misused to often  I keep it disabled until I get to a L serious site that requires it. Even then, I will often just "view source" toN see which URL it wants to take me to when I click a button, and cut/paste that) url without needing to enable javascript.   G Also, with my version of netscape, some sites have javascript code that N results in Netscape no longer able to load pages after it. YOu have to disable# javascript to get it to work again.    ------------------------------    Date: 17 May 2003 03:27:53 -0500- From: Kilgallen@SpamCop.net (Larry Kilgallen) 0 Subject: Re: creating licenses for my own demos?3 Message-ID: <4HtxRH5oYxOM@eisner.encompasserve.org>    In article <00A1FF6E.357F89FE@SSRL.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU>, winston@SSRL.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU ("Alan Winston - SSRL Admin Cmptg Mgr") writes:   G > I think you have the trustworthiness of Java and Javascript reversed.   E Both Java and JavaScript support a wide variety of code (aka "candy") @ provided to you by strangers.  Used internally, they are no more4 dangerous as programming languages than Macro-32 is.  E So when applied to web browsers the real issue is the trustworthiness , of the person providing the software to you:  # 	1. Did they have good intentions ?   ; 	2. Did they have sufficient technical expertise to prevent 2 	   others from subverting those good intentions ?  E I considered this past month the possibility of putting some people's G names on the web (for a good purpose, naturally).  Then I realized that H these people might not want their names listed.  I would not have linkedG to the page from any other page, but of course there is nothing I could K do to prevent someone _else_ (who knew the URL) from providing such a link. G There is nothing I could do to absolutely prevent my web hosting vendor B from erroneously allowing browsing (or to prevent their web serverH software vendor from introducing a defect, or having one there already).  G So while I trust myself on point 1 above, if I cannot even trust myself E on point 2 above, why on earth should I trust someone else to program + my browser with either JavaScript or Java ?    ======  A HTML, in contrast, has a very limited set of features with a good  security model.    ------------------------------  # Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 11:47:13 GMT " From:   VAXman-  @SendSpamHere.ORG0 Subject: Re: creating licenses for my own demos?0 Message-ID: <00A1FFD0.FE64FBC5@SendSpamHere.ORG>  V In article <3EC59EC1.2784B9DC@istop.com>, JF Mezei <jfmezei.spamnot@istop.com> writes: >David Froble wrote:L >> value, and each evening, after finishing with all operations, you fire upM >> stand-alone backup and do an image restore of the system from a known good N >> backup image, and presto, anything that may have happened during the day is >> instantly erased  > G >Along with any bookmarks you have added,  cookies registerd, status of , >newsgroup (which posts have been read etc). > L >What is really needed is for browsers to have a list of trusted sites whereM >javascript is allowed, very trusted sites where you also allow java, and all Y >the rest get a basic browser unless you press a button "reload with javascript enabled".  > = >For as much as Mr Kilgallen hates me, I am with him on this.   I Well, I just tried to access the guinnessworldrecord.com site to check on I a world record I was a party to and Mazolla pukes when loading it.  It is I my guess that there is some stupid Javascript involved but I need to have H Javascript enabled such that I can bee denied access and acceptance into the hp/DPSS program.  ;( --O VAXman- OpenVMS APE certification number: AAA-0001     VAXman(at)TMESIS(dot)COM              5   "Well my son, life is like a beanstalk, isn't it?"     ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 06:49:22 -0400 2 From: rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger)  Subject: Re: DECdts availabilityL Message-ID: <rdeininger-1705030649230001@user-uinj476.dialup.mindspring.com>  @ In article <Pine.LNX.4.53.0305141004390.9768@jaipur>, Ryan Moore! <rmoore@rmoore.dyndns.org> wrote:     I >Since I found DECdts very useful, we upgraded everything to DECnet Phase  >V at our site.  > 5 >I don't believe you can get DECdts now with Phase V.   J Not sure what you are trying to say here.  DECdts is still part of Phase VE on VAX and Alpha.  I don't think it's available anymore as a separate  product.   ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 06:48:17 -0400 2 From: rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger)Y Subject: Re: Does Kermit have a data size limit? [was RE: getting data off an OpenVMS Alp L Message-ID: <rdeininger-1705030648170001@user-uinj476.dialup.mindspring.com>  I In article <ba38c7$9re$1@watsol.cc.columbia.edu>, fdc@columbia.edu (Frank  da Cruz) wrote:   F >In article <91947A84607D9D48B8E674A5FAB54DA6854546@tahiti.tinuk.com>,- >Steve Spires <Steve.Spires@torex.com> wrote: H >: Just wondering if Kermit might be the answer to my problem of copyingC >: large files [6GB and larger] from VMS toTru64, which seems to be J >: defeating all the other things I've tried. Does anyone know if there is= >: any file size limit? Is Kermit truly a 64-bit application?  >:H >It's whatever the compiler and APIs let it be.  C-Kermit built on Alpha: >with DEC C reports (when you tell it to "show features"): > @ >  sizeofs: int=4 long=4 short=2 char=1 char*=4 float=4 double=8 > - >Why is "long" 4 bytes in DEC C on the Alpha?   J On VMS its 4 bytes, probably for compatibility with VAX C.  On Tru64, IIRC a "long" is 8 bytes.  D DEC/Compaq/HP C on OpenVMS Alpha does support 8 byte ints; they just aren't called "long".    ------------------------------  + Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 09:26:27 -0500 (CDT)  From: sms@antinode.orgY Subject: Re: Does Kermit have a data size limit? [was RE: getting data off an OpenVMS Alp ) Message-ID: <03051709262753@antinode.org>   2 From: rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger)  / > >Why is "long" 4 bytes in DEC C on the Alpha?   L > On VMS its 4 bytes, probably for compatibility with VAX C.  On Tru64, IIRC > a "long" is 8 bytes.  F > DEC/Compaq/HP C on OpenVMS Alpha does support 8 byte ints; they just > aren't called "long".   D    It's not as if it's unique behavior.  On a Sun Ultra (clone) with GCC:   ung% gcc siz.c -o siz  ung% siz7  char = 1, int = 4, long = 4, long long = 8, void* = 4.    But:                vvvv  ung% gcc siz.c -m64 -o siz64
 ung% siz647  char = 1, int = 4, long = 8, long long = 8, void* = 8.    ung% gcc -v H Reading specs from /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-solaris2.9/3.2/specs Configured with: ../configure  Thread model: posix  gcc version 3.2   @    As I recall, the Sun Forte (substitute this week's name here): compilers work the same way (with -Xarch=v9, as I recall).  
 ung% uname -a 8 SunOS ung 5.9 Generic_112233-01 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-1  H ------------------------------------------------------------------------  4    Steven M. Schweda               (+1) 651-699-98183    382 South Warwick Street        sms@antinode,org     Saint Paul  MN  55105-2547    ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 07:14:15 -0400 2 From: rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger)& Subject: Re: Error message help neededL Message-ID: <rdeininger-1705030714150001@user-uinj476.dialup.mindspring.com>  F In article <CIEJLCMNHNNDLLOOGNJIIEFLHDAA.tom@kednos.com>, "Tom Linden" <tom@kednos.com> wrote:    >It would be nice to say >  >$ which hello  , Well, I can "say" that to my VMS system now.  G You must be thinking of a "which" command from some other environment.  / Care to explain to the rest of us what it does?    ------------------------------   Date: 17 May 03 16:56:44 +0200) From: p_sture@elias.decus.ch (Paul Sture) & Subject: Re: Error message help needed) Message-ID: <uxHIIaquqQJK@elias.decus.ch>    In article <rdeininger-1705030714150001@user-uinj476.dialup.mindspring.com>, rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger) writes: H > In article <CIEJLCMNHNNDLLOOGNJIIEFLHDAA.tom@kednos.com>, "Tom Linden" > <tom@kednos.com> wrote:  >  >>It would be nice to say  >> >>$ which hello  > . > Well, I can "say" that to my VMS system now. > I > You must be thinking of a "which" command from some other environment.  1 > Care to explain to the rest of us what it does?   E From unix land, and if you dont' understand this, I cannot blame you:   N WHICH(1)                System General Commands Manual                WHICH(1)   NAMEM      which - locate a program file including aliases and paths (csh(1)) only)    SYNOPSIS      which [name] ...    DESCRIPTION L      which takes a list of names and looks for the files which would be exe-M      cuted had these names been given as commands.  Each argument is expanded L      if it is aliased, and searched for along the user's path.  Both aliases4      and path are taken from the user's .cshrc file.   FILES 0      ~/.cshrc  source of aliases and path values   DIAGNOSTICS L      A diagnostic is given for names which are aliased to more than a singleK      word, or if an executable file with the argument name was not found in       the path.   BUGSH      Must be executed by a csh(1), or some other shell which knows about
      aliases.    HISTORY *      The which command appeared in 3.0BSD.  N 3rd Berkeley Distribution       April 23, 1991       3rd Berkeley Distribution (END)       --  
 Paul Sture   ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 08:38:54 -0700 # From: "Tom Linden" <tom@kednos.com> & Subject: RE: Error message help needed9 Message-ID: <CIEJLCMNHNNDLLOOGNJIMEGIHDAA.tom@kednos.com>    which also works with bash.    >-----Original Message----- 1 >From: Paul Sture [mailto:p_sture@elias.decus.ch] % >Sent: Saturday, May 17, 2003 7:57 AM  >To: Info-VAX@Mvb.Saic.Com' >Subject: Re: Error message help needed  >  >  >In article B ><rdeininger-1705030714150001@user-uinj476.dialup.mindspring.com>,5 >rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger) writes: I >> In article <CIEJLCMNHNNDLLOOGNJIIEFLHDAA.tom@kednos.com>, "Tom Linden"  >> <tom@kednos.com> wrote: >> >>>It would be nice to say >>>  >>>$ which hello >>/ >> Well, I can "say" that to my VMS system now.  >>I >> You must be thinking of a "which" command from some other environment. 2 >> Care to explain to the rest of us what it does? > F >From unix land, and if you dont' understand this, I cannot blame you: > 7 >WHICH(1)                System General Commands Manual  >   WHICH(1) >  >NAME ? >     which - locate a program file including aliases and paths  >(csh(1)) only)  > 	 >SYNOPSIS  >     which [name] ... >  >DESCRIPTION? >     which takes a list of names and looks for the files which  >would be exe-B >     cuted had these names been given as commands.  Each argument >is expanded? >     if it is aliased, and searched for along the user's path. 
 >Both aliases 5 >     and path are taken from the user's .cshrc file.  >  >FILES1 >     ~/.cshrc  source of aliases and path values  >  >DIAGNOSTICS? >     A diagnostic is given for names which are aliased to more  >than a singleL >     word, or if an executable file with the argument name was not found in >     the path.  >  >BUGS I >     Must be executed by a csh(1), or some other shell which knows about  >     aliases. >  >HISTORY+ >     The which command appeared in 3.0BSD.  > B >3rd Berkeley Distribution       April 23, 1991       3rd Berkeley
 >Distribution  >(END) >  >  >--  >Paul Sture  >  >---' >Incoming mail is certified Virus Free. ; >Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). A >Version: 6.0.480 / Virus Database: 276 - Release Date: 5/12/2003  >  --- & Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.: Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).@ Version: 6.0.480 / Virus Database: 276 - Release Date: 5/12/2003   ------------------------------  # Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 17:07:48 GMT " From:   VAXman-  @SendSpamHere.ORG& Subject: Re: Error message help needed0 Message-ID: <00A1FFFD.C5EE27FC@SendSpamHere.ORG>  U In article <uxHIIaquqQJK@elias.decus.ch>, p_sture@elias.decus.ch (Paul Sture) writes:  >In article <rdeininger-1705030714150001@user-uinj476.dialup.mindspring.com>, rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger) writes:I >> In article <CIEJLCMNHNNDLLOOGNJIIEFLHDAA.tom@kednos.com>, "Tom Linden"  >> <tom@kednos.com> wrote: >>   >>>It would be nice to say >>>  >>>$ which hello >>  / >> Well, I can "say" that to my VMS system now.  >>  J >> You must be thinking of a "which" command from some other environment. 2 >> Care to explain to the rest of us what it does? > F >From unix land, and if you dont' understand this, I cannot blame you: > O >WHICH(1)                System General Commands Manual                WHICH(1)  >  >NAME N >     which - locate a program file including aliases and paths (csh(1)) only) > 	 >SYNOPSIS  >     which [name] ... >  >DESCRIPTIONM >     which takes a list of names and looks for the files which would be exe- N >     cuted had these names been given as commands.  Each argument is expandedM >     if it is aliased, and searched for along the user's path.  Both aliases 5 >     and path are taken from the user's .cshrc file.  >  >FILES1 >     ~/.cshrc  source of aliases and path values  >  >DIAGNOSTICSM >     A diagnostic is given for names which are aliased to more than a single L >     word, or if an executable file with the argument name was not found in >     the path.  >  >BUGS I >     Must be executed by a csh(1), or some other shell which knows about  >     aliases. >  >HISTORY+ >     The which command appeared in 3.0BSD.  > O >3rd Berkeley Distribution       April 23, 1991       3rd Berkeley Distribution  >(END)   >  >  >--  >Paul Sture     * Yeah... that really clear it up for me. %P   --O VAXman- OpenVMS APE certification number: AAA-0001     VAXman(at)TMESIS(dot)COM              5   "Well my son, life is like a beanstalk, isn't it?"     ------------------------------  % Date: Sat, 17 May 2003 10:50:21 -0700 # From: "Tom Linden" <tom@kednos.com> & Subject: RE: Error message help needed9 Message-ID: <CIEJLCMNHNNDLLOOGNJIOEGJHDAA.tom@kednos.com>   I This was in response to the mention by Fred of DCL$PATH to give Unix-like J behaviour to commands; wherein directories are searched for the command in' the order specified.  So when you type  
 $ which hello   D it would return a complete file specification so that you would know@ which executable werre being executed.  As an adjunct to this is $ pathE which simply gives a list of directories, indicating the search order   G In our case, for example, because we run different verions of the PL/I  B compiler and runtime, it would be convenient to have 'which'  but * SHO LOG accomplishes essentially the same.   >-----Original Message----- C >From: VAXman- @SendSpamHere.ORG [mailto:VAXman- @SendSpamHere.ORG] & >Sent: Saturday, May 17, 2003 10:08 AM >To: Info-VAX@Mvb.Saic.Com' >Subject: Re: Error message help needed  >  > B >In article <uxHIIaquqQJK@elias.decus.ch>, p_sture@elias.decus.ch  >(Paul Sture) writes: 
 >>In article  C ><rdeininger-1705030714150001@user-uinj476.dialup.mindspring.com>,  5 >rdeininger@mindspring.com (Robert Deininger) writes: J >>> In article <CIEJLCMNHNNDLLOOGNJIIEFLHDAA.tom@kednos.com>, "Tom Linden" >>> <tom@kednos.com> wrote:  >>>  >>>>It would be nice to say  >>>> >>>>$ which hello  >>> 0 >>> Well, I can "say" that to my VMS system now. >>> K >>> You must be thinking of a "which" command from some other environment.  3 >>> Care to explain to the rest of us what it does?  >>G >>From unix land, and if you dont' understand this, I cannot blame you:  >>D >>WHICH(1)                System General Commands Manual            
 >    WHICH(1)  >> >>NAMEA >>     which - locate a program file including aliases and paths   >(csh(1)) only)  >>
 >>SYNOPSIS >>     which [name] ...  >>
 >>DESCRIPTION A >>     which takes a list of names and looks for the files which   >would be exe-D >>     cuted had these names been given as commands.  Each argument  >is expandedB >>     if it is aliased, and searched for along the user's path.  
 >Both aliases 6 >>     and path are taken from the user's .cshrc file. >> >>FILES 2 >>     ~/.cshrc  source of aliases and path values >>
 >>DIAGNOSTICS A >>     A diagnostic is given for names which are aliased to more   >than a singleA >>     word, or if an executable file with the argument name was  
 >not found in  >>     the path. >> >>BUGSJ >>     Must be executed by a csh(1), or some other shell which knows about >>     aliases.  >>	 >>HISTORY , >>     The which command appeared in 3.0BSD. >>D >>3rd Berkeley Distribution       April 23, 1991       3rd Berkeley 
 >Distribution  >>(END)  >>   >> >>--   >>Paul Sture >  > + >Yeah... that really clear it up for me. %P  >  >-- 8 >VAXman- OpenVMS APE certification number: AAA-0001      >VAXman(at)TMESIS(dot)COM  >           6 >  "Well my son, life is like a beanstalk, isn't it?"  >  >---' >Incoming mail is certified Virus Free. ; >Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). A >Version: 6.0.480 / Virus Database: 276 - Release Date: 5/12/2003  >  --- & Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.: Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).@ Version: 6.0.480 / Virus Database: 276 - Release Date: 5/12/2003   ------------------------------   End of INFO-VAX 2003.272 ************************