 ??      ) ANU NEWS V6.0   -  12 October 1990	Page 1    1. Introduction               
 1.Introductio  n           * ANU NEWS V6.0   -  9 September 1990	Page 1     2. An Overview of NEWS               2.An Overview of   NEWS       3. Overview of NEWS Commands               3. Overview of  NEWS   Commands         4. Customizing NEWS                4. Customising   NEWS       5. NEWS Commands User Reference             5. NEWS  Commands User Reference       6. Moderated Newsgroups               
 6. Moderated  
 Newsgroups       7. Utilities  NNTP_XMIT                7. Utilities:   	 NNTP_XMIT          8. Utilities  NNTP_XFER                8. Utilities:   	 NNTP_XFER          9. Utilities  NNTP_CLIENT                9. Utilities:    NNTP_CLIENT          10. NEWS Management Tasks                10. NEWS Management  Tasks          11. NEWS Distribution              11. NEWS Distribution        12. Installing NEWS              12. Installing NEWS       ) 13. Upgrading from Previous News Versions           ) 13. Upgrading from Previous NEWS Versions        14. Installing NNTP Servers              14. Installing NNTP Servers          15. NEWS Network Transfers             15. NEWS Network Transfers                       ANU NEWS Version V6.0     12 October 1990              Geoff Huston( Australian Academic and Research Network                                                   Australian National University Canberra, Australia     H ANU NEWS is a computer-based conferencing system. As such, it has many  N similarities to a normal electronic mail delivery system (E-Mail), as well as  some major differences:   K 	E-Mail is typically a person-to-person communication. In such a system a  J third person cannot view the mail contents, and the mail is essentially a - transaction between the sender and recipient.   J 	This E-Mail model can be extended with the use of mailing lists. In this P situation each user posts a mail item to a list of others, each of whom receive P a copy of the mail. In this model the mail transaction is extended to include a Q group of users, but privacy is still intact to the extent that users who are not  O on the mail distribution list cannot participate in the mail conversation. The  O mailing list can be maintained on a central site, or each user may keep a copy  Q of the list - the resultant functionality from the user viewpoint is essentially  
 unchanged.  K 	Bulletin boards take the mailing list model one step further by allowing  M all users to have the ability to view all postings, and all postings made by  E users are public to all other users of the bulletin board (this is a  M simplification of many bulletin boards, which commonly provide functionality  P which encompasses all these models of communication, and more). As with mailing Q lists, the bulletin board data can be held on a single central system (acting as  Q a server for client systems), or each system in a network may hold a copy of the  M postings. In both cases the functionality is similar from the user viewpoint.   Q ANU NEWS is an implementation of such a bulletin board. ANU NEWS allows the user  O to view all postings made by other users of the news facility, and also allows  P the user to contribute to the conference by posting an item to the news system.   G Individual postings within the news system are termed items. Items are  O classified into a single hierarchy of newsgroups. All items of similar subject  J matter are logically grouped together for presentation within a newsgroup > (analogous to the use of folders within a E-Mail application).  K Unlike person-to-person E-Mail, all  items posted into news are (normally)  K readable by all users on the system, so the items in news are intended for  Q general view, and all users of the local host may post items into any newsgroup.  Q Typically, the local news host system is linked to a wider network of other news  L hosts, and the local host will receive news items that were posted on other N hosts on the network, and local postings will also be sent through this wider N network. This default public status of news items is qualified by the ability P within ANU NEWS to configure restricted  newsgroups with an explicit readership  list.   M ANU NEWS implements the Internet Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages  M (Internet Request For Comment (RFC) 1036), and as such has many similarities  O with the Unixtm-based news software set distributed within the USENET. However  O ANU NEWS is not based on any port of this software to VAX/VMS. The application  P has been designed with the objective of implementing the required functionality P of USENET news, using data and file structures that can be executed efficiently K on a VAX/VMS system, and supporting a user interface which is based on the   VAX/VMS user environment.   O The implementation of the USENET standard under VAX/VMS implies that a VAX/VMS  L site can be configured into the global USENET news network, and will accept K USENET news batches from neighbouring USENET sites, and generate correctly  A formatted news batches for transmission to adjacent USENET sites.   P The ANU NEWS package also implements the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), J as documented in the Internet document RFC 977. The software distribution P includes an implementation of an NNTP server, NNTP CLient and various utilities , to enable news network transfers using NNTP.  M This implementation can use both DECnettm and TCP/IP as the transport layer.  P With DECnet, the NNTP applications are implemented using an NNTP DECnet Object. L With TCP/IP the implementation is configured to use the applicable Internet O standard, TCP Port 119.  The implementation of ANU NEWS and NNTP also supports  O remote access using the TCP/IP protocols. The supported VAX/VMS implementation  N of TCP/IP include Multinettm, WIN TCP, Ultrix Connection, EXCELAN TCP and the : Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) implementation of TCP/IP.  O This allows a VMS/VMS system to interoperate with remote VAX/VMS or Unix hosts  O (or any other system which can support TCP/IP access) in either NNTP client or  D server roles using TCP/IP and DECnet. ANU NEWS can be configured to F automatically access a NNTP server over DECnet or TCP, implementing a  distributed news database.  P The client configurations supported include a "diskless" client, where there is P no local NEWS database, or in a caching mode, where a local database is used to . refer to item texts stored on a remote system.         2.1 Invoking NEWS   C To invoke an interactive session of NEWS, use the command   $ NEWS.     # Restoring the Previous NEWS Session   M When starting NEWS the context will normally be restored to the state of the  Q previous exit from NEWS, re-establishing the previous final active newsgroup and   selected item if applicable.     Checking for Unseen News Items  Q To check if there are new unseen messages in the news area additional qualifiers  M can be used with the NEWS command.  $ NEWS/SCAN will check the status of the  O local news database and will output a 1 line message if there are unseen items  Q in the news database. The check of newsgroups only includes those newsgroups for  Q which you want the NEWS software to check - the section in the following chapter  Q on keeping track of newsitems indicates how this is done. If there are no unseen  4 items, NEWS will exit without generating any output.  L This command, $ NEWS/SCAN, may be placed in your LOGIN.COM to indicate that H there is unseen news in a format consistent with VMS's new mail message.  K A more verbose form of this scan for unseen items can be achieved with the  M command $ NEWS/ALLSCAN. The differences with the /ALLSCAN qualifier are that  O this directs NEWS to list those newsgroups which contain unseen items, and the  Q number of such items in each newsgroup. Also if there are no unseen items then a  N status message is output indicating this. Again this command may be placed in  your LOGIN.COM file1.   P You can also invoke NEWS on a conditional basis: if there are unseen items then N NEWS will start an interactive NEWS session, and if there are no unseen items D NEWS will immediately exit. The command format for this action is $ 
 NEWS/UNSEEN2.      NEWS Display Modes  Q NEWS can operate in either line or screen mode. Line mode is intended for use on  Q printing terminals or within batch command procedures, and the user interface is  L more restrictive than screen mode. The command $ NEWS invokes a screen mode J display if supported by the terminal device, and line mode otherwise. The J command $NEWS/NOSCREEN starts NEWS in line mode. As long as the terminal M device supports screen mode display the display mode may be altered during a  6 NEWS session [using the SCREEN and NOSCREEN commands].  I NEWS uses the VAX/VMS SMG$ routines as the screen display manager3. If a  F terminal device is not defined within the SMG$ tables, then NEWS will B automatically enter line mode, and the SCREEN command is disabled.   2.2 The Structure of NEWS   N NEWS items are stored within NEWSGROUPS (this is analogous to VMS MAIL, where M mail items are stored within FOLDERS). All news items with a similar subject  4 matter are normally contained in a single newsgroup.  Q Each news item within a newsgroup has a title and a sequence number. A directory  M of items within a newsgroup displays these titles and sequence numbers - the  M sequence number is used to select a particular item from within a newsgroup.  O News items contain other control information - these additional fields will be  - covered in the section on Posting news items.   O When in NEWS you maintain an implicit 'context' within the NEWS database. This  ' context is made up of three components:   I 	The 'current' newsgroup is the newsgroup indicated by the cursor (when  N at the newsgroup directory level). This is the newsgroup which is 'opened' if 9 you are at the newsitem directory or text display levels.   I 	The 'current' newsitem  - which is relevant only if the screen display  J is either the newsitem directory (in which case the 'current' newsitem is 2 indicated by the cursor) or newsitem text display.  H 	The screen level - either a newsgroup directory, a directory of items . within a newsgroup, or the text of a newsitem.     2.3 NEWS Screen Formats   O There are three different screen display formats used in NEWS. They correspond  I to the context level of the user when running NEWS (Newsgroup directory,  & Newsitem directory and Newsitem text).  P The top three lines on each display describe the current context level, and any 1 other necessary information for that screen type.   O At the base of all three screen formats is a three line window. The first line  P shows a command prompt -- commands are entered on this line. The second line is Q used to enter any additional parameters required for the command. The third line  0 is used to display any status or error messages.  O The next three pages display these screen formats and indicate the elements of  
 each display.  NEWSGROUP Directory Screen  O This screen display corresponds to the outer context level of NEWS. The screen  L displays the names of the newsgroups held on the system, the number of news L items held in each newsgroup and the number of items that you have not read.  L The top line displays the selection criteria of newsgroups: this may be all N newsgroups, newsgroups in which you are registered, newsgroups with new items M posted into them since a certain date, and so on. The line also displays the  M number of newsgroups which have been selected under these selection criteria.   M The major section of the screen displays the newsgroup names, their sequence  + number, and additional control information.   H The figure below explains the various fields shown on each entry in the  directory screen.   J In the leftmost field a selection cursor is displayed (-), indicating the Q current or selected newsgroup. The UP and DOWN commands, and the cursor vertical  N movement keys are used to move this selection cursor through the display. The L remaining fields of each entry of the display are not alterable by the user.  I                                                                             ! NEWSGROUP Directory Entry Display    NEWS ITEM Directory Screen  N The second context level is entered from the NEWSGROUP screen by pressing the K select key (or using the 'SELECT' command). This screen corresponds to the  M second context level, when a newsgroup is 'opened' to display the news items  H currently stored within the newsgroup. An example screen is shown below:  H                                                                           ! NEWS ITEM Directory Entry Display   P This display is similar to the newsgroup display, using 1 line to describe each O newsitem. The screen shows the sequence number, news item title, date the news  P item was created on the local system, and the size of the news item. News items K which you have not viewed are shown in bolded video. As with the newsgroup  Q directory, a cursor is positioned in the leftmost columns of the screen, and the  P cursor can be moved within the screen by the up and down arrow keys. The cursor 1 corresponds to the current or selected news item.  NEWS ITEM Text Display  F The third context level is entered by the 'READ' command. This screen O corresponds to the third context level, displaying the contents of the current  
 news item.  O The text is displayed in screen sized 'chunks', advancing through the text one  M page at a time. The base of the screen shows the current position within the  Q text as a percentage of the total text size. The up and down arrow keys are also  J mapped in this mode, and move the display in single line movements in the P relevant direction. The Prev-Screen and Next-Screen are also mapped to move the O screen in page sized chunks either up or down. Lastly the commands UP and DOWN  K with a numeric parameter (e.g. DOWN 150) will move the specified number of  P lines. The underlying display buffer is 2000 lines in size, and once text rolls J off the ``top'' of this display it cannot be presented back on the screen.  E                                                                          NEWS ITEM Text Display  M Optionally you may use an editor (TPU by default, but you may choose another  P editor) in read-only mode to display the news item text. This will allow you to P scroll up and down, search for strings, and use other editor search and display N operations on the text. At any stage the text display can be aborted, and you J may reset the screen display to either the news item or newsgroup display  screen.     M This is the first of three sections describing the user-level NEWS commands.  L This section describes those commands which are commonly used, and form the M basic set of commands to use NEWS. The next section describes those commands  J which are used to change the NEWS environment, and the third section is a J reference section for the user command set, describing in detail all user  commands and their qualifiers.  H As with VMS DCL commands, all NEWS commands and their qualifiers may be / abbreviated to the minimum unique abbreviation.    3.1 Default Keypad Definitions  3 By default, the VT keypad is configured as follows:   /                                                      J The LK201 edit block is also defined in NEWS, with the key definitions as  follows:                                         N These default key mappings may be altered by the user - this is documented in  the next section.    3.2 NEWS Display Commands   A This set of commands enable you to move around the NEWS database.   A DIRECTORY	The default action of NEWS is to display the newsgroup  Q directory screen. This screen has a cursor in the left field, which may be moved  I using the arrow keys. The directory of newsitems within the 'pointed' or  ? 'current' newsgroup may be obtained by the 'DIR/ITEMS' command.   H 	When the item screen display is displayed, the newsgroup directory may 0 be displayed using the 'DIR/NEWSGROUPS' command.  C 	The set of newsgroups displayed in the newsgroup directory may be  I modified using qualifiers to the DIRECTORY command: DIR/ALL displays all  J newsgroups, DIR/REGISTER displays only those newsgroups in which you have M registered a particular interest, and DIR/SINCE=date (e.g.: DIR/SINCE=TODAY)  O displays only those newsgroups which have received new postings since the data  
 specified.   Cursor Vertical Movement Keys,P UP, DOWN The newsgroup and newsitem directory screens use a pointer in the left L field of the display to indicate the 'current' newsgroup and newsitem. This N pointer may be moved up or down using the UP or DOWN commands. These commands P are bound to the arrow keys, so the more usual way of moving through the screen  is via the arrow keys.  D 	Both commands may take a numeric parameter (e.g.: UP 18) to move a M number of lines. On VT220-type terminals the PREV SCREEN and NEXT SCREEN are  9 bound to the commands 'UP 18' and 'DOWN 18' respectively.   K SELECT is similar to 'DIR/ITEMS' such that the command displays a newsitem  P directory of a newsgroup. However, SELECT has a number of qualifiers which make * the selection of newsgroups more powerful.  J 	In particular, 'SELECT/NEW' selects the next newsgroup in which you have B registered a particular interest which has received new newsitems.     3.3 Displaying NEWS text  O READ  The most common method of displaying the contents of a newsitem is using  N the 'READ' command. This displays the news text on a page-by-page basis (in a 0 similar fashion to the DCL 'TYPE/PAGE' command).  J 	By default, the 'current' newsitem is opened for display, but qualifiers Q may be used to combine movement of the 'current' newsitem and display: READ/NEXT  N combines the actions of the 'DOWN' and 'READ' commands. READ/NEW combines the N actions of 'SELECT/NEW' (select the next unread newsitem as the current item) K and 'READ'. READ/PARENT selects the parent newsitem (the item to which the  N current newsitem refers) for display. READ/FOLLOWUP selects the next followup N newsitem (a posting which refers to the same subject as the current item) for  display.   3.4 Posting Items to NEWS   O There are two commands which allow the user to create a NEWS posting: POST and  P FOLLOWUP. POST implies that the item refers to a new subject which has not been O discussed before: FOLLOWUP implies that the user is posting a followup item to   the current item.   P The default actions of POST and FOLLOWUP are to forward the item text as far as K possible throughout the NEWS network. Background NEWS server processes are  N responsible for sending the item to all adjacent network neighbours. Normally M the distribution of the item is restricted by the set of network nodes which  O wish to receive the newsgroups in which the newsitem is posted. Qualifiers may  M be used with these commands to restrict this distribution to a subset of the  B network (these qualifiers are described in the reference section).  N POST   invokes a text editor to create a new newsitem (the text editor may be O one of your choosing - see the chapter on customization). The NEWS system also  N prompts for the newsgroup or newsgroup list to which the item will be posted, 2 and will also prompt for the title of the posting.  O FOLLOWUP   is similar to POST, with the difference that the edit buffer is pre- P loaded with the text of the current newsitem (the item to which you are posting N the followup). This allows you to formulate your reply using fragments of the J original posting to help other readers establish what you are replying to.   3.5 Deleting Newsitems  Q Deletion of newsitems is not normally a straightforward process - as the text of  M the original item may have already been forwarded to the wider news network,  M then deletion of a newsitem requires that a special deletion control message  F must be sent through the network to delete all copies of your posting.  N CANCEL   This command deletes the 'current' newsitem. A check is performed to I ensure that the item you are attempting to delete was actually posted by  P yourself before the deletion is performed. This command also generates a cancel P control message which is forwarded throughout the net, which directs all remote . nodes to delete this newsitems on your behalf.     3.6 NEWS Interface to MAIL  M NEWS supports two commands which interface to VMS MAIL. This allows users to  M forward NEWS items to other users via MAIL and also to send direct person-to- 3 person mail to the original poster of the newsitem.   K FORWARD, MAIL   These two commands are synonyms: the 'current' newsitem is  N extracted and posted to the addresses you supply. By default the item text is P loaded into an edit buffer for editing before sending the mail - this edit pass A may be omitted by using the '/NOEDIT' qualifier with the command.   N REPLY   This command extracts the From: address (or the Reply-To: address, if N specified) from the current newsitem and invokes the editor to create a reply 5 which will be directed to the sender of the newsitem.   B 	This command differs from the FOLLOWUP command in so far as your K response to the original posting is a private response between you and the  N poster, whereas the FOLLOWUP command posts a public response through the NEWS  network.   3.7 Extraction of Newsitems   O Newsitems may be extracted from the NEWS database and kept as a local file, or   printed.  N EXTRACT   This command extracts the 'current' newsitem and makes a local copy : into a file - you are prompted for a filename to write to.  < PRINT   This prints the 'current' newsitem to a print queue.   3.8 Keeping Track of Newsitems  I There are two ways in which NEWS can be used to help you read particular  Q newsitems - the first is by the concept of 'read' and 'unread' newsitems and the  P second by the use of 'marks' to enable you to re-read newsitems at a later date.  P NEWS maintains for each user a list of all newsitems which have been considered L as 'read' - this is an aid when searching through the NEWS database for new J items which have been posted. NEWS also maintains for each user a list of O newsitems which have been 'marked' by that user, enabling the user to 'mark' a  P newsitem with any tag text, and later retrieve that newsitem by specifying that 	 tag text.   M This context information is contained in a user file, SYS$LOGIN:NEWSRC.; The  , file is updated every time NEWS is executed.  M REGISTER, DEREGISTER  NEWS enables the user to mark particular newsgroups as  M being of particular interest. This marking, or 'registering', is used by the  P READ/NEW, SELECT/NEW, DIR/NEW and DIR/REGISTER commands to allow fast access to : any new postings in the subset of 'registered' newsgroups.  I 	The 'current' newsgroup is added to this registered set by the REGISTER  C command, and can be removed from the set by the DEREGISTER command.   P SKIP is used to mark a set of newsitems as having been 'read' without having to P display the item text. The default action is to mark the current item as 'read' / and move the pointer to refer to the next item.   D 	If the display is the newsgroup directory, then SKIP will mark ALL - newsitems in the 'current' newsgroup as read.   G 	SKIP may also mark a range of newsitems as 'read' by using qualifiers  F with the SKIP command - these are documented in the reference chapter.  M MARK, UNMARK  are used to associate tags with a newsitem. The common form of  M marking is the MARK the 'current' newsitem, and then retrieve that item at a  N later date by either the SELECT/MARK or READ/MARK commands. If a newsitem has M been marked, then a line of the form ``Mark: ...'' is included in the header  , lines of the text display for that newsitem.  = 	A mark may be removed from a newsitem by the UNMARK command.   H 	Variants of this command allow the mark to have a text value, allowing K the READ/MARK and SELECT/MARK commands to retrieve particular marked items  0 according to a match on the supplied tag values.     3.9 HELP  N HELP  is used to enter the on-line HELP documentation - this documentation is 1 similar to the reference chapter in this document      3.10 EXITing NEWS   P EXIT performs a normal exit from NEWS - the register file is updated to reflect Q all items read during this session, and any pending print requests are sent to a   nominated print queue.  O QUIT exits from NEWS without the associated update function of EXIT. This is a  - more graceful alternative to the Ctrl-Y exit.       Q It is possible to customise NEWS in a number of ways. This includes changing the  P definitions of keys on the terminal, and changing the editor invoked by NEWS to L one of your choice. This chapter describes those commands and logical names H which perform this customisation. Customization can be done using three K mechanisms: setting your keypad, as described below, using the SET PROFILE  L command, and defining logical names. As there is some overlap in what these H three methods can define the order of precedence is firstly any setting K performed interactively overrides profile settings, which in turn override   logical name settings.     4.1 Key Definition  Q The default set of key mappings is given in the previous section. These defaults  P may be altered in two ways: using the DEFINE/KEY command to bind a news command L to a key, or defining  the  logical  name  NEWS_INI  to a file containing a J sequence of DEFINE/KEY lines (which will be executed  on startup of NEWS).  O The DEFINE/KEY command is equivalent to it's VMS DCL counterpart - the command  < performs a mapping of the nominated key to a command string.  Q NOTE: that there are six keys which should not be DEFINED from the standard NEWS  P values: the four arrow keys and the PREV and NEXT SCREEN keys (This restriction M is a reflection of an underlying problem with the VMS software used by NEWS).    4.2 NEWS Logical Names  H There are a number of logical names which users may define to alter the O behaviour of NEWS. All these logical names are intended to be defined on a pre  Q process basis as process logical names. This would normally be configured within   the LOGIN.COM file:     F NEWS_INI   This can be defined as a file name which contains a set of F DEFINE/KEY commands to change the default key binding of news.   e.g.:* 		$ DEFINE NEWS_INI SYS$LOGIN:NEWSKPD.DEFS    O NEWS_EDIT  This logical name can be used to link an editor to NEWS. The editor  O is used to generate new postings, and to edit forwarded mail, and (optionally)  : in readonly mode, to scan the item contents (READ/EDITOR).  F 	By default NEWS links the TPU editor to NEWS, using the value of the O logical name TPUSECINI as the section to use. With V5 of VMS the NEWS software  O will also examine whether the logical name TPU$SECTION is defined and use that  . translation in a similar fashion to TPUSECINI.  % 	This logical name is used to either: = 			Use the TPU editor with a section other than the default: ) 			$ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "TPU/SEC=mysection"   % 			Use EDT as the configured editor: " 			$ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT CALLABLE_EDT  D 			Call any other editor using a command procedure in a subprocess:/ 			$ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "@dev:[dir]my_editor.com" ' 		and NEWS will then SPAWN the command: % 			$ @dev:[dir]my_editor.com filename   D 		The next section shows an example my_editor.com command procedure.N NEWS_VIEW  This logical name is only required if you are using a local editor L command procedure as NEWS_EDIT. In this case a second procedure is required 0 which invokes the same editor in read_only mode:/ 			$ DEFINE NEWS_VIEW "@dev:[dir]my_reader.com" & 	and NEWS will then spawn the command:% 			$ @dev:[dir]my_reader.com filename   = 	When TPU or EDT is configured as the editor, then NEWS will  K automatically add the /READONLY to create a readonly version of the editor.   N NEWS_SCANSIZE  NEWS will normally display the text of a newsitem on a page-by-O page basis. When scanning through items it is often useful to only display the  H first few lines of an item, to decide whether to view the complete text.  H 	If the logical name NEWS_SCANSIZE is defined as a number (n), then the N first n lines of each new item will be displayed, and you will be prompted if N you wish to see more of this item. Commonly, a value between 8 and 12 is most  useful.   K MAIL_SIGNATURE   This logical name may be defined as the name of your mail  P signature file. If this logical name is defined, then the contents of this fill M will be automatically appended to all postings and mailings made from within   NEWS.   H NEWS_DEFAULT_DIRECTORY   NEWS will normally remember the last newsgroup N directory setting across invocations of the program (i.e. If you had executed P DIR/NEW before exiting NEWS, then when you next run NEWS, the initial newsgroup J directory state will be restored to DIR/NEW). It is possible to specify a M constant initial directory state by defining this logical name as one of the   strings: 			ALL   			NEW 			REGISTER  			SINCE 			SINCE=vms_date   O NEWS_POST_CC  This logical name directs NEWS to generate MAIL carbon-copies of  Q NEWS postings. The logical name value is interpreted by NEWS as the name of a CC  6 control file. This file consists of lines of the form: 		newsgroup   address   H 	The newsgroup name starts in column 1, and may be the name of a single N newsgroup, or may specify a set of newsgroups by including the wildcard match L character ('*'). The address is the address to receive a carbon copy of the P posting. It is separated from the newsgroup name by at least 1 space character. 7 The address may be a decnet or internet-format address.   H 	The interpretation of the file is such that any postings you make into H any of the specified newsgroups will also generate mail to the matching 
 addresses.  M NEWS_PERSONAL_NAME   Sets the personal name string. This name is appended to  * your network address in all NEWS postings.  J 	If this logical name is not defined your VMS MAIL profile is examined to 8 copy your MAIL personal name as your NEWS personal name.  ! 4.3  NEWS_EDIT Command Procedures   I An example command procedure to invoke an editor from NEWS is as follows:     $ !;  $ ! Example command procedure to invoke an editor for NEWS   $ !  $ ! Inputs:  $ !  $ !     P1 = file name.  $ !D  $ ! Note that this procedure is run in the context of a subprocess.C  $ ! LOGIN.COM is not executed.  However, all process logical names '  $ ! and DCL global symbols are copied.   $ !<  $ ! The default directory is the same as the parent process  $ !B  $ ! Note that this will only be invoked if the user has placed in  $ ! LOGIN.COM (or similar) <  $ !     $ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "@dev:[dir]NEWSEDIT_EXAMPLE.COM"  $ !2  $ DEFINE /USER SYS$INPUT 'F$TRNLNM("SYS$OUTPUT")'  $ IF P1 .EQS. "" THEN EXIT   $ EDIT/EDT 'P1'  $ EXIT     N In connection with the definition of a personal profile the following message 6 from Reg Quinton, <reggers@uwovax.BITNET> is relevant:  M "Many new  users of ANU/NEWS (especially those  new  to  Vax/VMS) have great  P difficulty posting their first article.  The  problem  is that News assumes you L know a bit about Vax/VMS already -- in  particular that you  know about the P default editor.  This is often a faulty assumption  and naive users are rightly P distressed when they find  themselves put  into  a strange editing environment. 5 Composing text can, and should be, simpler than that!    M "We have therefore defined a procedure for entered  text which easier to use  L (but without all  the power  of a  Vax/VMS  editor). We would encourage all 0 beginning users to set their profile as follows:   5         News> set profile/editor=@news_manager:noedit    R "There are several other profile  setting discussed in both  the help system and  O the manual.  If you  have set your profile   as above then  the "Post" command  L will use this procedure for composing your message -- the procedure will say   +         Enter text, end with ^Z (Control-Z)     -----   M "You may  then enter  your  message a line   at a time   with the usual line  Q editing features  of VMS.  You end  your text  with  a Control-Z character which  D is constructed by typing a `Z' while holding down the `Control' key.   M "Once you have learned an editor on the Vax/VMS environment you can then set  % your profile accordingly, for example    &         News> set profile/editor=emacs  ? In addition the following command procedure has been submitted:    news_manager:noedit.com    @ $ ! The most primitive editor for news -- read from your console $ ! 1 $ ! Reg Quinton <reggers@uwovax.BITNET>; 1-Aug-89  $ !  $ if p1 .eqs. "" $ then6 $       write sys$output "Oops .... missing parameter" $       exit $ else> $       write sys$output "Enter text, end with ^Z (Control-Z)"  $       write sys$output "-----" $       copy sys$command 'p1'  $ endif        $ NEWS    9 The $ NEWS command is the VMS DCL command to invoke NEWS.    Format:         $ NEWS [news command]   Command Parameters   news commandM If as command is given with NEWS, then this command is executed. Normally if  Q this parameter is used then only that command is executed, and control is passed  Q back to the calling environment. A Compile-time switch can alter this behaviour,  J such that interactive execution of NEWS will continue following a initial  command parameter.  ! For example, the VMS DCL command:   I     $ NEWS POST/NEWSGROUP=local.messages/SUBJECT="Weekly Msgs" weekly.msg   M posts the file weekly.msg into NEWS, into newsgroup local.messages, with the  ) title "Weekly Msgs", then returns to DCL.      Command Qualifiers   /ALLSCANQ /ALLSCAN is a more verbose form of the /SCAN action. The difference is that this  K qualifier directs NEWS to list the names of those newsgroups which contain  P unseen items, and the number of such items in each newsgroup. Also if there are L no unseen items then a status message is output indicating this. Again this P command may be placed in your LOGIN.COM file, but it should be noted that /SCAN - is more efficient in execution than /ALLSCAN.    /CLASS=classnameM Within NEWS collections of newsgroups may be grouped together under a common  P label, or class.  Newsgroups may belong to a number of classes, and classes are Q defined by both the user, the local news manager, and by NEWS itself. An initial  N active class of newsgroups at startup time may be specified by this qualifier.   /NETPROTOCOL=protocol N This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /NETSERVER protocol to specify I the network protocol to use to contact the remote NEWS server. The valid   protocol values are:  # 	DECNET		to use the DECnet protocol  	 4 	TCP			to use the locally configured default TCP/IP  implementation.    -or-8 	CMUTCP		to use the CMU implementation of TCP/IP for VMS< 	WINTCP		to use the WIN TCP implementation of TCP/IP for VMSA 	MULTINETTCP	to use the Multinet implementation of TCP/IP for VMS 6 	UCX			to use the Ultrix Connection implementation of  TCP/IP for VMS? 	IPCUCX		to use the Ultrix Connection implementation of TCP/IP   for VMS (Socket I/O)= 	EXCELAN		to use the EXCELAN implementation of TCP/IP for VMS    /NETSERVER [=nodename ]  /NETSERVER=nodename 
 /NETSERVER /NONETSERVERP NEWS can be invoked using either a local database of news items, or can use the P network to contact a remote NEWS server. A session using a remote server can be P initiated by specifying the network name of the remote server node. The name is F either a DECnet node name, a TCP/IP name, or a TCP/IP network address.  	 /READONLY O /READONLY invokes a read-only session of NEWS. In this mode the POST, FOLLOWUP  Q and CANCEL commands (and their synonyms) are disabled and NEWS items may only be   viewed in the NEWS session.    /SCAN N NEWS can be invoked to check if there are unseen items in the NEWS area, then N exit to DCL. The /SCAN qualifier directs NEWS to check the status of the news P database and will output a 1 line message if there are unseen items in the news O database. The check of newsgroups only includes those newsgroups for which you  P want the NEWS software to check - registered newsgroups. If there are no unseen P items, NEWS will exit without printing a message. This command may be placed in M your LOGIN.COM to write out a message that there is unseen news, in a format  ' consistent with VMS's new mail message.    /SCREEN  /SCREEN	Default 	 /NOSCREEN I This qualifier is used to determine whether the initial state of NEWS is  J configured to drive a terminal screen or a hardcopy device. The /NOSCREEN I qualifier is used for hardcopy interactive sessions or Batch or Detached  Q execution of the NEWS program. Normally NEWS will automatically configure itself  O by interrogating the SMG terminal capabilities file and setting screen mode if  P possible.  /NOSCREEN forces line mode irrespective of the terminal capabilities.  * See Also  the SCREEN and NOSCREEN commands   /UNSEEN P NEWS can also be invoked on a conditional basis: if there are unseen items then M NEWS will start an interactive NEWS session, otherwise NEWS will immediately   exit. 	 ADD ENTRY       1 ADD ENTRY is used to add newsgroups into classes.    Format:        ADD ENTRY [newsgroup]   P ADD ENTRY is used to add a newsgroup into a set of related newsgroups (referred M to as a class). This set of newsgroups is defined and maintained by the user  N (and held in the user's NEWS profile area). Classes  are a user tool to allow P the user to group a number of related newsgroups together in a single set. This Q grouping is on a user-by-user basis in general, although there are facilities to  Q allow system defined classes, and news does also support a number of pre-defined  Q classes which newsgroups are assigned to automatically. Classes are specified as  % single words, as defined by the user.   N Normally the specified newsgroup is added to the current class (if a class is N currently selected). The /CLASSES qualifier may be used to specify the set of O classes in which the newsgroup is to be entered. Note that if the newsgroup is  J currently a member of a class (or classes), the classes specified in this > command are interpreted as additions to the current class set.  L See Also:    SHOW ENTRY, MODIFY ENTRY, DELETE ENTRY, SET CLASS, SHOW CLASS,  DIRECTORY/CLASS    Command Qualifiers:     /CLASSES [=(class-name [,...]) ]P This qualifier determines the classes to which the specified newsgroup is to be L added. If this qualifier is not used, then the current class is used as the Q default value. If a class of the specified name does not exist, it is created by  
 this command.   Q The qualifier value may be a list of class names, in which case the newsgroup is    added to all such named classes.  H The class names specified as qualifier values may also contain wildcard M characters (%,?,*), in which case the newsgroup will be added to all classes   with matching names. ADD FILE    I ADD FILE is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. ADD FILE is NOT supported under a   diskless client execution.   Format:      ADD FILE filename   P ADD FILE is used to load articles into the local NEWS database. This command is P normally used to load network news batches onto the local node (whereas locally I generated news is POSTed into NEWS by the user who is executing the POST  O command).  If the node is defined as a NEWS network routing node, this command  C also generates the batch files to send to the adjacent NEWS nodes.    Q ADD FILE scans an input file and breaks the file into one or more articles. Each  E article is composed of a number of header lines and an article body.    M The software takes into account that the file may have been delivered by the  P remote NEWs feed node using mail as the delivery mechanism: in such a case NEWS M will attempt to recognise the difference between the additional mail headers  N added to the file by the mailing process, and discard these mail headers, and + process the remaining NEWS header and body.   N ANU NEWS will also generate local headers for any headers not included in the M input file, which can be used to advantage to add VMS Mail mail items and/or    folders into NEWS - for example:     MAIL> set folder tcpip      MAIL> extract/all tcpip.news     MAIL> exit9     $ NEWS add file tcpip.news/news=local.mail_list.tcpip   Q Additionally NEWS will recognise the NEWS mail-encapsulation in common use where  Q the NEWS item is distinguished from MAIL-added text by the use of  the character  L 'N' in column 1 of the NEWS part of the mail message, and perform automatic  stripping as necessary.   0 ADD BATCH is a synonym for the ADD FILE command.   Command Parameters  	 filename  B 	is the name of a file to scan. The name may contain standard VMS H wildcard characters to specify a group of files, or may also be a comma  separated list of file names.    Command Qualifiers:    /ACCEPT  /ACCEPT  /NOACCEPT	Default M By default all items posted to Moderated  Newsgroups required an "Approved:"  O header line before local NEWS systems can accept the item. Without this header  H line the item is either junked (stored in newsgroup "junk") or rejected.  L /ACCEPT instructs the ADD FILE command to accept (on the local system only) , unapproved postings to moderated newsgroups.   /CREGRP  /CREGRP  /NOCREGRP	Default N The default action of the ADD command is to only accept items into newsgroups H which already exist on the system, rejecting all other newsgroups. This L qualifier directs NEWS to automatically create any new newsgroups which are M specified in the item headers which do not already exist on the local system.   M The reason for the default action of /NOCREGRP is that "checkgroups" control  O messages normally flow through the net, controlling which newsgroups are valid  O for a participating NEWS site. These control messages will auto-configure your  P node if you are receiving a network news feed. Note also that each newsgroup is M configured as a connected subnet of nodes which accept the newsgroup. If you  O attempt to join a newsgroup without a direct connection to the related subnet,  I than all local postings to the newsgroup in question will be rejected by  O adjacent nodes, and not reach the remainder of the newsgroup's readership. For  ' this reason /CREGRP is not recommended.    /DELETE  /DELETE  /NODELETE	Default M This qualifier directs NEWS to delete the input file after the contents have   been added to NEWS.    /DEFNEWSGROUP=newsgroup L The default newsgroup qualifier directs the NEWS parser to supply a default J newsgroup to scanned items other than the default newsgroup of junk. This P newsgroup default is only  used when the scanned item does not contain a header K line "Newsgroups: ...". This qualifier may be used when attempting to push  Q received personal mail items into newsgroups. The most common use is in the site  M distribution of mailing-lists. A "dummy" mail address is used to receive the  P mailing list, and the ADD command is used to push the extracted mail items into K a local newsgroup for local site distribution. (Note that this is slightly  O different than the /NEWSGROUP qualifier, which is used to override any scanned  P "Newsgroups: ..." line. The /NEWSGROUPS qualifier is the recommended  method of  pushing mail into NEWS.    /EXECUTE /NOEXECUTE	Default /EXECUTE=<execute-switch> N The standard for USENET news messages defines a number of 'control' messages, N designed to assist all sites in running a common set of newsgroups across the M USENET. Various control messages are designed to delete all occurrences of a  K particular newsgroup on all systems, create new newsgroups, or compare the  B 'standard' list of newsgroups against the local set of newsgroups.  K The default action of NEWS is to not to create or delete newsgroups - if a  O control message indicates that a newsgroup should be created or deleted, a DCL  H command file to perform the action is sent to the local mail address of I 'USENET'. (This action is acceptable within the relevant standard). This  9 corresponds to the default qualifier value of /NOEXECUTE.   K If /EXECUTE is specified without  any execute switch value specified, then  N newsgroup creation messages are executed immediately, without the requirement J for approval by the local news manager. In the case of newsgroup deletion P ("rmgroup" or a "checkgroups" message) the default action of /EXECUTE is to set P the newsgroups which are to be removed to a 1 week retention period. The action E can be manually selected by the qualifier setting of /EXECUTE=RETAIN.   N This default action of /EXECUTE may be modified by specifying /EXECUTE=LOCAL, L in which case any such newsgroups which are marked for deletion by incoming 3 control deletion messages are set to /LOCAL status.   K The last possible switch setting, /EXECUTE=DELETE, immediately deletes all  G newsgroups which as marked for deletion by incoming  control messages.    M In all cases a log of the actions performed will be posted to the local mail   address USENET.    /JUNK 
 /JUNK	Default  /NOJUNK P /JUNK  instructs the ADD FILE command to place any part of the input file which O cannot be correctly parsed, or any news item which is filtered by the NEWS.SYS  N file, or where there are no local newsgroups to hold the item, into the local L newsgroup ``junk''. This newsgroup is intended as a short-term storage area P where the items can be scanned, and the database altered if necessary to accept  such items.   Q /NOJUNK instructs the ADD FILE command to reject all items which cannot be added   to the local NEWS database.   
 /MODERATORO This qualifier allows a newsgroup Moderator to insert items into the moderated  G newsgroup (Using this qualifier it is not necessary to have local news  N management privileges, but the user MUST be the moderator of the newsgroup to O which the items will be added. This differs from the POST command in so far as  O the original submitter's address is preserved. This qualifier is documented in  4 more detail in the section on moderated newsgroups.    /NETFEED /NETFEED	Default
 /NONETFEEDJ The ADD command is commonly used to process a network feed of NEWS - this Q implies that the ADD FILE command should also generate the necessary batch files  P for subsequent transmission to any downstream sites. /NETFEED instructs the ADD P FILE command to use the information in the NEWS.SYS and NEWS.DISTRIBUTION files Q to generate the batch feed files as required. /NONETFEED bypasses the generation  % of a network feed in the ADD command.    /NEWSGROUP=newsgroupM This directs the NEWS parser to place all items into the nominated newsgroup  L (regardless of whether the item contains a "Newsgroups:" header line). This H qualifier is useful when converting messages from a mailing list into a  newsgroup:     	MAIL> set folder CMU_TCPIP   	MAIL> extract/all tcp.mail  	MAIL> delete/all  	MAIL> exit 	$ NEWS/NOSCREEN' 	NEWS> add file tcp.mail/news=anu.tcpip   
 /NOCONTROLK This qualifier directs the NEWS parser to ignore any directive that may be  # contained in "Control: .." headers.    /RETRYO When a network feed news item is rejected by the local node an attempt is made  Q to place the item into the "junk" newsgroup. This rejection may take place for a  P number of reasons, but the primary one is that the local filters (newsgroup and M distribution filters), as specified in the NEWS.SYS file, have rejected this  ) item.                                       M You may wish to make changes to the NEWS.SYS file and retry adding the item.  O Normally such an attempt would be rejected, as the Path: name now contains the  P local node name, and this is regarded as a loop in the news. /RETRY directs the N ADD command to ignore the Path: line when checking the news item for addition  into the local node.
 ADD MARKER    2 ADD MARKER places a mark on the current news item.   Format: 1     ADD MARKER  [marker-name    [item-number  ] ]   Q ADD MARKER places a mark against the current newsitem. This item can be selected  M at a later stage by the READ/MARK or SELECT/MARK commands, or printed by the   PRINT/MARK command.   L If no marker-name value is specified then the default mark value, "mark" is O used.  A marker name is a string (more usually a single user-defined word). If  J no item number is specified, the mark is placed against the current item. B Families of related items may be "marked" with the same mark name.  3 See Also:   MARK, UNMARK, CLEAR MARK, DELETE MARKER    Command Parameters:    marker-name P is a text string of the mark value. Any string may be specified as a mark value.   item-number P is specified to mark an item other than the current item.  The news item number  is used.
 ADD MEMBER    L ADD MEMBER is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. ADD MEMBER is not supported within * the diskless client execution environment.   Format:      ADD MEMBER username   I ADD MEMBER adds a new user to the membership list of a restricted access  N newsgroup. Membership of the newsgroup grants the username read access to the 4 newsgroup, and by default also grants write access.   Q The username may include wildcard characters (?,%,*) to include a set of related  O usernames, or may be an identifier name. If either of these specifications are  Q used it is advised not to include the /MAIL or /NODES parameters to the command.    L The newsgroup must have been set as a restricted access  newsgroup for this O command to be executed, and the user must be either the local News Manager, or  6 the moderator  or local supervisor of this newsgroup.    Command Parameters   usernameI is normally the name of an individual username, but an identifier may be  P specified instead, granting all users who own that identifier the access rights   associated with that identifier.   Command Qualifiers:    /MAIL=mail-addressQ Specifies a mail address for this member. The address format may be either a VMS  $ MAIL or an internet format address.      /PRIVILEGES=priv-list  Format: H     ADD MEMBER username /PRIVILEGES=(SUPERVISE    [, WRITE | NOWRITE]  )  ) Associates privileges with this username.   L SUPERVISE allows the user to delete any newsitem, add and delete members of E the restricted newsgroup and unconditionally write to the newsgroup.    N WRITE implies explicit WRITE access to the NEWSGROUP. This is the default for  all newsgroup members.  3 NOWRITE implies read-only access to this newsgroup.  ANSWER    > ANSWER is used to post a reply to a news item back into NEWS.    Format:      ANSWER [item-number ]   P The followup item posted by the ANSWER command will reference the news item you 2 are following up as the parent of the new posting.  - The command FOLLOWUP is equivalent to ANSWER.   N The editor is invoked to form the new posting, with the edit buffer preloaded N with the text of the original item. The default editor is the TPU editor, but Q this is user definable - see the section on customisation to specify a different   editor to use.  N NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and will prompt for all header P items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the newsgroups to post the  item into).   K If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated newsgroups, the posting is  P automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address, and NOT posted back  to NEWS.     See Also FOLLOWUP, REPLY, POST   Command Parameters   item-number O is the number of the item to which the response is directed. It no item-number  N is given as a command parameter, the current item is used as the basis of the  followup posting.    Command Qualifiers:    /EXTRACT /EXTRACT		DEFAULT 
 /NOEXTRACTP This qualifier causes NEWS to pre-load the edit buffer with the contents of the P posting to which the followup is addressed. The original posting is enclosed in  quotation characters     /HEADERS /HEADERS /NOHEADERS	DefaultJ Answer will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list of O newsgroups to post the item into. All other header lines of the news item text    will be filled with null values.  P The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components of the item  header. These fields are:   = Summary:   A one line summary of the contents of the posting.   K Reply-To:   The (internet) mail address for REPLYing to the item - used if  P replies are to be sent to a mail address OTHER than yourself (as the originator  of the item.  K Distribution:   A (comma separated) list of keywords designed to limit the  P distribution of a news item to a subset of the network. These keywords are site P specific, but commonly include the keyword "local" (do not forward to the net!).  N Followup-To:   The list of newsgroups where followup postings are to be sent. 7 This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.   J Keywords:   A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate to other # readers if the item is of interest.   N Expires:  A date to indicate the end of the useful life of the information in N the message. NEWS will reject expirations greater than 12 months as being too  outlandish.    /SELF 7 This directs NEWS to send a self copy through VMS MAIL.    /ROT13Q This qualifier directs NEWS to use the rot13 encryption algorithm on the body of   the text before posting. ATTACH       ATTACH to another VMS process    Format:      ATTACH  [process-name ]   I Attaches your terminal to the parent process, or a specified sub-process.    See Also  SPAWN    Command Parameters   process nameQ This command takes one optional parameter, a process-name. If no process-name is  I specified, the terminal is attached to the parent process of the current   process.   Command Qualifiers   /PARENT 9 Attach to the parent process which spawned the NEWS task.  BACK      , BACK reads the previous item in a newsgroup.  Q This command is equivalent to the command READ/BACK. The command may be modified  1 by specifying one of the parameters listed below.    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  Q default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical  N name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility with 9 previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.    /ROT13J 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts  the newsitem for display. 
 BACK REPLY      H BACK REPLY locates and displays the parent item of the current response.  O The command is equivalent to READ/PARENT, displaying the previous entry in the  - same conversation stream as the current item.    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  Q default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical  N name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility with 9 previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.    /ROT13J 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts  the newsitem for display. 	 BACK NOTE     ; BACK NOTE is a synonym for the BACK and READ/BACK commands.   % BACK/TOPIC is a synonym for BACK/NOTE    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  Q default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical  N name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility with 9 previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.    /ROT13J 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts  the newsitem for display.  BOTTOM    M BOTTOM sets the didplay (and the current pointer) to the base of the display.   Q This command shifts the current display to the base of the dicectory or text. In  O the case of newsgroup or newsitem directory screens the current pointer is set  " to the last item in the directory.  O This command is bound by default to the key GOLD DOWN-ARROW  (the key sequence   PF1, DOWN-ARROW).  CANCEL      / CANCEL  deletes the current newsitem from NEWS.   O This command inspects the address of the sender of the newsitem, and will only  O perform the deletion if the sender's address matches that of the user (i.e. if  * you were the original poster of the item).  I In the case that you are a local newsgroup supervisor or the newsgroup's  F moderator, or the local news manager, then you can CANCEL any posting 7 originating from the current node within the newsgroup.   L As well as deleting the local copy of the newsitem, a 'cancel' control news P message is sent through the news network to ensure that all copies of the item, 3 held on all connected NEWS nodes, are also deleted. 
 CLEAR KILL      ( CLEAR KILL  removes active kill filters.   Format:      CLEAR KILL   [tag ]   O CLEAR KILL removes the kill filters with the matching tag from the kill filter  I set. If no tag value is specified then ALL kill filters are cleared. The  O optional tag  command parameter is the name of the associated tag value of the   kill filter.  % See Also KILL, SHOW KILL, MODIFY KILL 
 CLEAR MARK    $ CLEAR MARK  removes news item marks.   Format:      CLEAR MARK [tag ]   P CLEAR MARK removes all marks of the specified tag from the mark list. If no tag P value is specified then ALL marks are cleared. Otherwise only the specified tag N value (a user supplied string value) is cleared. The wildcard character ('*') < can be used in the tag field to clear a set of related tags.  " See Also  ADD MARKER, MARK, UNMARK CLEAR MESSAGES    . CLEAR MESSAGES  clears the VMS message buffer.  N CLEAR MESSAGES clears the VMS message buffer. All terminal broadcast messages M are stored in this buffer if broadcast trapping is enabled. Additionally all  F NEWS informational and error messages are also placed in this buffer.    See Also  SHOW MESSAGES  CLOSE       N CLOSE closes the current newsgroup, and the display is reset to the directory  list of newsgroups.  COPY      H COPY is only supported if the current item is a personal mail item (See  OPEN/MAIL).   K Copy places a copy of the current mail item into the nominated mail folder.    Format:      COPY folder    Command Parameters   folderB is the name of the destination mail folder for the copy operation.
 CLOSE MAIL      L CLOSE MAIL  closes the open mail file, and removes the "private" newsgroups > which are associated with each folder of the user's mail file.  7 CLOSE/MAIL  is an alternate format of the same command.  COMPRESS      M COMPRESS  compresses your personal mail file. You must have opened your mail  F file within NEWS by the OPEN/MAIL command prior to using this command. CREATE NEWSGROUPS       N CREATE NEWSGROUPS is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.   I There are two equivalent commands to this command: CREATE CONFERENCE and   CREATE GROUPS.   Format:      CREATE NEWSGROUPS newsgroup     E CREATE NEWSGROUPS is used to create new newsgroups on the local node.   Q The Newsgroup parameter is the name of the newsgroup to create. If the newsgroup  P does not exist on the local node, then the user is prompted to confirm that the  newsgroup should be created.    M This parameter can also specify a comma separated list of newsgroup names to  Q create. In the case of a list of names the qualifiers used (if any) refer to ALL  H newsgroups in the list (positional qualifiers are NOT supported in this 
 release).    Command Qualifiers  	 /APPROVAL  /APPROVAL   Default  /NOAPPROVAL P Moderated newsgroups require an Approved: header in all postings in order to be N accepted by each local NEWS site. This approval requirement can be removed by 8 specifying the /NOAPPROVAL qualifier with the newsgroup.   /CONFIRM /CONFIRM   Default
 /NOCONFIRMO Normally NEWS will require confirmation in order to create new newsgroups. The  0 /NOCONFIRM qualifier overrides this requirement.   /HOLD=n O This qualifier specifies the retention period (in days) of the Newsgroup. This  Q retention period is defined as the period over which no new items were posted to  J the newsgroup, after which the newsgroup is automatically deleted. If not ? specified, the system default value (normally 60 days) is used.   N If the value /HOLD=* is used, the newsgroup will NOT be automatically deleted.   /IGNOREEXPIRES /IGNOREEXPIRES /NOIGNOREEXPIRES	DefaultP NEWS items may contain an optional Expires: header specifying the date that the Q item should be retained until. By default NEWS will accept the Expires: headers,  B with a maximum retention period of 1 year and a minimum of 3 days.  K The system default retention periods can override any Expires: header on a  @ newsgroup-by-newsgroup basis using the /IGNOREEXPIRES qualifier.   /ITEMHOLD=n M This qualifier specifies the default retention period (in days) of the items  H within this newsgroup. All news items will remain on the system for the I specified period, after which they will be automatically deleted. If not  Q specified the system default value (normally 14 days) is used. Note that the SET  N ITEM command can be used to alter the retention period for an individual news  item.   H If the value /ITEMHOLD=* is used, NO items within the newsgroup will be  automatically deleted.   /LOCALQ Newsgroups are defined by default to be Network newsgroups - A network newsgroup  L is created in response to a network-wide "newgroup" control message, and is I deleted in response to a network-wide "rmgroup" or "checkgroups" message.   Q Newsgroups which are local to a this site, or local to a domain within the wider  O network are created with the /LOCAL qualifier. This ensures that the newsgroup  4 will not be deleted by the network control messages.  	 /MAILLIST  /MAILLIST=address K This qualifier sets the newsgroup as a mailing list newsgroup.This is very  M similar to setting a moderated newsgroup with a number of alterations in the  N support of the newsgroup to act as an interface between the local news system  and a mailing list.   P The changes from the moderator model in order to support the mapping of mailing N lists into NEWS require the dropping of the Approval: item header requirement I for incoming items, and a forwarding of all local postings to the mapped  F newsgroup to the mailing list address without the normal NEWS headers.  H The address used with this qualifier is the address of the mailing list.   /MODERATOR=address /MODERATOR=address
 /MODERATOR /NOMODERATORJ This qualifier creates a moderated newsgroup. No user may post news items P directly into a moderated newsgroup (unless the user is the actual moderator of N the newsgroup). Any items posted into such newsgroups are redirected into the E mail systems, and are mailed directly to the moderator for approval.    A The moderator address should be specified in the internet format  K (user@node.site.domain) - not DECnet format (the translation from internet  M addresses to the equivalent DECnet addresses is handled internally by NEWS).    	 /RESTRICT M This qualifier creates a restricted newsgroup. A restricted newsgroup is one  Q where read and write access to the newsgroup is restricted to a specific list of  Q members. The membership of the newsgroup is determined by the ADD MEMBER, DELETE  # MEMBER and MODIFY MEMBER commands.     /TITLE="title-string" N Newsgroups may be created with a title string. This title is displayed in the O head of a newsgroup directory, and is intended as a (short) description of the  > newsgroup. The string length is restricted to 124 characters.    /WRITE /WRITE	Default /NOWRITEO By default all newsgroups are writeable by all users (there is a qualification  P to this assertion - a set of newsgroups can be setup as read-only by use of the J NEWS_NETPOST/NEWS_NONETPOST identifiers - the newsgroup set refers to the  /NOLOCAL newsgroups).   A A newsgroup can be setup as a read-only newsgroup by the command:   !     CREATE NEWSGROUP name/NOWRITE   Q Once a newsgroup has been set as /NOWRITE only those users with write permission  J can post to this newsgroup (see ADD MEMBER to grant write permission to a 
 username).   /SERVER=nodeO Newsgroups may be linked to a remote NEWSSERVER via the NNTP network protocol.  Q The presence of a remote server for a newsgroup implies that the local site need  Q not keep the text files of all items within a newsgroup on local storage -- when  Q a user on the local system reads an item, the remote server passes a copy of the   text on demand.   Q This configuration can be used to reduce the overall storage demands for NEWS if  K a number of NNTP-connected systems are all running NEWS. One system may be  Q nominated as the server for a number of client nodes, or a number of systems can  P be used to serve subsets of the total newsgroup set to the clients (i.e. a node J may be configured as a client for some newsgroups, and a server for other  newsgroups).  P This qualifier requires a node name as a value -- this name is the node name of  the remote server.  * /CACHE  				(/SERVER=node   required also) 	/CACHE	DEFAULT 	 	/CACHE=n 	 	/NOCACHE P The /CACHE qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier.  /CACHE  is the default value.   P If a newsgroup is served from a remote system, then it is not necessary to keep Q local copies of the text of news items for the retention period of the news item  L record - as the server node will retain all items for the full period. If a O newsitem is served from a remote system, and a local user requests to view the  N contents of that item, the server system copies the text of the item into the Q local user's scratch area. By default, a copy of this text is also placed in the  N local NEWS database, so that further requests to read the item do not need to  access the remote server.   P By default, the local text is deleted after 2 days, and any subsequent requests Q to view the text of the item will result in a remote server request for the item  J text. This text retention period can be set to n days using the /CACHE=n   qualifier value.    H This retention of the local copy can be inhibited by using the /NOCACHE O qualifier -- in such a case all requests to view the item will generate remote   server requests.    , /INQUIRE 				 (/SERVER=node   required also)N This command is used in the context of a client NEWS system adding newsgroups P into the client database to match those held by the client's server system. The O command allows the client system to import all, or a subset, of the newsgroups  K held on a news server node. The command requires the /SERVER and /PROTOCOL  I qualifiers as well (and if they are not specified, then the user will be    prompted to supply the values).   K The action of the command is to request the full list of newsgroups on the  P target server node. All newsgroups which do not already exist on the local node N are then created, subject to confirmation by the user for each new newsgroup. L The attributes of the created newsgroups are set to the server and protocol  values as given in the command.   N The newsgroup list specified in the command line is the pattern to match when Q looking for new newsgroups. The following examples illustrate the use of pattern   specification.    G To import all newsgroups defined on the node "unixnode", using the TCP    transport, the command would be:<    NEWS> CREATE NEWSGROUP */SERVE=unixnode/PROTO=TCP/INQUIRE  P To import all newsgroups within the tree "anu.*" from the node "vmsnode", using  DECnet: B    NEWS> CREATE NEWSGROUP anu.*/SERVE=vmsnode/PROTO=DECNET/INQUIRE  O /INQUIRE also supports an additional qualifier, "/SINCE=date", which restricts  P the search on the remote system to those newsgroups created since the specified  date.   4 /PROTOCOL=protocol  		(/SERVER=node   required also)O Specifies a protocol to be used to access the NNTP SERVER node. The values for  N this qualifier are DECNET, CMUTCP, WINTCP' or MULTINETTCP'. They indicate the N transport protocol used to carry the NNTP traffic between this client and the 
 server node.    ; /SINCE=date-time 			 (/SERVER=node/INQUIRE   required also) P This command is used in conjunction with the /INQUIRE qualifier to restrict the M search for new newsgroups on the server to those created since the specified   time.   * /UPDATE 				(/SERVER=node   required also) /UPDATE	Default 	 /NOUPDATE N This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier, and directs Q NEWS to load the created newsgroup with the contents of the NNTP server database   immediately.	 CROSSPOST       H CROSSPOST allows the user to copy an item from one newsgroup to another.  O CROSSPOST copies the current item into another newsgroup (or newsgroups). This  N is equivalent to the command sequence of EXTRACT followed by POST/NOEDIT. The N original headers of the item are re-edited by this command to record the user  performing the crosspost.   O The command will prompt for the target newsgroup to crosspost the current item   to.   O The command can also be used to transfer mail items into NEWS by selecting the  J mail item (after performing an OPEN/MAIL), then CROSSPOSTing this item to P newsgroups. The reverse is NOT possible - news items cannot be CROSSPOSTed into  private MAIL folder newsgroups. 
 DEFINE/KEY      2 DEFINE/KEY is used to make key / command bindings.   Format: +      DEFINE/KEY key-name equivalence-string   Q This command associates an equivalence string and a set of attributes with a key   on the terminal keyboard.    Command Parameters   key-nameQ The key-name  parameter specifies the name of the key that you are defining. The  P following table  gives  the  set of key  names  in  column  one.  The remaining K three columns indicate the key designations on the keyboards for the three  ? different types  of  terminals  that  allow  key  definitions.    Q NOTE: that the arrow keys and the PREV SCREEN and NEXT SCREEN keys should not be  - re-defined from their default defined values.    	Key-name	LK201	VT100-type	VT52    	PF1	PF1	PF1	[blue]  	PF2	PF2	PF2	[red]   	PF3	PF3	PF3	[gray] 	PF4	PF4	PF4	-& 	KP0,KP1...KP9	0,1...9	0,1...9	0,1...9  	PERIOD	.	.	.  	COMMA	,	,	n/a   	MINUS	-	-	n/a   	ENTER	Enter	ENTER	ENTER 
  	E1	Find	-	-   	E2	Insert Here	-	-  	E3	Remove	-	-   	E4	Select	-	-   	HELP	Help	-	-   	DO	Do	-	-   	F17...F20	F17...F20	-	-   Q The equivalence-string  specifies the string which is to be processed  when  you  K press  the key. If the string contains any spaces, enclose the equivalence   string in quotation marks.     Command Qualifiers   /ECHO R Determines whether or not the equivalence  string  is  displayed  on your screen  N after the key has been pressed.  The default is /ECHO. You cannot use /NOECHO   with the /NOTERMINATE qualifier.   /PROTECTP Determines whether or not the key definition can be changed or deleted once the 3 definition is performed. /NOPROTECT is the default.    /IF_STATE=(state-name,...)O Specifies a list of one or more states, one of which must be in effect for the  K key definition to be in effect. If you omit the /IF_STATE qualifier or use  J /NOIF_STATE, the current state is used. The state name is an alphanumeric L string. States are established with the /SET_STATE qualifier or the SET KEY N command. If you specify only one state name, you can omit the parentheses. By Q including several state names, you can define a key to have the same function in   all the specified states.    /LOCK_STATE P Specifies that the state set by the /SET_STATE qualifier remain in effect until M explicitly changed. If you use the /NOLOCK_STATE qualifier, the state set by  N /SET_STATE is in effect only for the next definable key that you press or for 2 the next read terminating character that you type.  N The default is /NOLOCK_STATE. The /LOCK_STATE qualifier can only be specified  with the /SET_STATE qualifier.   /SET_STATE=state-name M Causes the specified state-name to be set when the key is pressed. The state  $ name can be any alphanumeric string.  P If you omit the SET_STATE qualifier or use /NOSET_STATE, the current state that Q was locked remains in effect. If you have not included this qualifier with a key  H definition, you can use the SET KEY command to change the current state.  
 /TERMINATEL Specifies whether or not the current equivalence string is to be terminated Q (that is, processed) when the key is pressed. The default is /NOTERMINATE, which  K allows you to press other keys before the equivalence string is processed.  8 Pressing RETURN has the same effect as using /TERMINATE.  Q The /NOTERMINATE qualifier allows you to create key definitions that insert text  J into command lines, after prompts, or into other text that you are typing. DELETE      M DELETE is a NEWS MANAGER command. This command is not supported when running   NEWS as a diskless client.  Q DELETE is used to delete newsgroups and/or newsitems from the local database. If  O the screen is currently displaying the newsgroup directory, the DELETE command  O deletes the current newsgroup (DELETE NEWSGROUP). If the newsitem directory is  P displayed on the screen, DELETE removes the current newsitem (DELETE NEWSITEM).  DELETE ENTRY      ; DELETE ENTRY removes a newsgroup from a user-defined class.    Format:      DELETE ENTRY newsgroup  O DELETE ENTRY is a user command, used to change the membership of a user class.  O The newsgroup parameter is the name of the newsgroup to remove. This newsgroup  H is removed from the current class (or the class specified by the /CLASS 
 qualifier.  I To delete an entire class, use the value "*" for the newsgroup parameter.    Command Qualifiers   /CLASS=class-name > Specifies the class from which the newsgroup is to be removed.  L To remove a newsgroup from all classes use the value "*'' as the class-name  value.   DELETE NEWSGROUP      H DELETE NEWSGROUP is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. DELETE NEWSGROUPS is not < supported when NEWS is configured as a diskless NNTP client.   Format: $     DELETE NEWSGROUP  newsgroup-list  N This command deletes newsgroups from the local NEWS database. The command may P only be used by the local NEWS manager. Any newsitems held within the specified  newsgroups are also deleted.                           4 DELETE GROUPS may also be used to delete newsgroups.             L If no newsgroup names are specified, then the current newsgroup is deleted. P Otherwise the newsgroups are specified as a list of names, separated by commas. L The '*' wildcard character may also be used to specify a set of newsgroups.    Command Qualifiers     DELETE NEWSGROUP/CONFIRM  M This qualifier directs NEWS to prompt for confirmation for each newsgroup to  H delete. This value is on by default, and is removed by the "/NOCONFIRM"  qualifier.   DELETE NEWSITEM       L DELETE NEWSITEM is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.      Format: "     DELETE NEWSITEM  newsitem-list  3     DELETE NEWSITEM/IDENTIFIER="message-identifier"   N This command deletes newsitems from the current newsgroup from the local NEWS M database. The command may be used by the local NEWS manager, or by the local   supervisor of a newsgroup.  B DELETE ITEMS and DELETE NOTE may also be used to delete newsitems.  J By default the current newsitem is deleted. A list of note numbers may be P specified as a command parameter. The format of this list is a list of numbers, I and/or ranges (start # - end#), the keywords "first", "last", "all", "."  % (current item) and  "*" (all items).    M For example, to delete items 3 through to 10, 20 and 22 to 25 the command is:  	DELETE NEWSITEM 3-10,20,22-25  3 To delete all items in a newsgroup the  command is:  	DELETE NEWSITEM *   Command Qualifiers   /CONFIRMM This qualifier directs NEWS to prompt for confirmation for each newsgroup to  H delete. This value is on by default, and is removed by the "/NOCONFIRM"  qualifier.     /IDENTIFIER="message-id"Q The /IDENTIFIER qualifier is used to select a news item with a specified message  J identifier string. The format is  /IDENTIFIER="message-id". Note that the N identifier value includes the '<' and '>' characters. If /IDENTIFIER is used, D this excludes the use of a set of news item numbers in the command. 
 DELETE MARKER       ) DELETE MARKER removes a user marking tag.    Format:      DELETE MARKER [tag ]  O DELETE MARKER removes all marks of the specified tag from the mark list. If no  P tag value is specified then ALL marks are cleared. Otherwise only the specified Q tag value is cleared. The wildcard character ('*') can be used in the tag  field   to clear a set of related tags.   " See Also  CLEAR MARK, MARK, UNMARK
 DELETE MEMBER       O DELETE MEMBER is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when  " running NEWS as a diskless client.     Format:      DELETE MEMBER username  N This command deletes the specified username entry from the access list of the  current newsgroup.
 DEREGISTER      H DEREGISTER removes the current newsgroup from the user's registered set.   Format:      DEREGISTER  [newsgroup ]  K This command removes your registration from a newsgroup. The newsgroup may  M either be specified as a parameter to the command, or, if not specified, the  " current newsgroup is deregistered.  O The parameter to the command is the name of the newsgroup to deregister. If no  C newsgroup name is specified, the current newsgroup is deregistered.   5 See Also  REGISTER, DIR/REGISTER, DIR/NEW, SELECT/NEW    Command Qualifiers   /ALLB 	The /ALL qualifier removes registration tags from all newsgroups.	 DIRECTORY       O DIRECTORY displays a list of the local newsgroups, or a list of all news items   within the selected newsgroup.  K In screen mode this command is used to move between newsgroup and newsitem  Q displays, and also to select some subset of the full newsgroup set to display on   the screen.   Q In line mode, this command, by default lists all the news items in the currently  I selected newsgroup, on a page by page basis, displaying the item number,   creation date and item title.    Command Qualifiers   /ALLN This command resets the newsgroup directory to display all newsgroups held on  the local system.    /CLASS=class-name P Sets the current class to that specified by this qualifier. All other directory Q qualifiers listed here are prefixed by the condition that the newsgroups must be  L members of the current class. To remove a class selection condition use the  class name "*".    /ITEMSQ This opens the 'current' newsgroup and displays the newsitem for that newsgroup.  9 This command is equivalent to the basic 'SELECT' command.    /NEWG This command sets the newsgroup directory screen to only display those  N newsgroups in which you are registered, and there are unread newsitems within  those newsgroups.    /NEWSGROUPS O This command moves the context of NEWS to the newsgroup directory screen. This  1 command is equivalent to the 'NEWSGROUP' command.   	 /REGISTER G This command sets the newsgroup directory screen to only display those  ' newsgroups in which you are registered.    /RESETP This clears the internal memory copy of the NEWS database, and reads a new copy 8 of the database from the master index files into memory.  M This command is not normally used -- it is relevant only in those situations  Q where a background process is adding or deleting news items to the database, and  K the user encounters 'file not found' errors when attempting to access item   files.   /SINCE=date G This command sets the newsgroup directory screen to only display those  N newsgroups in which new items have been entered since the date specified. The 8 date is given in VMS time format: e.g. DIR/SINCE=22-FEB.  
 /UNREGISTERED G This command sets the newsgroup directory screen to only display those  + newsgroups in which you are not registered.  DISPLAY       K DISPLAY invokes the NEWS display routines to display the contents of a VMS   file.    Format:      DISPLAY filename    N Invokes the NEWS screen displayt routines to display a VMS file. On exit from P the display routines, NEWS is resumed. Any file may be specified to the command. DOWN      0 DOWN moves the selection cursor down the screen.   Format     DOWN [number ]  P In screen mode this moves the current pointer down one line. The command has an = optional numeric parameter, the number of lines to move down.   P If no number is specified, 1 is the default value. This command is bound to the L down arrow key on the terminal. The command 'DOWN 18' is bound to the 'next  screen' key in the terminal.   See Also  UP EDIT      + EDIT invokes the editor to edit a VMS file.    Format:      EDIT filename     Q Invokes the Editor to edit a VMS file. On exit from the editor, NEWS is resumed.  ) Any file may be specified to the command.  EXIT       EXIT from NEWS.   # Ctrl-Z is also interpreted as EXIT.   N On exit from NEWS a new register file is written out to SYS$LOGIN. This file, Q "newsrc", contains the list of registered newsgroups, read/unread newsitems, the  + marked item list and the kill filter lines.   O The context file is used to determine which news items are unread, and is also  Q used to re-establish context on the next invocation of NEWS. The next invocation  J of NEWS will restore the screen displays to the state at which the 'EXIT' N command was entered. On exit any pending print requests are released into the  print queues.   
 See Also QUIT  EXTRACT       H EXTRACT writes a NEWS item to a VMS text file. It is a synonym for SAVE.  Q EXTRACT is a synonym for SAVE. The parameters to the EXTRACT command are similar  N to that of the SAVE command, with the only difference being that the optional O output file name is specified to Extract as the first command parameter rather  L than as a qualifier. This command format is retained for compatability with  previous versions of NEWS.     Format: +     EXTRACT  [output-file   [item-range ] ]      Command Parameters   output-file * specifies the name of the file to save to.   Default value if not specified:   P The default value is to extract the item into the subdirectory [.NEWS-EXTRACTS] Q of the system login directory, and the filename is based on the newsgroup of the  : extracted item. The subdirectory is created automatically.  P e.g. Extracting items from the newgroup "news.software.anu-news" will append to  the output file   5 	SYS$LOGIN:[NEWS-EXTRACTS]NEWS_SOFTWARE_ANU-NEWS.LIS4     
 item-rangeP specifies the range of item numbers to save. The default is to save the current  item.    Command Qualifiers   /DIRECTORY=option O This qualifier modifies the EXTRACT command to extract into a file a directory  M listing of all newsgroups, or of all newsitems within a newsgroup instead of   printing a newsitem.    . The options available with this qualifier are:  L EXTRACT/DIRECTORY=NEWSGROUPS  prints a directory listing of all newsgroups. 6 GROUPS is an alternative option value for this action.  F EXTRACT/DIRECTORY=NEWSITEMS prints a directory listing of the current I newsgroup. ITEMS and NOTES are alternative option values for this action.    /NEWSGROUPS=(group-list ) N Specifies the newsgroups for which the directory mode is to apply. By default  the current newsgroup is used.       /ALLM Specifies that all items in the current newsgroup are to be extracted to the   specified file.    /APPEND K Appends the items to the specified file. If the file does not exist, it is  I created. /APPEND is the efault value if no output file is specified, and  7 /NODEFAULT is the default is an explicit name is given. 	            /AUTHOR=mailaddress P Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from the N specified mail address are to be saved. This qualifier is a synonym for /FROM.   /BEFORE=date-time I Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  5 postmarked before the specified date are to be saved.    /FROM=mailaddress P Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from the P specified mail address are to be saved. This qualifier is a synonym for /AUTHOR.   /HEADER  	/HEADER	Default
 	/NOHEADERH 	Specifies whether or not to include the full item headers in the saved  text.    /MARKER [=(tag-list ) ] F 	Specifies that only those items marked with one of the specified tag  values are to be saved.    /ROT133 Applys ROT13 encryption to the extracted item body.    /SEEN ! Marks the extracted item as seen.    /SINCE=date-timeJ 	Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range) 8 postmarked after the specified date are to be extracted.   /SUBJECT="string "I 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which  O contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier is a   synonym for /TITLE.    /TITLE="string "I 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which  O contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier is a   synonym for /SUBJECT.    /UNREAD I 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which  < have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN.   /UNSEEN I 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which  < have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN. FILE      H FILE is only supported if the current item is a personal mail item (See ' OPEN/MAIL). MOVE is a synomyn for FILE.   A FILE shifts the current mail item into the nominated mail folder.    Format:      FILE folder    Command Parameters   folderB is the name of the destination mail folder for the copy operation. FOLLOWUP      @ FOLLOWUP is used to post a reply to a news item back into NEWS.    Format:      FOLLOWUP [item-number ]   N The followup item posted by the FOLLOWUP command will reference the news item 6 you are following up as the parent of the new posting.  - The command ANSWER is equivalent to FOLLOWUP.   N The editor is invoked to form the new posting, with the edit buffer preloaded N with the text of the original item. The default editor is the TPU editor, but Q this is user definable - see the section on customisation to specify a different   editor to use.  N NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and will prompt for all header P items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the newsgroups to post the  item into).                      K If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated newsgroups, the posting is  P automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address, and NOT posted back  to NEWS.     See Also ANSWER, REPLY, POST   Command Parameters   item-number O is the number of the item to which the response is directed. It no item-number  N is given as a command parameter, the current item is used as the basis of the  followup posting.    Command Qualifiers:    /EXTRACT /EXTRACT		DEFAULT 
 /NOEXTRACTP This qualifier causes NEWS to pre-load the edit buffer with the contents of the P posting to which the followup is addressed. The original posting is enclosed in  quotation characters     /HEADERSJ Answer will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list of O newsgroups to post the item into. All other header lines of the news item text    will be filled with null values.  P The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components of the item  header. These fields are:   = Summary:   A one line summary of the contents of the posting.   K Reply-To:   The (internet) mail address for REPLYing to the item - used if  P replies are to be sent to a mail address OTHER than yourself (as the originator  of the item.  K Distribution:   A (comma separated) list of keywords designed to limit the  P distribution of a news item to a subset of the network. These keywords are site P specific, but commonly include the keyword "local" (do not forward to the net!).  N Followup-To:   The list of newsgroups where followup postings are to be sent. 7 This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.   J Keywords:   A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate to other # readers if the item is of interest.   N Expires:  A date to indicate the end of the useful life of the information in N the message. NEWS will reject expirations greater than 12 months as being too  outlandish.    /SELF 7 This directs NEWS to send a self copy through VMS MAIL.    /ROT13Q This qualifier directs NEWS to use the rot13 encryption algorithm on the body of   the text before posting. FORWARD       N FORWARD invokes VMS MAIL, to send a copy of the current news item via mail to  another user.     FORWARD and MAIL are equivalent.  
 See Also MAIL    Command Qualifiers   /HEADERSO By default the news item header lines are stripped off the item text before it  N is mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail buffer as  well as the body of the text.    /MEMBERSD If the newsgroup is restricted to a set of members, then specifying H FORWARD/MEMBERS, personal mail is sent to all members of the restricted 
 newsgroup.   /NOEDIT K By default, FORWARD invokes the editor to allow the item text to be edited  J before mailing the item. This qualifier sends the news text to the mailer N without modification. The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this is : user definable - see the chapter on customisation of NEWS.   /SELF O Sends a copy of the message back to yourself, as well as those on the /TO list.    /SUBJECT="subject " N Specifies  the  subject  of  the message for the heading. If the qualifier is ; not specified, the user is prompted for the /SUBJECT value.    /TO=userO Specifies the address of the users to receive the mail. The address format may    be either local VMS Mail format:G 	user ::node   or  protocol_handler%"protocol_specific_address_string "  or Internet format::' 	user@fully_domain_qualified_node_name  O The user address may be a single address, or a list of users. Note that if you  N specify a reference to a distribution list, the distribution list should only P include VMS Mail format addresses. If this qualifier is not specified, the user  is prompted for the /TO value. HELP      * HELP invokes the interactive help display.    P This command invokes the VMS help processor, with the NEWS help library loaded. O The  command  can  be  used  with additional command parameters to specify the  2 NEWS command on which you want the help displayed. KILL      K KILL  allows the user to filter out all messages of a particular type from   being displayed.  N KILL filters are used in conjunction with processing of the READ/NEW command, J allowing user-specified types of items to be automatically marked as seen Q without displaying the item text, and causing the READ/NEW process to search for  O the next unseen item. This enables the user to skip messages whose subject, or  ' sender, are of no particular interest.    N The KILL filter works on four possible attributes of an item for a match with  the filters: 	the newsgroup name, 	the subject line, 	the sender's address, and$ 	any other single item header line.   I Of these attributes, only the newsgroup name and a minimum of one of the  N remaining three filters need be specified. If more than one item attribute is Q specified then the logical AND of the filters is the result of the filter). Thus  P it is possible to filter all postings by a particular sender in all newsgroups, K or filter a conversation stream from a particular newsgroup, or filter all  J postings from a particular sender within a specified conversation stream.   P The KILL command adds entries to the kill filter list. Removing kill filters is M performed by the CLEAR KILL command, and existing kill filters can be edited   using the MODIFY KILL command.    Q The KILL command has three qualifiers: /SUBJECT, /FROM and /HEADER. The /SUBJECT  Q qualifier directs NEWS to add the current item's subject line to the kill filter  N set, and the /FROM directs NEWS to add the current item's "From:" line to the L kill filter set. The /HEADER qualifier takes a text pattern as a value, and N matches the pattern against a header line. This header line value is taken as  the filter value.   Q The command will then prompt for the set of newsgroups to which this filter will  P be applied. The default value is the current newsgroup, however more newsgroups H may be specified using wildcard notation ('*') or a list of newsgroups.   + See Also SHOW KILL, MODIFY KILL, CLEAR KILL    Command Qualifiers   /FROM < Add the current item's From: address to the kill filter set.   /SUBJECT; Add the current item's Subject line to the kill filter set.    /HEADER="text " O The /HEADER qualifier takes a text pattern as a value, and matches the pattern  Q against a header line. This header line value is taken as the filter value.  For  Q example, to kill all items with the same set of keywords as the current item the   command would be:  		KILL/HEADER="keywords:"   O This command will read the current item, extract the keywords header line, and   use this line as a kill filter.  LAST      6 LAST  displays the last item in the current newsgroup.  P If the screen is currently at the newsgroup level, LAST will select (and  open) K the last newsgroup in the displayed set. This is equivalent to the command  & seuqence "BOTTOM" followed by "OPEN".   M If the screen is currently as the newsitem level, LAST will display the last  L message in the current newsgroup. In this case the command is equivalent to C "READ *", displaying the next item in the currently open newsgroup.    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  Q default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical  N name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility with 9 previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.    /ROT13J 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts  the newsitem for display.  MAIL      K MAIL invokes VMS MAIL, to send a copy of the current news item via mail to   another user.   ( FORWARD and MAIL are equivalent commands   See Also REPLY   Command Qualifiers   /TO=userO Specifies the address of the users to receive the mail. The address format may    be either local VMS Mail format:G 	user ::node   or  protocol_handler%"protocol_specific_address_string "  or Internet format::' 	user@fully_domain_qualified_node_name  O The user address may be a single address, or a list of users. Note that if you  N specify a reference to a distribution list, the distribution list should only P include VMS Mail format addresses. If this qualifier is not specified, the user  is prompted for the /TO value.   /SUBJECT="subject " N Specifies  the  subject  of  the message for the heading. If the qualifier is ; not specified, the user is prompted for the /SUBJECT value.    /NOEDIT O By default, NEWS invokes the editor to allow the item text to be edited before  K mailing the item. This qualifier sends the news text to the mailer without  K modification. The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this is user  5 definable - see the chapter on customisation of NEWS.    /SELF O Sends a copy of the message back to yourself, as well as those on the /TO list.                   /HEADERSO By default the news item header lines are stripped off the item text before it  N is mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail buffer as  well as the body of the text.  MARK      5 MARK  records a user marker against the current item.    Format:      MARK [tag ] [item-number ]  P MARK places a mark against the current newsitem. This item can be selected at a 5 later stage by the READ/MARK or SELECT/MARK commands.   Q If no tag value is specified then the default tag, "mark" is used. Any tag value  N may be specified - tag values are words (no space characters) of less than 80  characters in length.   N If an item number is specified then the specified item is marked, rather than   the default of the current item.   See Also  UNMARK, CLEAR MARK MODIFY ENTRY      O MODIFY ENTRY alters the user-defined classes to which the current newsgroup is  	 assigned.    Format: .     MODIFY ENTRY newsgroup/CLASS=(class-list )     Command Qualifiers   /CLASSES=(class-list) M Specifies a new list of classes to which the specified newsgroup is assigned.  MODIFY KILL       < MODIFY KILL  allows editing of currently active kill filters   Format:      MODIFY KILL tag   P MODIFY kill allows existing kill filters to be edited. The kill filter with the M nominated tag is displayed, then each of the four filter attributes (sender,  M subject, newsgroup and header line pattern) can be edited (using the command   line editor functions).                        > If all four attributes are cleared then the filter is deleted.  & See Also   KILL, SHOW KILL, CLEAR KILL
 MODIFY MEMBER       K MODIFY MEMBER  is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported  ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.      Format:      MODIFY MEMBER username  O This command allows a newsgroup moderator, or the local NEWS manager to modify  : an entry in the membership list of a restricted newsgroup.   Command Qualifiers   /MAIL="mail-address " / Sets or changes the e-mail address of the user.    /NAME=new-username# Modifies the username of the entry.    /PRIVILEGES=(new-priv-list )N Sets the user's newsgroup-privileges to the specified values. The values are: N SUPERVISE (grant local supervision privilege), WRITE (allow write access to a ? write-protected newsgroup) and NOWRITE (disallow write access).  MOVE      H MOVE is only supported if the current item is a personal mail item (See ' OPEN/MAIL). FILE is a synomyn for MOVE.   A MOVE shifts the current mail item into the nominated mail folder.    Format:      MOVE folder    Command Parameters   folderB is the name of the destination mail folder for the copy operation.
 NEWSGROUPS      - NEWSGROUPS  displays the newsgroup directory.   K In screen mode this pops the display stack back to the newsgroup directory  Q screen from the newsitem or news text display screens. This command is a synonym    of the 'DIR/NEWSGROUPS' command. NEXT      6 NEXT  displays the next item in the current newsgroup.  H The command is equivalent to READ/NEXT, displaying the next item in the  currently open newsgroup.   G The commands NEXT NOTE and NEXT TOPIC are synonyms for the command NEXT    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  Q default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical  N name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility with 9 previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.    /ROT13J 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts  the newsitem for display. 
 NEXT REPLY      L NEXT REPLY  displays the next item in the current newsgroup within the same ( conversation stream as the current item.  L The command is equivalent to READ/FOLLOWUP, displaying the next item in the # currently open conversation stream.    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  Q default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical  N name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility with 9 previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.    /ROT13J 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts  the newsitem for display.  NEXT UNSEEN       D NEXT UNSEEN  displays the next unseen item in the current newsgroup.  & The command is equivalent to READ/NEW.   Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  Q default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical  N name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility with 9 previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.    /ROT13J 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts  the newsitem for display.  NOSCREEN      = NOSCREEN  turns off screen mode and enters line command mode.    See Also SCREEN  OPEN      M OPEN selects the current newsgroup and displays a directory of items held in   the newsgroup.   Format:      OPEN [newsgroup ]   O OPEN changes newsgroup context to the nominated newsgroup.  If no newsgroup is  L given, the command selects the 'current' newsgroup. Otherwise the specified E newsgroup is opened. For example, "OPEN test" opens newsgroup 'test'.    Command Qualifiers   /NEWI This qualifier is used to  select  the  next registered  newsgroup which  Q contains unseen news items. If the current newsgroup contains unread items, then   no action is performed.    /MAIL P This qualifier directs NEWS to read your personal mail file and create a set of Q private newsgroups which correspond to each of the folders in your mail file, of  Q the form "username.mail.foldername". This allow you to use the NEWS interface to  P read, reply and maintain your personal mail. As well as the NEWS commands there L are a number of additional commands specifically referring to mail folders: * CLOSE/MAIL, MOVE and FILE, COPY and PURGE.  1 The command OPEN MAIL is equivalent to OPEN/MAIL.   	 /MARK=tag Q This command moves the current item pointer to the NEXT newsitem marked with the  Q specified tag value. If no tag value is specified than the next item marked with   any tag is used. POST      3 POST  allows the user to post a new item into NEWS.    Format:      POST [filename ]  J POST is used to post a new news item into NEWS. By default, the editor is M invoked to form the new posting. The default editor is TPU, but this is user  N definable - see the chapter on customisation to specify a different editor to  use.  N NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and will prompt for all header P items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the newsgroups to post the  item into).   K If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated newsgroups, the posting is  K automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address, and NOT posted   directly to NEWS.   P If a filename is specified, the editor is loaded with the text of the specified ; file, otherwise the editor is invoked to create a new file.   # See Also   FOLLOWUP, REPLY, FORWARD    Command Qualifiers   /EDIT Q The default action is to call the editor to create the posting. If you specify a  P file as a parameter to the POST command, and also specify the qualifier /NOEDIT   , no call is made to the editor.   /CONTROL="string" M /CONTROL is a NEWS Manager privileged qualifier. The string specified as the  Q value of this qualifier is inserted into the posting as a "Control:" header line  
 argument.    /HEADERSH Post will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list of O newsgroups to post the item into. All other header lines of the news item text  # will be filled with default values.   P The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components of the item  header. These fields are: = Summary:   A one line summary of the contents of the posting.   K Reply-To:   The (internet) mail address for REPLYing to the item - used if  P replies are to be sent to a mail address OTHER than yourself (as the originator  of the item.  K Distribution:   A (comma separated) list of keywords designed to limit the  P distribution of a news item to a subset of the network. These keywords are site P specific, but commonly include the keyword "local" (do not forward to the net!).  N Followup-To:   The list of newsgroups where followup postings are to be sent. 7 This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.   J Keywords:   A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate to other # readers if the item is of interest.   N Expires:  A date to indicate the end of the useful life of the information in N the message. NEWS will reject expirations greater than 12 months as being too  outlandish.    /NEWSGROUPS =newsgroup-list P This qualifier specifies the list of newsgroups to receive the posting. If this O qualifier value is not specified, the user is prompted for the newsgroups. The  2 list is a comma separated list of newsgroup names.   /ROT13I 	Specifies that the body of the posting will be encrypted using ROT13 on   posting to NEWS.   /SELF : A copy of your posting is mailed to yourself via VMS MAIL.   /SUBJECT="subject-string "P Specifies  the  subject  of  the message for the heading. If not specified, the ( user is prompted for the /SUBJECT value. PRINT       6 PRINT submits selected newsitems to a VMS print queue.   Format:      PRINT [item-range ]   O By default the print job is only submitted at the end of the NEWS session, but  P this can be altered, by specifying the /NOWAIT qualifier, to an immediate print  job submission.   M If no item-range is specified the current newsitem is submitted for printing.   H There are three qualifier sets: qualifiers which affect the print mode, P qualifiers which select the items and their print formats, and the standard VMS  print job qualifiers.   P Print mode is by default to print newsitem contents (item mode). The /DIRECTORY Q qualifier is used to select directory mode, where NEWS directory listings may be   printed.  Q If the item mode is used then the default is to print the current newsitem. This  P behaviour may be altered by selecting a range of items, with selection criteria  also applied by qualifiers.    Command Parameters  
 item-rangeO Specifies one or more items to be printed. The item-spec is the item number in  P the current newsgroup. If you  specify  two  or more  items,  separate the item N numbers with either commas or plus signs.  The PRINT command concatenates the O items into a  single print  job  and by default, gives the job the name of the   first file specified.   O A range of items can be specified by separating the start and end numbers by a  H minus. All items within the current newsgroup can be specified by a '*'.  L For example, to print items 3 through to 10, 20 and 22 to 25 the command is: 	PRINT 3-10,20,22-25     Command Qualifiers   /WAIT 
 /WAIT	Default  /NOWAIT L Specifies whether the job is to be submitted at the end of the current NEWS 1 session (/WAIT) or printed immediately (/NOWAIT).       & /DIRECTORY=option     [mode qualifier]N This qualifier modifies the PRINT command to print a directory listing of all I newsgroups, or of all newsitems within a newsgroup instead of printing a  
 newsitem.   . The options available with this qualifier are:  J PRINT/DIRECTORY=NEWSGROUPS  prints a directory listing of all newsgroups. 6 GROUPS is an alternative option value for this action.  O PRINT/DIRECTORY=NEWSITEMS prints a directory listing of the current newsgroup.  > ITEMS and NOTES are alternative option values for this action.  7 /NEWSGROUPS=(group-list )    [directory mode qualifier] N Specifies the newsgroups for which the directory mode is to apply. By default  the current newsgroup is used.      # /ALL      			[item mode qualifier]  > Selects all news items in the current newsgroup for printing.   - /AUTHOR=mailaddress   	[item mode qualifier]  P Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from the P specified mail address are to be printed. This qualifier is a synonym for /FROM.  * /BEFORE=date-time 		[item mode qualifier] I Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  7 postmarked before the specified date are to be printed.   ' /CONFIRM       		[item mode qualifier]   /CONFIRM /NOCONFIRM	DefaultN As with the normal VMS /CONFIRM qualifier semantics, this qualifier  controls Q whether a user confirmation request is issued before each individual  item print  J operation  to confirm that the operation should be performed on that item.  O When the system  issues  the  prompt,  you  can  issue  any  of  the following  
 responses:   	YES		NO		QUIT 	TRUE	FALSE	<CTRL/Z> 	1		0  			<RET> 	ALL  Q You can use any combination of upper- and lowercase letters for word responses.   Q Word responses can be abbreviated to one or more letters (for example, T, TR, or  P TRU for TRUE).  Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE, and 1.  Negative answers are J NO, FALSE, 0, and <RET>.  QUIT or CTRL/Z indicates that you want to stop  M processing  the  command  at that  point.   When  you  respond with ALL, the  Q command continues to process, but no further prompts are given.  If you type  a   J response other than one of those in the list, the prompt will be reissued.  , /FROM=mailaddress    	[item mode qualifier] P Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from the J specified mail address are to be printed. This qualifier is a synonym for  /AUTHOR.  # /HEADER  	 		[item mode qualifier]   	/HEADER	Default 	/NOHEADER      N Specifies whether or not to include the full item headers in the printed text.  1 /MARKER [ =(tag-list ) ]  	[item mode qualifier]  P Specifies that only those items marked with one of the specified tag values are  to be printed.  $ /SEEN      			[item mode qualifier]  Marks the printed item as seen.   , /SINCE=date-time    		[item mode qualifier] I Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  Q postmarked after the specified date are to be printed. You can specify either an  P absolute time or a combination of absolute and delta times. You  can  also use  0 the  keywords  TODAY,  TOMORROW,  and YESTERDAY.  . /SUBJECT="string "     	[item mode qualifier] N Print only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which contain O the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier is a synonym   for /TITLE.   - /TITLE="string "     		[item mode qualifier]  N Print only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which contain O the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier is a synonym  
 for /SUBJECT.   % /UNREAD      		[item mode qualifier]  O Print only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which have not  3 been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN.   % /UNSEEN      		[item mode qualifier]  O Print only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which have not  3 been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNREAD.           * /AFTER=date-time    	[VMS print qualifier] /AFTER=time  /NOAFTERP Requests that the job will be held in the print queue until after the specified O time. You can specify either an absolute time or a combination of absolute and  N delta times. If the specified time has already passed,  the  job  is  queued   for printing immediately.   + /BURST= {ALL | ONE } 	[VMS print qualifier] 
 /BURST=ALL
 /BURST=ONE /NOBURSTK Controls whether a burst page is printed preceding a file.  A  burst page   N precedes  a  flag  page  and  contains  the  same information. However, it is N printed over the perforation between the  burst  page and the flag page.  The P printing on the perforation makes it easy to see where individual print jobs or 2 individual files within a  single print job begin.  E When you specify /BURST, you need not specify  /FLAG;  a  flag  page  # automatically follows a burst page.   P If the /BURST qualifier  can take either of two keywords:  ALL or ONE.  The ALL M keyword indicates that each file in the  job  will  be preceded  by  a burst  Q page and flag page.  The ONE keyword indicates that a burst page will apply only  3 to the first  copy  of  the  first file in the job.   N Use the /[NO]BURST qualifier to  override  the  installation-defined defaults 7 that have been set for the printer queue you are using.   F /CHARACTERISTICS=(charactistic-values  [,...] ) 	[VMS print qualifier]Q Specifies one or more characteristics desired for printing the files. If   you    H specify   only  one  characteristic,  you  can  omit  the parentheses.  H Characteristics can refer to such things as  colour  of ink.  Codes for M characteristics can be either names or values from 0 to   127   and   are     N installation-defined.     Use    the    SHOW QUEUE/CHARACTERISTICS command to L see which characteristics have been defined for your system.  Use the SHOW  Q QUEUE/FULL  command  to  see which characteristics are available on a particular   queue.  E A  print  job  can  execute  on  a  printer  queue  only   if   each  N characteristic  specified  with  the PRINT command is also specified for that P particular printer queue.  If you specify a  characteristic that  has  not been J specified for that particular printer queue, the job remains in a pending P status.  (In order for your job  to  print, the  system  manager  should  stop  N the queue, physically change the characteristics of the printer, and restart  F the  queue,  specifying the new values listed in the /CHARACTERISTICS  qualifier.)   N Specification of a characteristic  for  a  printer  queue  does  not prevent  E jobs  that  do  not  specify that characteristic from being executed.   ' /COPIES=n       		[VMS print qualifier] F 	Specifies the number of copies of each item to be printed (from 1 to  255).   $ /FEED       			[VMS print qualifier] /FEED (default)  /NOFEED N Controls whether the PRINT command automatically inserts form  feeds when  it Q nears the end of a page.  Use of the /FEED qualifier causes the PRINT command to  Q insert a form feed when the printer reaches the bottom  margin  of  the  form.    K The number of lines per form can be reset by the /FORM qualifier.  You can  Q suppress this automatic  form feed  (without affecting any of the other carriage  D control functions that are in place) by using the /NOFEED qualifier.  E The   /[NO]FEED   qualifier   may   be   used   to   override    the  O installation-defined  defaults  that  have  been set for the printer queue you  
 are using.  , /FLAG= { ALL | ONE }  	[VMS print qualifier]	 /FLAG=ALL 	 /FLAG=ONE  /NOFLAG J Controls whether a flag page is printed preceding a file.  The  flag page L contains the name of the user submitting the job, the job entry number, and / other information about the file being printed.   L The /FLAG qualifier  can take either of two keywords:  ALL or ONE.  The ALL Q keyword indicates that each file in the  job  will  be preceded by a flag page.   P The ONE keyword indicates that a flag page will apply only to the first copy of  the first file in the job.  N Use the /[NO]FLAG qualifier  to  override  the  installation-defined defaults 7 that have been set for the printer queue you are using.   ' /FORM=form      		[VMS print qualifier] I Specifies the name or number of the form that you want for the print job.   P Specify the form type using a numeric value  or  alphanumeric  name. Form types O can refer to the print image width and length or the type of paper.  Codes for  P form types are installation-defined.   You  can use the SHOW QUEUE/FORM command R to find out the form types available for your system.   Use the  SHOW QUEUE/FULL  L command to find out the name of the mounted form and the default form for a  particular queue.   J If you specify a form whose stock is different from the stock of the form P mounted on the  queue,  your job is placed  in a  pending state until the stock M of the mounted  form of  the  queue is set  equal to the stock of  the form   P associated with the job.  (In  order to have your job print, the system manager P should stop the queue, physically change the paper stock on the output device,  I and restart  the queue specifying the new form type as the mounted form.)   # /HOLD      			[VMS print qualifier] D 	HOLD the request in the print queue until manually released with a I /RELEASE or /NOHOLD qualifier specified with the SET QUEUE/ENTRY command.   ( /JOBCOUNT=n      		[VMS print qualifier]H 	Specifies the number of repeat prints of the job. The maximum value is 2 255 and the default value for this parameter is 1.  ' /LOWERCASE      		[VMS print qualifier] D 	Specifies that the job is to be printed on a dual case printer. By P default the print job may be queued to an uppercase only printer and printed in K uppercase. /LOWERCASE forces the job to be printed on a lowercase printer..   * /NAME=job-name      	[VMS print qualifier]O Specifies a job name for the submitted print job. The qualifier defines a name  G string to identify the job. The name string can  have from  1  to  39   K characters.  The job name is used in the SHOW QUEUE command display and is  L printed on the flag page for the job. If you do not specify /NAME, the name K string defaults  to  the  file name of the first, or only, file in the job.   , /NOTE="job-note "     	[VMS print qualifier]Q Attaches a note to the submitted print job. This allows you to specify a message  J to appear on the flag  page for the job. The string can contain up to 255  characters.   % /NOTIFY     	 		[VMS print qualifier] G 	Requests VMS to broadcast a message to all terminals at which you are  ? loggerd in notifying you when the print job has been completed.   3 /OPERATOR="operator request "	[VMS print qualifier] I 	Tags the print job with an operator request. This allows you to specify  N a message to be sent to the  operator. The string  can  contain  up  to  255  L characters. When the job begins execution, the printer queue pauses and the ' message is transmitted to the operator.   0 /PARAMETERS=(param-list ) 	[VMS print qualifier]P Specifies job print parameters. There are from one to eight optional parameters N to be passed to the job.  Each parameter can include up to 255 characters. If Q you specify only one parameter, you can omit the parentheses. The commas delimit  P individual parameters.  To  specify  a  parameter that  contains  any  special  D characters  or delimiters, enclose the parameter in quotation marks.  & /PASSALL       		[VMS print qualifier]F 	Specifies whether the job is to be printed in "raw" mode. In PASSALL N mode the symbiont bypasses all formatting and sends the output IO call to the N print driver with format suppressed.  All qualifiers affecting formatting, as O well as the   /HEADER,   /PAGES,   and /PAGE_SETUP qualifiers, will be ignored.   . /PRIORITY=priority      	[VMS print qualifier]G 	Specifies the print job priority. The priority value must be in  the   P range  of 0 through 255, where 0 is the lowest priority and 255 is the highest. Q You need VMS privileges OPER or ALTPRI to specify a value higher than the SYSGEN  L parameter MAXQUEPRI (which may or may not be greater than the default print 9 priority as specified by the SYSGEN parameter DEFQUEPRI).   . /QUEUE=queue-name       	[VMS print qualifier]F 	Specifies a print queue other than the default queue, SYS$PRINT, for 	 printing.     /RESTART			[VMS print qualifier] /RESTART (default)
 /NORESTARTL Specifies whether the job can restart after a crash or a STOP/QUEUE/REQUEUE  command.  0 /SETUP=setup-modules      	[VMS print qualifier]H Specifies setup modules for the print job. This qualifier calls for the P specified modules to be extracted from  the  device control  library and copied O to the printer before a file is printed. By default, no device control modules   are copied.   Q Note that the module names are not checked for  validity  until  the time  that   O the file is actually printed.  Therefore, PRINT/SETUP is susceptible to typing  L errors and other mistakes, and is  recommended only for experimental setups.  # /SPACE     			[VMS print qualifier]  /SPACE /NOSPACE 	Default O Controls whether output is to  be  double-spaced.   The  default  is /NOSPACE,  & which results in single-spaced output.  , /TRAILER= { ALL |ONE }	[VMS print qualifier] /TRAILER=ALL /TRAILER=ONE
 /NOTRAILERK Controls whether a trailer page is printed at the  end  of  a  file. The    Q trailer  page  displays  the  job  entry  number  as  well  as information about  ; the user submitting the job and  the  files  being printed.   N The /TRAILER qualifier  can take either of two keywords: ALL or ONE.  The ALL O keyword indicates that each  file  in  the  job will  be preceded by a trailer  Q page.  The ONE keyword indicates that a trailer page will apply only to the last  " copy of the last file  in the job.  N Use the /[NO]TRAILER qualifier to override the  installation-defined defaults 7 that have been set for the printer queue you are using.   = pecifies whether a trailer page is to be printed for the job.  PURGE       L PURGE empties your mail wastbasket, if you have opened your mailfile within  NEWS. (see OPEN/MAIL).   Command Qualifiers   /RECLAIM5 Force mail to reclaim buckets in the mail index file.   " /STATISTICS   (used with /RECLAIM)< Display statistics of reclaimed buckets in the indexed file. QUIT      N QUIT exits from news without updating the user's news register file. Thus, no Q changes are made to the set of unread items, nor are any changes made to the set  ? of marked news items (this is a more graceful means of Ctrl-Y).    See Also  EXIT READ      ) READ displays the contents of news items.    Format:  	READ newsitem_number   G By default this command reads the next item from the current selected   < newsgroup, and displays the item on the screen page-by-page.  N The actions of READ can be modified by giving a Newsitem  number,  which will  display that item.   Command Parameters              newsitem_number N This parameter may be either the number of a news item, a '.' (to re-read the P most recently displayed item from the start), or  '*'  (to  read  the last item  in the group).   Command Qualifiers   /BACK N This qualifier is equivalent to the /LAST qualifier. When reading a news item M this command causes the remainder of the text display to be skipped, and the   previous item to be displayed.   /EDITOR O This qualifier will use an editor in read-only mode to view the newsitem. This  O is  useful when it is required to scroll up and down through the item text, or  N extract a part of the text into a file. The default editor is the TPU editor, F but this is user definable - see the chapter on customisation of NEWS.  	 /FOLLOWUP N This command scans the current newsgroup for the next newsitem with a subject M field which matches that of the current newsitem subject (within the current  N newsgroup). In this way the responses (if any) to the current newsitem can be  viewed.    /HEADER P Normally  NEWS  will  suppress  the  display  of  all  network routing headers. L This qualifier produces a full display of the item  contents including mail 
 header lines.    /IDENTIFIER="id " O All NEWS items are identified by a unique message identification string. (This  J identifier can be displayed using the READ/HEADER command, and noting the  Message-Id: ... line).  Q An item to be displayed can be selected by providing the identifier of the item.   e.g.: # 	READ/IDENTIFIER="<243@csc.anu.oz>"    /LAST O When reading a news item this command causes the remainder of the text display  5 to be skipped, and the previous item to be displayed.    /MARKER=tag N This command displays the text of the NEXT newsitem marked with the specified O tag value. If no tag value is specified than the next item marked with any tag   value is used.   /NEWG This  command  will  display the next unread NEWS item from the set of  H registered newsgroups. This may cause an implicit SELECT of a different ) newsgroup to obtain the next unread item.    /NEXT O When reading a news item this command causes the remainder of the text display  N to be skipped, and the next item in sequence in the newsgroup to be displayed.   /PARENT N NEWS items may reference a previous item that has been posted. In such a case 3 the text of the item commonly begins with the line: 7         In article <message-id>, <user address> writes:   O When a news item references previous items, the header includes the identifier  O of the parent item. READ/PARENT will display the parent item referenced by the  
 current item.    /PREV L NEWS maintains a history of the last 10 items read. READ/PREV pops the most O recent item index off this history stack and displays the item. Repeated calls  O to READ/PREV will continue to pop the stack until the history stack is emptied.    /ROT13I Some news items are posted using a basic encryption method (rot13). This  H qualifier uses the decryption algorithm to display the message contents.   /SUBJECT=string O READ will display the item which contains the specified string as a substring.  # /TITLE is a a synonym for /SUBJECT.    /TOPICP READ will display the oldest posted newsitem in the same conversation stream as O the current item. The oldest item will be original posting in the conversation  = stream if the original item is still retained on the system.     /TPUO This qualifier is equivalent to the /EDITOR qualifier. This qualifier will use  M an editor in read-only mode to view the newsitem. This is  useful when it is  O required to scroll up and down through the item text, or extract a part of the  I text into a file. The default editor is the TPU editor, but this is user  6 definable - see the chapter on customisation of NEWS.  REFRESH       M RERESH repaints the screen. This command is (by default) bound to the Ctrl-W   key. REGISTER      4 REGISTER add newsgroups into the user register file.   Format:      REGISTER [newsgroup-name ]  L Adds newsgroups into the user's register file. Registering into a newsgroup P implies that NEWS will automatically keep track of which items in the newsgroup O have been read, and the user can view only the unread news items with repeated   READ/NEW commands.   See Also   DEREGISTER    Command Parameters              newsgroup-nameQ The newsgroup-name parameter specifies the name of the newsgroup to register. If  O the parameter is not specified, the current newsgroup is added to the register   file.    Command Qualifiers   /ALLO This qualifier will register  the  user  for  ALL  newsgroups  on  the system.  Q On a system with a high quantity of network news this must be considered a brave   act!   /BEFORE=date-time F Registers all newsgroups which were created before the specified time.   /CONFIRM /CONFIRM /NOCONFIRM	Default: Prompt for confirmation before registering each newsgroup.   /LOCAL? Registers all newsgroups which are defined as LOCAL newsgroups.   
 /NETGROUPSK Registers all newsgroups which are defined as NETWORK newsgroups (i.e. the   complement of /LOCAL).   /NEWK This  qualifier  will  register the user for all newsgroups created on the  N system since the last time a REGISTER/ALL or REGISTER/NEW command was  given. O Thus, the user is automatically registered into all recent newsgroups, and can  7 then elect to deregister from some of those newsgroups.    /PRIORITY=n N This qualifier assigns a read priority to the newsgroup. This is particularly O useful if you are registered in a number of newsgroups, and would like to view  O new items (using READ/NEW) in a particular order of newsgroups. The value is a  5 number (between 1 and 255), increasing with priority.   P For example, if you have new items in net.a and net.b and the priority of net.b Q is greater then net.a, unread items in net.b will be displayed first (when using  	 READ/NEW.    /RECORD N Record the current time as the most recent register time. This will alter the M behaviour of the next REG/NEW command such that the /NEW qualifier will only  K select newsgroups which have been created after this command was executed.    P /RECORD is the default with the /NEW qualifier  - /NORECORD is the default with  all other qualifiers.    /SINCE=date-timeE Registers all newsgroups which were created since the specified time.  REPLY       O REPLY posts  a  MAIL reply directly to the sender of a news item. This is used  O to respond directly to the poster of an item without the item appearing on the   net.  P News will pre-load the edit buffer with the text of the item to which the reply I is being sent, then invoke the editor. The default editor is the TPU EDT  P emulator, but this is user definable - see the section on customisation of NEWS.  N Optionally the command takes a single parameter, the number of a news item to 3 respond to (to select other than the current item).   O On a normal exit from the editor the item is posted via VMS Mail to the sender  M (The sender's address is mapped into the equivalent VMS Mail address by site E' specific address transformation rules)..    See Also  FORWARD, FOLLOWUP   Command Qualifiers   /HEADERSM By default the news item headers are stripped off the item text before it is  P mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail buffer as well  as the body of the text.   /SUBJECT="mail-subject "Q This specifies the subject header of the mail reply. If not specified, NEWS will  + prompt for a "Subject:" field for the mail.    /SELFMM This is a mail qualifier which will forward a copy of the outgoing mail item i back to the sender.  REPOST      O REPOST allows the user to recall a previous posting made by the user, edit the i2 item text, and post the altered text back to NEWS.  P This command is equivalent to the command sequence of EXTRACT, CANCEL, EDIT and  POST.   P The command refers to the current news item, and a check is performed to ensure ; that the user was the poster of the item before proceeding.      See Also  POST, FOLLOWUP, WRITE SAVE      + SAVE extracts a news item into a text file.n     Format:u     SAVE  [item-range ]      Command Parameters  
 item-rangeP specifies the range of item numbers to save. The default is to save the current  item.N   Command Qualifiers   /FILE=-output-file-name 0 /FILE specifies the name of the file to save to.   Default value if not specified:   P The default value is to extract the item into the subdirectory [.NEWS-EXTRACTS] Q of the system login directory, and the filename is based on the newsgroup of the  : extracted item. The subdirectory is created automatically.  P e.g. Extracting items from the newgroup "news.software.anu-news" will append to  the output file   5 	SYS$LOGIN:[NEWS-EXTRACTS]NEWS_SOFTWARE_ANU-NEWS.LIS5h       /DIRECTORY=optioneO This qualifier modifies the EXTRACT command to extract into a file a directory dM listing of all newsgroups, or of all newsitems within a newsgroup instead of s printing a newsitem. a  . The options available with this qualifier are:  I SAVE/DIRECTORY=NEWSGROUPS  prints a directory listing of all newsgroups.  6 GROUPS is an alternative option value for this action.  N SAVE/DIRECTORY=NEWSITEMS prints a directory listing of the current newsgroup. > ITEMS and NOTES are alternative option values for this action.   /NEWSGROUPS=(group-list )aN Specifies the newsgroups for which the directory mode is to apply. By default  the current newsgroup is used.       /ALLM Specifies that all items in the current newsgroup are to be extracted to the   specified file.s   /APPEND K Appends the items to the specified file. If the file does not exist, it is cI created. /APPEND is the efault value if no output file is specified, and a7 /NODEFAULT is the default is an explicit name is given. 	          o /AUTHOR=mailaddresseP Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from the N specified mail address are to be saved. This qualifier is a synonym for /FROM.   /BEFORE=date-time I Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  5 postmarked before the specified date are to be saved.i   /FROM=mailaddress P Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from the P specified mail address are to be saved. This qualifier is a synonym for /AUTHOR.   /HEADERt 	/HEADER	Default
 	/NOHEADERH 	Specifies whether or not to include the full item headers in the saved  text.l   /MARKER [=(tag-list ) ]aF 	Specifies that only those items marked with one of the specified tag  values are to be saved.s   /ROT133 Applys ROT13 encryption to the extracted item body.w   /SEEN-! Marks the extracted item as seen.-   /SINCE=date-timeJ 	Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range) 8 postmarked after the specified date are to be extracted.   /SUBJECT="string "I 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which  O contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier is a s synonym for /TITLE.t   /TITLE="string "I 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which uO contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier is a   synonym for /SUBJECT.U   /UNREADnI 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which E< have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN.   /UNSEEN I 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which s< have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN.   SCREEN      $ SCREEN sets the screen-mode display.  N This  enters  NEWS  screen  display  mode (the default mode). This command is 1 normally given sometime after a NOSCREEN command.    See Also NOSCREEN  SEARCH      8 SEARCH displays items containing a target search string.   Format:d     SEARCH [target string ]w  I This  command  directs  NEWS  to  locate  a  newsitem  which  contains a hI specified text string.  The next item which contains the  text string is gN displayed on the screen. Repeated calls to SEARCH  (without specifying a text O string) will locate successive occurrences in other news items that are in the f specified newsgroups.c  N The search is usually case-insensitive,  but this may be  reversed (made case N sensitive) by specifying a mixed-case string  (i.e. upper case only and lower Q case only target  strings are case-insensitive).  To specify a mixed-case string iE you must enclose  the string in  " characters (e.g. SEARCH "String").p  Q By default the search is conducted as a literal search. There are two variations tL on this search. Firstly a target string can be specified which includes the M wildcard characters "*" and "%" to match any string and any single character CN string respectively. Secondly a target string can be specified which includes P both wildcard characters and closures. The default search type (if not literal) L is specified as a PROFILE setting, and individual searches can be specified  using qualifiers.(  P A number of strings can be specified simultaneously, which returns success only P if all of the strings are located in the item. The strings are delimited by the  "&" character.  J As this involves examining the contents of all specified item files, this J command may take a reasonably long time. The search may be interrupted by O pressing the RETURN key. This will call up a NEWS input prompt, and the search dJ may either be resumed (with another RETURN) or a new command may be given.  Q When the item is displayed, the target string will be displayed in reverse video .- at each occurrance within the displayed text.t   Command ParameterE  
 target stringnJ The string to search for. The string may be enclosed in " " characters to M specify an arbitrary string. If no target string is specified, the search is mN resumed using the previous target string, and the previous item selection set.   Command Qualifiers   /ALLK This qualifier specifies that all items in the current newsgroup are to be  6 searched. (rather than commencing at the current item.   /AUTHOR=mailaddressiP Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from the K specified mail address are to be SEARCHed. This qualifier is a synonym for n /FROM.   /BEFORE=date-timefI Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range) i8 postmarked before the specified date are to be SEARCHed.   /EDIToO This qualifier will use an editor in read-only mode to view the newsitem. This .O is  useful when it is required to scroll up and down through the item text, or  O extract a part of the text into a file. The default editor is TPU, but this is e3 user definable - see the section on customisation. h   /FROM=mailaddressmP Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from the K specified mail address are to be SEARCHed. This qualifier is a synonym for u /AUTHOR.   /HEADER K Normally  NEWS  will  suppress  the  display  of  all  news control header  N lines. This qualifier produces a full display of the item  contents including  such header lines.   /LITERALK The target string as specified is interpreted literally, and a simple text i search is conducted.   /MARKER [=tag-list ]K As an alternative item specifier to /NOTERANGE, this qualifier selects all iP strings with the specified mark value to be searched for the target string. The Q tag list may be either a single tage value of a list of values. wildcards may be hQ used to specify a set of tags to use. The default action is to search all marked . items.   /NEWSGROUPS=newsgroupsP By default the search is limited to the current newsgroup. This can be modified 6 by specifying the newsgroups which should be searched.  K The wildcard character ('*') may be used to include a set of newsgroups. A yJ number of newsgroups may be specified with the usual list notation (comma  separated list).   For example:-     SEARCH/NEWSGROUPS=(aus.*,anu.*) "Wombats"   
 /NODISPLAYO If this qualifier is used, the screen directory will be positioned on the item eK which contains the target string, but item text will not be displayed. The E9 default action is to display the item text automatically.   
 /NOTERANGEM By default all items starting at the current item are scanned for the target tJ string. A list of item numbers, or a list of item ranges to search may be ' specified by using this qualifier. e.g.n  	SEARCH string/NOTERANGE=5,10-40   /PATTERNQ The target string as specified is interpreted as a search pattern with wildcards  
 and closures.t  9 A pattern is the concatenation of the following elements:h c	literal character c-) ?	any single character except end-of-line  %	start of line 
 $	end of linee6 [...]	character class (any of the included characters)6 [^...]	negated class (all but the included characters)< *	closure (zero or more occurrences of the previous pattern)$ @c	escaped character (e.g., @%, @[ )  D Character classes consist of zero or more of the following elements: c	literal character cw c1-c2	range of charactersp. ^	if at beginning then negated character class @c	escaped character   /SINCE=date-timeJ 	Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range) 7 postmarked after the specified date are to be SEARCHed.	   /SUBJECT="string "H 	SEARCH only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which O contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier is a   synonym for /TITLE.s   /TITLE="string "H 	SEARCH only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which O contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier is a e synonym for /SUBJECT.e   /UNREADnH 	SEARCH only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which < have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN.   /UNSEENsH 	SEARCH only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which < have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNREAD.  	 /WILDCARDcQ The target string as interpreted with "*" characters denoting any string and "%" e denoting any single character. SELECT      ' SELECT selects a new current newsgroup.y   Format:U     SELECT [newsgroup ]s  O SELECT  changes newsgroup context to the nominated newsgroup.  If no newsgroup aO is given, the command selects the 'current' newsgroup. Otherwise the specified d newsgroup is opened.  2 For example, "SELECT test" opens newsgroup "test".   Command Qualifiers   /NEWI This qualifier is used to  select  the  next registered  newsgroup which oQ contains unseen news items. If the current newsgroup contains unread items, then , no action is performed.   7 No newsgroup parameter is required with this qualifier.e  
 /MARK [=tag ]eQ This command moves the current item pointer to the NEXT newsitem marked with the hQ specified tag value. If no tag value is specified than the next item marked with p any tag is used. SEND      7 SEND creates and sends a mail message from within NEWS.m   Format:      SEND  [file-name ]    O SEND will, by default, prompt for the To: address and Subject line, and invoke a& the editor to create the MAIL message.  J You can send a mail message to the author of the current news item you're L reading by using the /AUTHOR qualifier, and you can send a mail item to all C members of a restricted newsgroup by using the /MEMBERS qualifier. E  J You can also pre-load the edit buffer with the text of the message you're ( reading by using the /EXTRACT qualifier.     Command Qualifiers   /AUTHORyK Directs SEND to address the mail to the address of the user who posted the n# message you are currently reading. e   /EDITp 	/EDIT		defaults 	/NOEDITM /EDIT is the default value of this qualifier, which directs SEND to call the  O editor to assemble the mail message. /NOEDIT bypasses this call to the editor. t   /EXTRACTQ Directs SEND to load the edit buffer with the text of the item you are currently e reading.   /HEADERSQ Used with /EXTRACT, this qualifier directs NEWS to load all message headers into dP the message buffer. Otherwise a subset of the message headers are included into  the edit buffer.   /QUOTE="quote string " 	/QUOTE=">"		Default 	/QUOTE="string "p	 	/NOQUOTEnP Used with /EXTRACT, this qualifier is used to alter the quote character used to N delimit the original item in the edit buffer. By default the original item is N loaded using the "> " string at the start of each line 1 to indicate included N text. Using /QUOTE="string", an arbitrary string may be used as the quotation 8 string. Using /NOQUOTE includes the item text verbatim.    /MEMBERSL If the current newsgroup is configured with a membership list then the mail 6 message will be addressed to all members of this list.   /SELF N By default a copy of the mail message will NOT be sent to yourself. The /SELF " qualifier overrides this default.    /SUBJECT="subject text "Q SEND will normally prompt for the subject line of the mail message. The /SUBJECT e? qualifier is used to supply a subject string to the procedure. s   /TO="user-address  [,...] " P SEND will normally prompt for the address(es) to send the mail. These addresses 0 may be specified using a command line parameter.
 SET ACCESS      L SET ACCESS is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when " running NEWS as a diskless client.   Format:      SET ACCESS newsgroup  P SET ACCESS allows the local news manager to define a VMS access control list to I control read and write access to a newsgroup via the VMS ACL mechanisms. w  P SET ACCESS invokes the VMS ACL Editor to allow the local news manager to define L or modify the access control list associated with the newsgroup. The access H control list is placed on the matching directory in the NEWS data area.  SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING      J SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING controls the setting of terminal broadcast message 	 trapping.E   Format:.     SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING o     SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING ONu       SET NOBROADCAST_TRAPPING     SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING OFF  N NEWS by default has broadcast trapping enabled. All broadcast messages to the P terminal are trapped by NEWS, and displayed at the base of the screen, in order , to avoid overwriting of parts of the screen.  F This trapping may be disabled by specifying BROADCAST_TRAPPING OFF or  NOBROADCAST_TRAPPING	 SET CLASSn      5 SET CLASS sets the current newsgroup selection class.    Format:t     SET CLASS class-name  P This command modifies the current directory selection criteria to display those = newsgroups which have been entered into the specified class. a  N To turn off class selection criteria, use the class name "*" as the specified  class.   See Also   DIRECTORY/CLASS SET DISPLAY     5 SET DISPLAY is used to set display functions of NEWS.s  K With this release of NEWS only one display setting is modifiable: SCANSIZE.e   Command Qualifiers  	 /ALLITEMStO This command directs NEWS to display all items in all newsgroups. This command cM is similar to SHOW ALLITEMS except that the command refers to all newsgroups p' rather than only the current newsgroup.o   /SCANSIZE=n'P SCANSIZE determines the number of lines to display of the first page of an item O text. When using a low speed terminal, it is often helpful to only display the eN first few lines of the item to determine whether to view the remainder of the B item text. This parameter can also be specified as a logical name  "NEWS_SCANSIZE".   /UNSEENITEMSG This command directs NEWS to display only the unseen items within each =O newsgroup. This command differs from SHOW UNSEENITEMS in that it refers to all d- newsgroups rather than the current newsgroup.u   /UNSEENSTACKL This command directs NEWS to display those items following the first unseen P items in every newsgroup. This command differs from SHOW UNSEENSTACK in that it ; refers to all newsgroups rather than the current newsgroup.  SET HISTORY.      M SET HISTORY is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when h" running NEWS as a diskless client.   Format:o     SET HISTORY      SET HISTORY ON       SET NOHISTORY      SET HISTORY OFF   P NEWS normally maintains a history file of recent message identifiers which have O been held on the local system. This file is referred to whenever a new item is tJ added into NEWS to ensure that the item has not already been held on this > system, so as to avoid looping news items in the NEWS network.  N This history function can be disabled by the SET NOHISTORY or SET HISTORY OFF J commands. It will remain disabled until explicitly re-enabled by the NEWS 	 manager.   SET ITEM      J SET ITEM is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when " running NEWS as a diskless client.  C SET ITEM modifies the newsgroup retention attributes of news items.a   Format:e      SET ITEM item-num/HOLD=nB                  rM This requires the number of a newitem (or defaults to the current newsitem). v: Only one qualifier is associated with this command, /HOLD.   Command Qualifiers  
 /HOLD=daysP This command qualifier defines the retention period for news items The value of # the qualifier is specified in days.   Q If a 0 value is given, this indicates  that  a  higher  level  (newsgroup based) n  default  value should  be  used.  Q If a value of '*' is given, this indicates that the retention is permament - the s> item will never be automatic ally deleted by the SKIM command. SET LINE_EDITING      A SET LINE EDITING sets the cursor movement keys to line edit mode.    Format:      SET LINE_EDITING     SET LINE_EDITING ONe       SET NOLINE_EDITING     SET LINE_EDITING OFF  P By default VMS NEWS disables the cursor keys line editing functions. The up and = down arrow cursor keys are bound to the UP and DOWN commands.s  L VMS line editing may be enabled with the SET LINE_EDITING. In this case the L keypad key 5 is bound to the UP function, and keypad 2 is bound to the DOWN O function, and the arrow cursor keys perform the normal line editing functions. w SET MAIL      7 SET MAIL  sets your VMS MAIL personal profile settings.u   Format:y0     SET MAIL profile-parameter  [profile-value ]  L This command allows you to alter any of the VMS MAIL profile parameters, by > specifying a profile parameter and optionally a profile value.   Command Parameters   profile-parameter 0 The parameters which can be set in this way are:  > auto-purge     	auto purge of the wastebasket on close of mailI noauto-purge     	auto purge of the wastebasket on close of mail disablede  A cc_prompt      	prompt for CC: postings on forward, reply or sendeF nocc_prompt      	no prompt for CC: postings on forward, reply or send  L copy_self copy_param	Automatic posting of mail to self on forward, reply or  send     where copy_param is one of:  send	copy to send on sendo nosend	no copy to self on send reply	copy to self on replyi  noreply	no copy to self on reply forward	copy to self on forwardw$ noforward	no copy to self on forward  = form form_name     	set default print form to nominated valuew* noform      	use system default print form  D forward forward-address	set mail forwarding address to given address1 noforward        	disable mail forwarding addressL  K personal_name "personal_name "	set personal name to be used in postings to e given valuem& nopersonal_name  disable personal name  ; queue queue_name	set default print queue to nominated queue 8 noqueue          	reset default print queue to SYS$PRINT SET MANAGERr      M SET MANAGER is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when h" running NEWS as a diskless client.   Format:p     SET MANAGER      SET MANAGER ON       SET NOMANAGER      SET MANAGER OFFE  O A user who holds the NEWS management identifier (the translation of the system oQ logical name NEWS_MGR_ID) is identified to NEWS as a local news manager, and can n* execute all the local management commands.  K These manager privileges can be disabled by the SET NOMANAGER command, and iJ enabled at a later stage by the SET MANAGER command. Note that on startup P manager privileges are enabled by default if you have been granted the relevant  identifier.t
 SET NEWSGROUPr      O SET NEWSGROUP is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when e" running NEWS as a diskless client.  G SET NEWSGROUP modifies  the control attributes of a newsgroup. control mH attributes include the lifetime of items on the local system, newsgroup L moderator addresses, and whether the newsgroup is served from a remote NNTP  server.   O Newsgroups are automatically deleted from the NEWS system if the last new item eP in the newsgroup was posted to the group more than n days previously. There are P three levels of default for this value: A global compile-time constant (defined P in the file NEWSSITE.H, normally 60 days), which may be overridden by a dynamic N global value (SET NEWSGROUP default/HOLD=n days), which may be overridden for K individual newsgroups by a dynamic newsgroup specific value (SET NEWSGROUP rL name/HOLD=n days). The value is specified in units of days, but there is an F additional value, '*' which specifies that the newsgroup is not to be  automatically deleted.  K Newsitems records are automatically deleted once they have remained on the  K system for a set number of days. This retention period has fours levels of  I default: A global compile-time constant (defined in the file NEWSSITE.H,  J normally 30 days), which may be overridden by a dynamic global value (SET Q NEWSGROUP */ITEMHOLD=n days), which may be overridden for specific newsgroups by aN a dynamic newsgroup default value (SET NEWSGROUP name/ITEMHOLD=n days), which O may be overridden for individual news items (SET ITEM number/HOLD=n days). The IQ value is specified in units of days, but there is an additional value, '*' which  @ specifies that the newsgroup is not to be automatically deleted.   Format:N      SET NEWSGROUP /qualifiers  /      SET NEWSGROUP  newsgroup-name  /qualifiers   '      SET NEWSGROUP  DEFAULT /qualifiersT  O If no newsgroup name is given with the command the command assumes the name of aM the 'current' newsgroup. If the newsgroup is specified as 'default' then the a@ attributes referred to by this command are the system defaults.   Q The qualifiers accepted for the global default ('default') are /ITEMHOLD, /HOLD, oK /KEEPREQUEST and /FILEHOLD and in the case where a particular newsgroup is p named, /MODERATOR and /SERVER. L   Command Qualifiers  	 /APPROVALg /APPROVAL   DefaultI /NOAPPROVALrP Moderated newsgroups require an Approved: header in all postings in order to be N accepted by each local NEWS site. This approval requirement can be removed by 8 specifying the /NOAPPROVAL qualifier with the newsgroup.  
 /HOLD=daysQ This command qualifier defines the retention period for newsgroups. The value of L# the qualifier is specified in days.n                         N If a 0 value is given, this indicates  that  a  higher  level  default  value P should  be  used. If a value of '*' is given, this indicates that the retention M is permanent - the newsgroup will never be automatically deleted by the SKIM u	 command.     /IGNOREEXPIRES /IGNOREEXPIRES /NOIGNOREEXPIRES	DefaultP NEWS items may contain an optional Expires: header specifying the date that the Q item should be retained until. By default NEWS will accept the Expires: headers,  B with a maximum retention period of 1 year and a minimum of 3 days.  K The system default retention periods can override any Expires: header on a t@ newsgroup-by-newsgroup basis using the /IGNOREEXPIRES qualifier.   /ITEMHOLD=daysM This command qualifier defines the default retention period  for  news items eD within a newsgroup. The value of the qualifier is specified in days.  O If a 0 value is given, this indicates that a higher level default value should iO be used. If a value of '*' is given as the value for days, this indicates that t, the default newsitem retention is permanent.   /LOCAL /LOCAL /NOLOCALQ Newsgroups are defined by default to be Network newsgroups - A network newsgroup dL is created in response to a network-wide "newgroup" control message, and is J deleted in response to a network-wide 'rmgroup" or "checkgroups" message.   Q Newsgroups which are local to a this site, or local to a domain within the wider eO network are created with the /LOCAL qualifier. This ensures that the newsgroup e5 will not be deleted by such network control messages.h  	 /MAILLIST  /MAILLIST=addressg /NOMAILLISTrK This qualifier sets the newsgroup as a mailing list newsgroup.This is very EM similar to setting a moderated newsgroup with a number of alterations in the  N support of the newsgroup to act as an interface between the local news system  and a mailing list.o  P The changes from the moderator model in order to support the mapping of mailing N lists into NEWS require the dropping of the Approval: item header requirement I for incoming items, and a forwarding of all local postings to the mapped  F newsgroup to the mailing list address without the normal NEWS headers.  H The address used with this qualifier is the address of the mailing list.  
 /MODERATOR /MODERATOR=address
 /MODERATOR /NOMODERATORH This command sets the newsgroup as a moderated newsgroup, or clears the  moderator condition.     Q Only the moderator of a moderated newsgroup may post items into that newsgroup - wP all other users who attempt to post to a moderated newsgroup will have the news H posting intercepted and re-directed as e-mail to the moderator address.   N The value of the /MODERATOR is an internet-style address of the moderator. In M the case where no address is given, backbone addressing is assumed (i.e. the  5 default address as specified in the MAILPATHS file). n            wD The /NOMODERATOR qualifier is used to clear the moderator condition.   /NOTICE="string "  /NOTICE="notice string "	 /NONOTICEoP Newsgroups may be tagged with a notice string. This notice message is displayed L as part of the newsgroup directory heading, and is intended to hold current O status messages about the newsgroup. The notice string is limited to a maximum C size of 124 characters.   	 /RESTRICTiJ Sets the newsgroup as a restricted access newsgroup. Making the newsgroup P restricted limits the access to the newsgroup to those users who are entered as Q "members" of the newsgroup (see ADD MEMBER). Users who are not listed as members c; of the newsgroup cannot read or write into this newsgroup. d   /TITLE="string "N Newsgroups may optionally have a title string. This title is displayed in the O head of a newsgroup directory, and is intended as a (short) description of the  > newsgroup. The string length is restricted to 124 characters.    /WRITE /WRITE /NOWRITEP By default all newsgroups are writeable by all users6. A newsgroup can be setup D as a read-only newsgroup by the command:  SET NEWSGROUP name/NOWRITE  Q Once a newsgroup has been set as /NOWRITE only those users with write permission  K can post to this newsgroup (see ADD MEMBER to grant write  permission to a h username). o   /SERVER=node /SERVER=node	 /NOSERVER N Newsgroups may be linked to a remote NEWSSERVER via DECNET. The presence of a Q remote server for a newsgroup implies that the local site need not keep the text  M files of all items within a newsgroup on local storage -- when a user on the IK local system reads an item, the remote server passes a copy of the text on   demand.f  Q This configuration can be used to reduce the overall storage demands for NEWS if oM a number of decnet-connected systems are all running NEWS. One system may be AQ nominated as the server for a number of client nodes, or a number of systems can  P be used to serve subsets of the total newsgroup set to the clients (i.e. a node J may be configured as a client for some newsgroups, and a server for other  newsgroups).  P This qualifier requires a node name as a value -- this name is the node name of  the remote server.   /CACHE /CACHE=3	Default /CACHE=n /NOCACHEG The /CACHE qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier.t  P If a newsitem is served from a remote system, and a local user requests to view N the contents of that item, the server system copies the text of the item into Q the local user's scratch area. By default, a copy of this text is also placed in cO the local NEWS database, so that further requests to read the item do not need c to access the remote server.  Q This retention of the local copy can be inhibited by using the /NOCACHE with the  Q SET command -- in such a case all requests to view the item will generate remote m server requests.   /PROTOCOL=protocolQ The /PROTOCOL qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier. Valid sO values for this qualifier are "DECNET" or "TCP". The default value is "DECNET".h  P If a newsgroup is served from a remote system, then either DECNET or TCP may be O used to access the remote system. This qualifier sets the protocol to use when g performing the remote access.e   /UPDATEg /UPDATE	Defaulte	 /NOUPDATE N This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier, and directs Q NEWS to load the created newsgroup with the contents of the NNTP server database h immediately.   SET PROFILEd      D SET PROFILE modifies the user profile settings associated with NEWS.   Format:n     SET PROFILE /qualifiersm  P SET PROFILE is used to define a usage profile for NEWS. The profile may contain Q the specification of the editor to use with NEWS, the default action of the OPEN $Q command, the class to be selected on NEWS startup, the personal name to use with rP all postings, a set of qualifiers to use with all PRINT commands, and a startup  DIRECTORY setting.  P Many of these settings can also be defined using logical names (see the chapter N on customization of NEWS). The PROFILE settings take precedence over any such  logical name settings.   Command Qualifiers  " /AUTOMATIC [={DIRECTORY | UNSEEN}]Q This controls the default action of the OPEN and SELECT commands. By default the SM OPEN (and SELECT) command displays the directory of the opened newsgroup. By nL specifying UNSEEN, the first unseen item will be displayed when the OPEN or  SELECT command is executed..   /BROADCAST_TRAPPING  /BROADCAST_TRAPPINGN /NOBROADCAST_TRAPPINGeQ This qualifier directs NEWS to start with terminal broadcast trapping enabled or bO disabled. When enabled all broadcast messages are displayed via a trap routine r. in the message area at the base of the screen.   /CLASS=classname /CLASS=classname /NOCLASS		DefaultlM By default NEWS will startup with the same selection conditions as were used eQ when NEWS last exited. You can specify a class to select on startup by using the e /CLASS qualifier.e  Q The values of the classname are either a valid class name, or the string "MAIN".  Q MAIN indicates that no class selection should be used, and all newsgroups should  2 be included in the directory selection conditions.  F The default behaviour can be restored by using the /NOCLASS parameter.   /DIRECTORY=directory-typeu 	/DIRECTORY=directory type 	/NODIRECTORY		DefaultJ NEWS will normally retain the directory context across invocations of the M program (i.e. If you had executed DIR/NEW before exiting NEWS, then when you -I next run NEWS, the initial newsgroup directory state will be restored to s	 DIR/NEW).   Q It is possible to specify a constant initial directory state by defining a value s) for this qualifier as one of the strings:d,  	ALL      NEW      REGISTER      SINCE=date  J If a profile value is specified then this value will override that of the $ logical name NEWS_DEFAULT_DIRECTORY.   /DISPLAY=(display-list)s9 The display attributes which can be set in this list are:b  H      [NO] LINES		For NNTP diskless clients this directs NEWS to request  the line counts of each item. 4 				(If the NNTP remote server is running ANU NEWS,   LINES is automatically selected)  K      [NO] POSTMARKS	For NNTP diskless clients this directs NEWS to request  ' and display the post date of each item. 4 				(If the NNTP remote server is running ANU NEWS, $ POSTMARKS is automatically selected)  M      ALLITEMS	This directs NEWS to display item entries for all items as the  + default display setting for all newsgroups.   L      UNSEENITEMS  	This directs NEWS to display item entries for only those P items which are UNSEEN. This command sets this display mode as the default mode  for all newsgroups.r  I      UNSEENSTACK  	This directs NEWS to only display the subset of items tM starting with the first unseen items (and to display all subsequent seen and lO unseen items). This command sets this display mode as the default mode for all   newsgroups.E   /EDITOR=editor /EDITOR=editor	 /NOEDITORwQ This qualifier is used to link an editor to NEWS. The editor is used to generate iP new postings, and to edit forwarded mail, and (optionally) in readonly mode, to % scan the item contents (READ/EDITOR).   M By default NEWS links the TPU editor to NEWS, using the value of the logical tM name TPUSECINI (or TPU$SECTION, depending on the version of VMS used) as the   section to use.h  * The value of this qualifier may be one of:K 	EVE (or TPU) to use the TPU emulator with either the EVE section, or the e7 section as defined by the appropriate TPU logical name.a' 	EDT to use the callable EDT interfacetH 	CALLABLE_xxx to invoke a callable editor directly (mapping the editor  into your execution space)K 	A file specification (including the '@' start character) which specifies  : a spawned command procedure to use as the editor for NEWS.   /KEYDEFS=filenamet /KEYDEFS=filename 
 /NOKEYDEFSP This command instructs NEWS to read in a custom set of key definitions for NEWS J to be read in from the nominated file. The format of the file is a set of  DEFINE/KEY commands.  
 /LINE_EDITING 
 /LINE_EDITINGt /NOLINE_EDITINGrK This qualifier directs NEWS to define the cursor keys as line editing keys  M (up/down arrows scroll through the command line recall stack, and left/right  O arrorws move within the command line) at startup. In this case the keypad keys hP '5' and '2' map into the NEWS cursor up and down commands. The mode is reset by  the /NOLINE_EDITING qualifierU   /LOCSIGNATURE=filename /LOCSIGNATURE=filename /NOLOCSIGNATURESQ This command requests NEWS to automatically append the contents of the nominated  P file to all postings that you make to local (non-network) newsgroups. This file P is intended to contain signature information giving your network address, etc., Q and allows you to tailor two signature files: one for network-wide postings, and a another for local postings.n  ' /NEWREGISTER [=newsgroup-pattern-list ]y /NEWREGISTER# /NEWREGISTER=newsgroup-pattern-listo /NONEWREGISTER				DefaultDQ By default you will NOT be automatically registered for any new newsgroups which L1 are created on the local system from time to time   I By specifying /NEWREGISTER you will be registered for each new newsgroup n5 immediately after it is created on the local system.    K You can also specify a pattern, or a list of patterns to match against for aP automatic registration. For example, to only register new newsgroups created in 1 the hierarchies comp.* and aus.* the command is:    *     SET PROFILE/NEWREGISTER="comp.*,aus.*"  E The automatic registration action can be turned off by the qualifier   /NONEWREGISTER o  $ /ORGANIZATION="organisation string "# /ORGANIZATION="organization string"  /NOORGANIZATION L This customizes your postings with an Organization: header set to the value P specified in the string. If this profile setting is turned off, then the system & default (if any) will be used instead.  & /PERSONAL_NAME="personal name string "' 	/PERSONAL_NAME="personal-name-string "W 	/NOPERSONAL_NAMEtP Sets the personal name string. This name is appended to your network address in  all NEWS postings.  Q If not specified as a PROFILE entry, the logical name NEWS_PERSONAL_NAME is used lP (if defined), and if there is no logical name your VMS MAIL profile is examined # to extract your MAIL personal name.o  ! /PRINT="print-qualifiers-string "r! /PRINT="print-qualifiers-string "t /NOPRINTN Sets the default print qualifiers for all NEWS PRINT commands. The qualifiers N used may be any valid NEWS print qualifier string (See the section describing  the PRINT command).o  	 /RCFILTER 	 /RCFILTERa /NORCFILTER H By default all accessible newsgroups are displayed in a full newsgroup  N directory display. The number of newsgroups can be restricted by the  command K SET PROFILE/RCFILTER. This instructs NEWS to only use those  newsgroups as r entered in the NEWSRC file.d  P To reduce the number of newsgroups displayed in the directory listing: run NEWS P and enter the command  "SET PROFILE/RCFILTER", then exit NEWS and then edit the M NEWSRC file, deleting those lines referring to newsgroups you wish to remove f from the display.o   /RCORDER /RCORDER /NORCORDER	DefaultQ By default all newsgroups are displayed within the newsgroup directory screen in mQ alphabetical order. By specifying SET PROFILE/RCORDER, newsgroups are ordered as mO shown in the NEWSRC. file. To change the directory display order: run NEWS and nK enter the command  "SET PROFILE/RCORDER", then exit NEWS and then edit the s6 NEWSRC file, altering the order of entries as required   /SCANSIZE=n P When browsing through news items it is often too time consuming to see the full Q first page off every news item, and it is often faster to see only the first few  9 lines and then deciding whether to view more of the item.   Q This command configures NEWS to show only the first n lines of the item and then aQ return to the prompt to see if you wish to display more of the texct, or pass on   to the next item.o   /SEARCHn /SEARCH=LITERAL	Defaultd /SEARCH=WILDCARD /SEARCH=PATTERN P By default the SEARCH command will search for literal text, and if you  wish to N use wildcards or patterns in the search text the search has to be  explicitly E qualified. The default search type can be altered with this  command.r   /SIGNATURE=filenamen /SIGNATURE=filenames /NOSIGNATUREQ This command requests NEWS to automatically append the contents of the nominated IO file to all postings that you make. This file is intended to contain signature  - information giving your network address, etc.D  
 /TEMPORARYP If specified, the PROFILE changes given are only effective for the current NEWS  session. SET SEEN      N SET SEEN  marks items within the currently selected newsgroup as "seen". This = can be altered by specifying one of the following qualifiers.n   Command Qualifiers   /POINTERM This command marks all newsitems up to (and including) the 'current' item as d having been viewed by the user.    /BEFORE=vmsdatenO This command marks all items in the current newsgroup which were postmarked by eM the local system before the date specified as having been viewed by the user.   N The date format is the standard VMS date-time format; e.g. SET SEEN/BEFORE=22-< FEB. TODAY and YESTERDAY are accepted as valid date strings.  	 /FOLLOWUPoL All newsitems in the current newsgroup with a subject field the same as the ( current newsitem will be marked as read.  M This command is used to skip entire conversation streams: all newsitems with  : related subject fields will be marked as having been read. SET SUPERVISOR      K SET SUPERVISOR is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported N' when running NEWS as a diskless client.t  . SET MODERATOR is a synonum for SET SUPERVISOR.   Format:      SET SUPERVISOR     SET SUPERVISOR ONs       SET NOSUPERVISOR     SET SUPERVISOR OFF  ? NEWS allows two types of supervision/moderation of a newsgroup:s  M   The USENET model of moderation is one where all postings into a moderated fK newsgroup are intercepted and mailed directly to the e-mail address of the sM moderator of the newsgroup. The moderator's responsibility is to approve the sI posting and place it into the newsgroup with an approval stamp. A USENET rQ moderator is identified by a match of the user's e-mail address with the list of eJ moderator addresses. Such a moderator is more accurately called a posting  approval Moderator.   F VMS NEWS also has a second level of supervision of a newsgroup, which N effectively allows a subset of the NEWS Manager's privileges to be given to a Q nominated user (or users), with the privileges effective only for in relation to AP a particular newsgroup. Such a Local Supervisor can control the membership list P for a restricted newsgroup by adding, altering and removing member records, and O cancelling messages that were posted from the local system into the controlled h
 newsgroup.  L Users who have such local supervisor privileges do not have such privileges K enabled at the start of the session: the privileges are enabled by the SET eQ SUPERVISOR command for all locally moderated newsgroups. A user who is nominated fP as a posting approval Moderator is automatically configured as a VMS NEWS local N supervisor if the posting approval Moderator's mail address is located on the  local node. 
 SHOW ALLITEMSe      L SHOW ALLITEMS  directs the news display manager to include all items in the O currently selected newsgroup to be displayed in the newsitem directory screen. tN This command is used to override the default profile setting, and to override 2 any previous show setting made for this newsgroup.  : Note that this command only affects the current newsgroup.  - See Also   SHOW UNSEENSTACK, SHOW UNSEENITEMSp SHOW CLASSES      M SHOW CLASSES  command lists all user defined class names, and also lists the aO newsgroup names which have been assigned to each class. The currently selected e! class is marked with an asterisk.S SHOW CONFERENCE       F SHOW CONFERENCE newsgroup-name  displays the status and configuration O information for the specified newsgroup. This information includes the current rO item count, the default retention time settings, the markers placed within the "N newsgroup and the classes into which the newsgroup has been added, as well as L the relevant NNTP server information if the newsgroup is configured as NNTP- served.n  Q The newsgroup name be be abbreviated to a unique substring, and wildcards  ('*',  B '%') may be used to list the attributes of a number of newsgroups.  ) This command is equivalent to SHOW ENTRY.o
 SHOW ENTRY      ' SHOW ENTRY displays newsgroup settings.u   Format:i     SHOW ENTRY newsgroup-namen  O Displays the status and configuration information for the specified newsgroup. oM This information includes the current item count, the default retention time -Q settings, the markers placed within the newsgroup and the classes into which the gQ newsgroup has been added, as well as the relevant NNTP server information if the  ' newsgroup is configured as NNTP-served.s  P The newsgroup name be be abbreviated to a unique substring, and wildcards ('*', B '%') may be used to list the attributes of a number of newsgroups. SHOW HISTORY      N SHOW HISTORY displays the history setting. This is a NEWS management command. E This command is not supported when running NEWS in a diskless client t configuration.  Q Displays the status of the history file setting (whether on or off), and if off, E< then the time and user who last turned off the histroy file.	 SHOW ITEMo      7 SHOW ITEM displays the control settings of a news item./   Format:s     SHOW ITEM [item-num]  P SHOW ITEM displays the retention settings for the current or specified newsitem.	 SHOW KILLu      7 SHOW KILL  displays the user's current kill filter set.t  L Kill filters are used in the processing of the READ commands when selecting O unseen items for display. In the process of selection, unseen items are passed eQ to the kill filter, and if a match with a kill filter is found, the item will be  D marked as seen, and the search for the next unseen item will resume.  M The commands which invoke the kill filters are READ/NEW and READ/NEW/FOLLOWUPk SHOW LINECOUNTSy      3 SHOW LINECOUNTS  is a NEWS diskless client command.t  Q With the client version of NEWS it must be noted that every piece of information  Q displayed on the directory screens does take additional time to extract from the cP NEWS server. For this reason both the linecount and postmark date of news items E aret not displayed by default within the news item directory screens.L  N To display the line counts of all newsitems within the current newsgroup then N the command SHOW LINECOUNTS will request this information from the server for Q the current newsgroup. This function can be enabled automatically by the command g SET PROFILE/DISPLAY=LINECOUNTS.s	 SHOW MAIL       9 SHOW MAIL  displays the user's VMS MAIL profile settings.e   Format:c     SHOW MAIL [profile-entry ]  N SHOW MAIL displays your personal VMS Mail profile settings. Without a profile-J entry parameter, all profile settings are displayed in a display  screen. Q Otherwise the individual profile entry is displayed in the dialog  window at the   base of the display.   Command Parameters  
 profile-entrye< This parameter may either be "all" (the default), or one of:  6 auto-purge     	auto purge of the wastebasket on closeA cc_prompt      	prompt for CC: postings on forward, reply or sendlE copy_self	Automatic posting of mail to self on forward, reply or sendr" form           	default print form' forward        	mail forwarding address ( new_mail_count 	count of unread new mail4 personal_name  	personal name to be used in postings# queue          	default print queueo SHOW MARKERt      9 SHOW MARKER  displays the user's set of markers of items.    Format:d     SHOW MARKER [tag-value ]  O SHOW MARKER displays a listing of the set of marked newsitems. If no tag value dQ is specified, then all mark tag values are displayed. If a tag is used then only NM those tag values which match the tag (using wildcard matching) are displayed.m  " See Also  MARK, UNMARK, CLEAR MARK SHOW MEMBER       G SHOW MEMBER lists the attributes of a member of the currently selected nO (restricted access) newsgroup. This command is not supported when running NEWS I as a diskless client.    Format:	     SHOW MEMBER [username ]t  H This command lists the attributes of a member of the currently selected J newsgroup. If the newsgroup is a public access newsgroup then there is no > associated membership list, and a status message is displayed.  L The listing displays the username of the member, the user's privileges with O respect to this newsgroup and their mail addresses (if not that of their local  
 username).  K If /ALL is not specified, and no username is given, NEWS will prompt for a s	 username.f   Command Qualifiers   /ALL2 List the attributes of all members of a newsgroup.  
 /MODERATORP List the attributes of all members who have moderator privilege with respect to  this newsgroup.m
 SHOW MESSAGESe      N SHOW MESSAGES displays all broadcast messages and NEWS diagnostic messages in  a message display buffer.i  P All NEWS diagnostic messages, and all terminal broadcast messages (if Broadcast O trapping is enabled) are placed in a message buffer. This command displays the r& contents of this buffer on the screen.   See Also  CLEAR MESSAGES SHOW MODERATOR      I SHOW MODERATOR displays the mail address of the moderator of a moderated  O newsgroup. The newsgroup referred to by this command is the currently selected R
 newsgroup. SHOW NEWSGROUP      = SHOW NEWSGROUP displays the control settings for a newsgroup.    Format:m$     SHOW NEWSGROUP [newsgroup-name ]       SHOW NEWSGROUP DEFAULT    K SHOW NEWSGROUP displays the control attributes of the current or specified aI newsgroup. The control attributes include the retention settings, server o settings and moderator address.E  H The command SHOW NEWSGROUP DEFAULT displays the global default settings.	 SHOW NOTE       : SHOW NOTE displays the control information of a news item.   Format:      SHOW NOTE [item-number ]  O This command displays the header lines of the current (or nominated note if an MQ item number is specified with the command. As well as the supplied header lines, oQ the display also shows the local postmark time, and the local expiration date of t	 the item.r SHOW POSTMARKS      7 SHOW POSTMARKS  is a NEWS NNTP diskless client command.t  Q With the client version of NEWS it must be noted that every piece of onformation sQ displayed on the directory screens does take additional time to extract from the tP NEWS server. For this reason both the linecount and postmark date of news items E aret not displayed by default within the news item directory screens.t  Q To display the postmark dates of all newsitems within the current newsgroup then pQ the command SHOW POSTMARKS will request this information from the server for the gQ current newsgroup. This function can be enabled automatically by the command SET e PROFILE/DISPLAY=POSTMARKS. SHOW PROFILE      2 SHOW PROFILE displays the current profile settings  P The display includes the default editor, the default class on startup, the NEWS Q personal name, default qualifiers for the PRINT command, OPEN default action and aI the startup directory setting. Note that PROFILE entries are at a higher oF precedence than the logical names which also define your NEWS profile.   See Also  SET PROFILEI SHOW SUPERVISORE      G SHOW SUPERVISOR displays the usernames of all local supervisors of the EP current newsgroup, and also displays the mail address of the approval moderator L of the newsgroup (if the newsgroup is a moderated newsgroup). The newsgroup @ referred to by this command is the currently selected newsgroup. SHOW UNSEENITEMS      J SHOW UNSEENITEMS  directs the news display manager to include only unseen J items in the currently selected newsgroup to be displayed in the newsitem P directory screen. This command is used to override the default profile setting, B and to override any previous show setting made for this newsgroup.  : Note that this command only affects the current newsgroup.  * See Also   SHOW ALLITEMS, SHOW UNSEENSTACK SHOW UNSEENSTACK      I SHOW UNSEENSTACK  directs the news display manager to include only those dP items following the first unseen item in the currently selected newsgroup to be P displayed in the newsitem directory screen (this display includes both seen and P unseen items following the first unseen item). This command is used to override P the default profile setting, and to override any previous show setting made for  this newsgroup.r  : Note that this command only affects the current newsgroup.  * See Also   SHOW ALLITEMS, SHOW UNSEENITEMS SHOW VERSION      K SHOW VERSION  displays the software version and creation date of the local f NEWS software.  , The command has no parameters or qualifiers.  1 The command VERSION is a synonym for SHOW VERSIONs   See Also:  V ERSIONh SKIM    N SKIM is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when running  NEWS as a diskless client.   Format:d          SKIM   [newsgroup list ]    N SKIM checks aspects of the news database for internal  consistency,  and also 5 enforces news item and newsgroup expiry time limits. N  5 By  default  the  command will assume the qualifiers:j%      /ITEMS 		(check all news items),s(     /NEWSGROUPS 	(check all newsgroups),G     /SERVED 		(check all remote servers for consistency with the local h
 database),?     /DIRECTORIES 	(check all directories in the database area), *     /HISTORY 		(skim the history file) and)     /FILES 		(check all item text files).s  N Any of these phases can be bypassed by using the /NOphase  qualifier with the  SKIM command.   O SKIM will take considerable resources to execute. To reduce the time taken for .H SKIM, the following qualifier settings are recommended on a daily basis:  B 	SKIM/NOVERBOSE/ITEMS/NEWSGROUPS/NODIRECTORIES/NOFILES/NOFILECHECK   and on a weekly basis:  > 	SKIM/NOVERBOSE/ITEMS/NEWSGROUPS/DIRECTORIES/FILES/NOFILECHECK     Command Parameters:    newsgroup listJ Skim optionally accepts a newsgroup list  parameter. If this parameter is G omitted, then all newsgroups are checked by SKIM, otherwise only those sP newsgroups listed in the parameter list are checked. The parameter is formatted P as a comma separated list of newsgroup names. Wildcard characters (*, ?) may be 2 used in the list - e.g.     NEWS> SKIM aus.*,anu.*   Command Qualifiers:n   /DIRECTORIESK NEWS stores news items in a directory tree, where each directory matches a aM newsgroup: for example all items in the newsgroup aus.fred are stored in the  N directory NEWS_DEVICE:[AUS.FRED]. When a newsgroup is deleted, the associated & directory is not deleted immediately.   O The SKIM/DIRECTORIES phase scans all directories in the NEWS area, and deletes WA all directories which do not match currently defined newsgroups. t  
 /FILECHECKA This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /ITEMS skim phase.   N The default action of the SKIM is to attempt to open each item file, and make Q the necessary corrections to the database if the file cannot be accessed. If the  O NEWS database extends to many thousands of items this open operation will take h up a large amount of CPU time. m  N The check can be omitted by specifying the /NOFILECHECK qualifier, which will 0 speed up the SKIM run by a considerable factor.    /FILESP By default the action of the SKIM command includes SKIM/FILES. In this phase of L the skim, SKIM examines every nnn.ITM file (newsitem text file) in the news Q database, purging  all back  versions  of any file, and deleting any .ITM  files h7 which have no corresponding entry in the item database.h  M This action can be bypassed using the /NOFILES qualifier on the SKIM command.i  
 /HISTORY [=n] K NEWS maintains a history file of the previous n days, storing all newsitem nO message identifiers in this file. This file is used to correctly implement the  O "cancel" and "supersedes" news header control lines, and to detect long period o  loops in the NEWS distribution.   M This phase of SKIM removes all entries from the history file which are older  O than 45 days. If a value is given with this qualifier, then this value is used e, as the retention period of the history file.   /ITEMSQ By default the action of the SKIM command includes SKIM/ITEMS. In this phase  of cQ SKIM, the procedure checks all current newsitems held in the local database.  If  N the item has been held for longer than the locally set retention period, then N the item is deleted, or if the text file cannot be opened the item is deleted.  P The items to be deleted can optionally be archived using the /ARCHIVE qualifier.  P This action can be bypassed using the /NOITEMS qualifier with the SKIM  command.   /NEWSGROUPS M By default, the action of the SKIM command includes SKIM/NEWSGROUPS. In this oN phase of SKIM, each newsgroup is checked, updating the newsitem count for the O newsgroup, and deleting any newsgroup which has had no new items posted within  Q the newsgroup retention period (see SET NEWSGROUP/HOLD=n for more information on   newsgroup retention).a  J This action can be bypassed using the /NONEWSGROUPS qualifier on the SKIM  command.   /SERVEDc@ By default, the action of the SKIM command includes SKIM/SERVED.  Q In this phase of skim, SKIM collects the item identifiers of all newsitems whose TK text is held on remote NEWS NNTP-Server nodes. SKIM connects to the remote  O server and collects all item update information from the remote item database. tQ Following this remote interrogation, the local item database is updated to match o# the data stored on the remote node.n  N This action can be bypassed using the /NOSERVED qualifier on the SKIM command.   /VERBOSEQ Skim will normally output messages indicating the skim action during each phase. -@ These messages can be suppressed with the /NOVERBOSE qualifier.    /ARCHIVE=filenamen5 By default the value of this qualifier is /NOARCHIVE.r  Q This qualifier can be used in conjunction with the /ITEMS qualifier to archive a rO copy of every item that is to be deleted from the News database. The items are hN stored using batch format (items are delimited by a line of the form "#!rnews J <size>. The items are appended to the archive file until the archive file M reaches 250k bytes in size, when a new version of the archive file is opened.t  J This is not a terribly useful archive format, and some kind of compressed Q library format which could be directly access by NEWS would be more useful. Such cN a change to the archive format may be implemented in a future version of NEWS. SKIP      N SKIP is used to mark individual newsitems or all newsitems within a newsgroup ? as having been read by the user without viewing the item texts.e  H If the screen is displaying the newsitem directory, then SKIP marks the J 'current' newsitem as read, and advances the newsitem pointer to the next 	 newsitem.K  N If the screen is displaying the newsgroup directory screen, or the /NEWSGROUP N qualifier is specified, then ALL newsitems within the 'current' newsgroup are  marked as having been read.   # See Also:  UNREAD, UNSKIP, SET SEEN    Command Qualifiers:r   /ALLQ This qualifier will mark ALL news items in ALL newsgroups as having been read by  	 the user.'   /POINTERM This command marks all newsitems up to (and including) the 'current' item as  M having been viewed by the user. This qualifier may only refer to the current .- newsgroup. (/UPTO is a synonym for /POINTER).r   /BEFORE=dateP This command marks all items in the current newsgroup which were created on the I local system before the date specified as having been viewed by the user.t  Q This qualifier may also be used with the /ALL qualifier to mark all items in all gE newsgroups, created before the specified date, as having been viewed.   O The date format is the standard VMS date-time format; e.g. SKIP/BEFORE=22-FEB.  7 TODAY and YESTERDAY are accepted as valid date strings.i  	 /FOLLOWUPnL All newsitems in the current newsgroup with a subject field the same as the ( current newsitem will be marked as read.  M This command is used to skip entire conversation streams: all newsitems with a: related subject fields will be marked as having been read.  
 /NEWSGROUPL This qualifier will mark ALL items in the current newsgroup as read. If the L screen is displaying the newsgroup directory then /NEWSGROUP is the default Q action - if the screen is displaying the newsitem directory then /NONEWSGROUP is o< the default action, and only the current item will be marked SPAWN        SPAWN spawns a VMS subprocessm   Format:      SPAWN [command-string]    L Spawn a DCL level subprocess from NEWS (using LIB$SPAWN). $ LOGOUT from the  subprocess returns to NEWS.G   See Also:  ATTACH    Command Parameters   command-stringP If command string  is specified, then this command is executed and then control  is passed back to NEWS.f   Command Qualifiers   /INPUT=file-specificationnI Specifies an input file containing one or more DCL command strings to be  O executed by the spawned subprocess. If you specify a command string along with eP an input file, the command string is processed before the commands in the input @ file. Once processing is complete, the subprocess is terminated.   /LOGICAL_NAMES /LOGICAL_NAMES	Default /NOLOGICAL_NAMESH Specifies that the logical names of the parent process be copied to the Q subprocess.  When you do not want the subprocess to use the logical names of the bE parent process, enter the /NOLOGICAL_NAMES qualifier. The default is p /LOGICAL_NAMES.P   /OUTPUT=file-spec K Identifies the output file to which the results of the SPAWN operation are lQ written. You should specify an output other than SYS$OUTPUT whenever you specify rK the /NOWAIT qualifier to prevent output from being displayed while you are iQ specifying new commands. If you omit the /OUTPUT qualifier, output is written to r the current SYS$OUTPUT device.   /PROCESS=subprocess-nameL Specifies the name of the subprocess to be created. The default name of the  subprocess is USERNAME_n.l   /SYMBOLS /SYMBOLS	Default
 /NOSYMBOLSI Determines whether the system passes DCL global and local symbols to the R$ subprocess. The default is /SYMBOLS.   /WAITEL Controls whether the system waits until the subprocess is completed before  L allowing more commands to be specified. The /NOWAIT qualifier allows you to O specify new commands while the specified subprocess is running. If you specify  P /NOWAIT, you should also use /OUTPUT to direct the output to a file rather than M displaying it on the screen to prevent your terminal from being used by more q  than one process simultaneously. TOPn    I TOP sets the didplay (and the current pointer) to the top of the display.m  O This command shifts the current display to the start of the directory or text. yN In the case of newsgroup or newsitem directory screens the current pointer is ' set to the first item in the directory.b  Q This command is bound by default to the key GOLD UP-ARROW (the key sequence PF1, /
 UP-ARROW). TOPIC     6 TOPIC displays the original topic of the current item.  E This command refers to conversation streams, where each posting in a -O conversation contain explicit references to the preceding articles in the same o
 conversation.i  O TOPIC attempts to follow this chain of reverse references back to the original eK posting at the head of these backward references, or if this posting is no rM longer available, locates the oldest item in the conversation and display it.o  ! TOPIC is a synonym for READ/TOPICo   See Also: READ   Command Qualifiers:L   /HEADER N Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default only the K subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the display.    /EDITORfQ Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By default this  N is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical name. See M the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility with previous e0 versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.   /ROT13M Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts the o newsitem for display.h UNMARK      " UNMARK is used to clear MARK Tags.   Format:i     UNMARK [tag]  N UNMARK clears the mark from the current news item. If a tag is specified with Q the command, then only those tag values will be cleared. If no tag is specified, sL then all tags will be removed from the item. The tag may be specified using  wildcard characters.  ) See Also:     MARK, CLEAR MARK, SHOW MARK  UNREAD      ) UNREAD  marks the current item as unseen.   Q The current item will be marked with the unread flag, and will be displayed at a .P later stage by the READ/NEW command (if the item is in a registered newsgroup). E This command is useful to mark items for re-reading at a later stage.    Command Qualifiers:s   /ALLJ 	This qualifier causes all items in the current newsgroup to be marked as  unseen.n UNSKIP      E UNSKIP undoes the result of the most recent SKIP or SET SEEN command.o  Q NEWS will store the identification label of all items marked as seen by the most  L recent SKIP or SET COMMAND. UNSKIP will reset all such items back to unseen  status.s UP      M UP  is a cursor movement command, normally bound to the cursor movement keys.f   Format:s     UP [number]   N In screen mode this moves the cursor up one line. The command has an optional 3 number parameter of the number of lines to move up.r  Q This command is bound to the up arrow key on the terminal (unless line-edit mode oQ is set), and the command UP 18 is bound to the PREVSCREEN key. UP is also bound e to Keypad 5. UPDATE      M UPDATE is used to update the NEWS directories with the details of any recent  	 postings.N   Format:m     UPDATE [newsgroup]  I When NEWS is invoked it takes a snapshot of the local NEWS database, and  P presents this snapshot in a directory format to the user. If another user posts P to NEWS, or the NEWS transport system reads in a news batch during your session 7 your local copy of the database summary is not updated.e       P UPDATE clears the image section which maps the database and reads in a new copy L of the database snapshot, including any changes made since your session was  started.   Command Parameters:   	 newsgrouptH If newsgroup is specified then the update function is performed on that  newsgroup only.W VERSION       K VERSION  displays the software version and creation date of the local NEWS e	 software.r  , The command has no parameters or qualifiers.  1 The command VERSION is a synonym for SHOW VERSION    See Also:  SHOW VERSIONs WRITEa      ) WRITE  is synonymous to the POST command.w   Format:d     WRITE   [filename]  K WRITE is used to post a new news item into NEWS. By default, the editor is eM invoked to form the new posting. The default editor is TPU, but this is user )N definable - see the chapter on customisation to specify a different editor to  use.  N NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and will prompt for all header P items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the newsgroups to post the  item into).e  K If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated newsgroups, the posting is dK automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address, and NOT posted   directly to NEWS.a  3 See Also:    ANSWER, FOLLOWUP, FORWARD, POST, REPLYe   Command Parameters:p   filenameO If filename is specified in the command, the editor is loaded with the text of tI the specified file, otherwise the editor is invoked to create a new file.r   Command Qualifiers:d   /EDITeQ The default action is to call the editor to create the posting. If you specify a nQ file as a parameter to the WRITE command, and also specify the qualifier /NOEDIT    , no call is made to the editor.   /CONTROL="string"dM /CONTROL is a NEWS Manager privileged qualifier. The string specified as the nQ value of this qualifier is inserted into the posting as a "Control:" header line c
 argument.    /HEADERSI Write will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list of VO newsgroups to post the item into. All other header lines of the news item text s# will be filled with default values.n  P The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components of the item  header. These fields are:a  = Summary:   A one line summary of the contents of the posting.   K Reply-To:   The (internet) mail address for REPLYing to the item - used if eP replies are to be sent to a mail address OTHER than yourself (as the originator  of the item.  K Distribution:   A (comma separated) list of keywords designed to limit the oP distribution of a news item to a subset of the network. These keywords are site P specific, but commonly include the keyword "local" (do not forward to the net!).  N Followup-To:   The list of newsgroups where followup postings are to be sent. 7 This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.   J Keywords:   A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate to other # readers if the item is of interest.n  N Expires:  A date to indicate the end of the useful life of the information in N the message. NEWS will reject expirations greater than 12 months as being too  outlandish.P   /NEWSGROUPS=newsgrouplist P This qualifier specifies the list of newsgroups to receive the posting. If this O qualifier value is not specified, the user is prompted for the newsgroups. The s2 list is a comma separated list of newsgroup names.   /ROT13I 	Specifies that the body of the posting will be encrypted using ROT13 on h posting to NEWS.   /SELFOH 	If specified a copy of your posting is mailed to yourself via VMS MAIL.   /SUBJECT="subject string"RI 	Specifies the subject of the message for the heading. If not specified, U, the user is prompted for the subject string.        N This section describes how moderated newsgroups are configured and maintained.  M A moderated newsgroup is one where posting to the newsgroup is barred to all  P users other than the nominated moderator. Only the moderator may post new items N into the newsgroup, and only the original sender, the moderator and the local O system manager may post a cancel referring to an item in a moderated newsgroup.d  E Where users attempt to post to a moderated newsgroup, the posting is eO automatically re-directed to the newsgroup moderator address as mail addressed   to the moderator's address.l  " Management of Moderated Newsgroups  M The local news manager is responsible for defining moderated newsgroups, and pN also specifying the address of the moderator. The management commands are the Q SET NEWSGROUP and the CREATE commands, specifying the qualifier /MODERATOR, with d8 the moderator's address as the value of this qualifier.   O Some network-wide newsgroups are also moderated newsgroups. This is managed by  H the "checkgroups" control message, which specifies which newsgroups are L moderated (but note that this message will not specify the actual moderator 
 address).   Q The local specification of moderated newsgroups is held in two areas of the NEWS AK database: each newsgroup descriptor contains a flag indicating whether the mO newsgroup is moderated or not, and a second file (the MAILPATHS file) contains c+ the addresses of all newsgroup moderators.    N The format of the "mailpaths" file, containing the moderated newsgroup names, P and the internet address of the moderator. However this file does not contain a O comprehensive list of newsgroup moderators for the network-defined newsgroups: hN when examining the support structures for the USENET news network, one of the J relevant aspects of the network is the presence on the net of a number of I "backbone" sites. These backbone sites contain an up-to-date list of the lM moderators of all network newsgroups, and are also configured to forward all 1M moderated newsgroup postings on to the correct moderator. The scheme used in ]K addressing the moderator via a backbone site is one where a posting to the OJ moderated newsgroup "comp.animals" (say) is directed to the address "comp-M animals@<backbone_node>". The reserved newsgroup name "backbone" matches all OL newsgroups, and the address may contain the string "%s", which requires the O actual newsgroup name to be substituted, with '_' replacing all '.' characters iB in the newsgroup name. The scan of the file is first match found.   N Once the "mailpaths" file is initialized with the backbone entry, all further P modifications to the file can be performed within NEWS, using the SET NEWSGROUP 	 command. Y   POST  O The POST command will normally re-direct all postings to a moderated newsgroup   to the moderator (as mail).   H However if the user's internet address (built by using the logical name O translation of NEWS_ADDRESS in the format "<username>@<news_address>") matches  P the moderator address, the posting is allowed, and the posted item is marked as O "Approved" so that the item will be distributed correctly through the network. t   ADD FILE/MODERATOR  Q This is a variant of the ADD FILE command, and is the method whereby a newsgroup oK moderator may add new items into the newsgroup. This differs from the POST  P command in so far as the "From:" address is preserved as the original submitter O when using the ADD command, whereas POST assumes the posting was originated by   the moderator.  O If the original submitter posted to a number of moderated newsgroups, then the iQ procedure will request confirmation to forward the item to the next moderator in hM turn, or if the item is already approved by all other moderators the posting  N will then be placed in all the moderated newsgroups specified by the original 
 submitter.  K Other optional qualifiers to the ADD command are documented in the command  H reference section of this manual, and are available with the /MODERATOR  qualifier. u   CANCEL  N The CANCEL command is also altered by a moderated newsgroup, in so far as the Q moderator of the newsgroup may issue the CANCEL command (as well as the original   submitter).E      J NNTP_XMIT is a utility used to send news items from the local system to a Q remote system using the NNTP transfer protocols. The actual protocol used is the  Q local system sending "ihave" messages to the remote system notifying that system sL of locally held message identifier strings, to which the remote system will P either respond with a "please send me" string to receive the actual text of the L relevant item, or a rejection indicating that it already has the item. This H utility essentially makes the local system is the active partner in the 	 transfer.m  P The list of message identifier strings is set up by NEWS itself when performing O both ADDing of NEWS batch files or local POSTing of news items. In either case  P the NEWS.SYS file is consulted, and if the system flag is 'n' or 'nx', then the N message identifier string is appended into the message file for each relevant  remote system.  Q The message identifier files are, by default, organised as sequential text files YP with one identifier string per line. In most cases this should be adequate, but O where the NEWS traffic level is high, or the remote system is connected with a  Q low bandwidth line, there may be contention on this file between the NEWS writer gI and the NNTP_XMIT reader. In such cases the 'nx' flag should used in the LQ NEWS.SYS file, and a shared access RMS indexed file is used to store the message p identifier strings.    Installation  O NEWS_FILES:[NEWS_DIST]NNTP_XMIT.EXE is created by the NEWSBUILD procedure. The  Q installation procedure is to copy this file to the news_manager area, and ensure .F that the protection (or ACLs) on the .EXE file are such that only the P NEWS_MANAGER account may execute the program. The NEW_MANAGER account login.com  should also contain the entry:) 	$ NNTP_XMIT :== $ NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_XMITd    	 Executionp  ? The execution of NNTP_XMIT should be using a procedure such as:h: 	$ ! Obtain SYSPRV to allow reading of all NEWS item files 	$ SET PROC/PRIV=SYSPRVe 	$ NNTP_XMIT command parameters    Command Parameters  O $ NNTP_XMIT [-s] [-x] [-t decnet-task] node protocol id-file [log-file] [debug-, file]h   -s		optional parameterD 	-s is used in conjunction with the DECnet protocol to specify that O stream input routines should be used instead of record-based input calls. This oN is only relevant when connecting to a remote NNTP server running on an Ultrix J platform over DECnet. For remote VMS systems, this option is not required.   -x		optional parameter? 	-x is used to specify that the id-file is an RMS indexed file WN (corresponding to the 'nx' flag in the NEWS.SYS file entry.. If not specified = sequential text read functions will be used to read the file.t  ! -t decnet-task	optional parametertC 	-t is used to specify the remote DECnet object string. By default aO NNTP_XMIT will attempt to connect to the defined task for the remote node. For hO remote Ultrix DECnet NNTP servers the parameter  -t NNTP=  should be used. The  ; parameter is not consulted if the TCP protocol is selected.    node			required parameterfG 	node is used to specify the name of the remote system. In the case of cM DECnet this is normally the DECnet nodename, and in the case of TCP, the TCP n< node name. An IP address may be used instead of a node name.   protocol	required parameter I 	protocol is used to specify the transport protocol to use. This keyword 2I may be either DECNET or TCP. In the case of TCP, normally NEWSBUILD will tP determine which of the supported TCP implementations (Multinet, WIN or CMU) has Q been loaded into the local system, and will use this as the default TCP protocol  Q automatically. The keywords MULTINET, WIN and CMU may be used instead of TCP. In lQ the case of TCP the NNTP_XMIT process will attempt to connect to remote TCP port  " 119 (the remote NNTP_server port).   id-file		required parameter G 	id-file is the full filename of the message-identifier file to use as h input to the NNTP_XMIT process.N   log-file		optional parameterE 	log-file is the name of a file to which will be appended a one line  M summary of the activity of the NNTP_XMIT process on completion. This summary  M will list the number of identifiers offered to the remote system, the number s< accepted, rejected, and the number of local lookup failures.   debug-file	optional parameteraH 	debug file is the name of a file which will receive a full traffic log P of NNTP_XMIT. This file will expand quite rapidly when processing a large batch M of identifiers, so the parameter should be used only in a controlled testing   environment.  O Alternatively the command parameters may be specified using a conventional VMS e qualifier syntax:l  @ $ NNTP_XMIT/NODE=node/PROTOCOL=proto/IDFILE=idfile[/LOGFILE=log]:        [/TASK=task][/DEBUGFILE=dbgfile][/INDEXID][/STREAM]     Logical Name Environment  = There are two logical names which are consulted by NNTP_XMIT:s   NEWS_node_TASK  I 	This logical name is translated if the DECnet protocol is selected, and sK no -t command parameter is used. If this logical name is defined, then the sQ translation is used as the task string. If no such logical name exists, then the g+ default string of "TASK=NNTP" is used. e.g.t  % 	  	$ DEFINE NEWS_EMU_TASK    "NNTP="   J 	will cause NNTP to use the object string "NNTP=" when connecting to node  EMU.  	 NEWS_STOPu  H 	If defined as a /SYSTEM/EXEC logical name, NNTP_XMIT will not run, and P the process will stop as soon as this name is defined during execution (see the  next section).   Actions.  J NNTP_XMIT will establish a NNTP connection to the remote system, and then P commence a sequence of "ihave" messages to the remote server. The remote server : will respond with either a send text or a reject response.  ! This process will continue until:e  / a) 	the input identifier file is fully read, or,  Q b)  5,000 message identifiers are offered to the remote system (this number is a  9 compile time constant, NNTP_MAX_OFFER in NNTP_XMIT.C), orl  E c) 	the logical name 'NEWS_STOP" is defined on the local system as a s /STSTEM/EXEC logical name, ori  < d)	the remote or local system terminates the transport link.  B There are two ways in which NNTP_XMIT manages the identifier file:  Q Sequential files (the default reader) are opened in read mode, and a second work "L file NNTP_pid.tmp is opened in the same directory in write mode. If an item N cannot be locally read, then the text will be written to this temp file for a O subsequent retry. If the transfer is terminated before complete reading of the  P input file, all unoffered message identifier strings are then written into this L work file. On exit the original input file is deleted, and the work file is ( renamed to the original input file name.  M With indexed files, NNTP_XMIT makes a sequential pass thorough the file. All  P offers (i.e. remote acceptance or remote rejection) are followed by deletion of 3 the corresponding record from the identifier file. m   Compilation constantsb   NNTP_MAX_OFFERI 	The maximum number of items to offer to the remote system in any single c- execution pass. Distribution setting is 5000.n   CLIENT_TIMERJ 	The maximum time which the local system will wait for remote data before K terminating the link on a timeout. The distribution value is 250 (seconds).   
 RESP_TIMERI 	The maximum time to wait when "pinging" the remote system to check that n: it is still alive. The distribution value is 30 (seconds).   Examples  J 	$ nntp_xmit wombat.bush.au tcp news_manager_dev:[ihave_wombat]wombat.idx  -E 	 _$ news_manager:nntpxmit.log  J The above command will contact the remote system wombat.bush.au using tcp.    J $ nntp_xmit emu decnet -s -t "NNTP=" news_manager_dev:[ihave_emu]emu.ids -  _$  news_manager:nntpxmit.log  P The above command will use DECnet to contact the remote Ultrix NNTP server over  DECnet  A $ nntp_xmit koala decnet news_manager_dev:[ihave_koala]koala.ids t news_manager:nntpxmit.logf  L       The above command will use DECNET to contact a remote VMS NNTP server.      O NNTP_XFER is a utility used to retrieve news items from a remote system to the nP local system using the NNTP transfer protocols. The actual protocol used is the M local system sending "newnews" messages to the remote system requesting that .Q system to transmit the message identifier strings of remote held items, to which 8Q the local system may respond with a subsequent sequence of "article" requests to  P retrieve those items not held locally. This utility essentially makes the local - system is the active partner in the transfer.f  M The list of message identifier strings returned is not filtered: all message XP identifiers of both remote local and remote network news items are returned. It I is left to the local NEWS system to apply a local filter to all articles "L returned by NNTP_XFER while adding these items into the local NEWS database.   Installation  O NEWS_FILES:[NEWS_DIST]NNTP_XFER.EXE is created by the NEWSBUILD procedure. The sQ installation procedure is to copy this file to the news_manager area, and ensure NF that the protection (or ACLs) on the .EXE file are such that only the Q NEWS_MANAGER account may execute the program. The NEWS_MANAGER account login.com e should also contain the entry:) 	$ NNTP_XFER :== $ NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_XFER     	 Executions  ? The execution of NNTP_XFER should be using a procedure such as:C: 	$ ! Obtain SYSPRV to allow reading of all NEWS item files 	$ SET PROC/PRIV=SYSPRV  	$ NNTP_XFER command parametersy     Command Parameters  D $ NNTP_XFER -n node -p proto [-l log] [-d days] [-h hours] [-t task]              [-g group] [-s] [-o]   -n node		required parameteriG 	node is used to specify the name of the remote system. In the case of tM DECnet this is normally the DECnet nodename, and in the case of TCP, the TCP p< node name. An IP address may be used instead of a node name.   -p protocol	required parameterI 	protocol is used to specify the transport protocol to use. This keyword  I may be either DECNET or TCP. In the case of TCP, normally NEWSBUILD will  P determine which of the supported TCP implementations (Multinet, WIN or CMU) has Q been loaded into the local system, and will use this as the default TCP protocol fQ automatically. The keywords MULTINET, WIN and CMU may be used instead of TCP. In cQ the case of TCP the NNTP_XMIT process will attempt to connect to remote TCP port  " 119 (the remote NNTP_server port).   -l log		optional parameterH 	log is the name of a file to which will be appended a one line summary O of the activity of the NNTP_XFER process on completion. This summary will list wM the number of identifiers offered to the remote system, the number accepted, =2 rejected, and the number of local lookup failures.   -d days		optional parametereD 	days  is used to specify that NNTP_XFER should request all message P identifiers that were added to the remote system in the period days days before N the most recent NNTP_XFER call to this remote system and the current time. If Q the parameter is set to 0, then only those identifiers added since the last call sN (plus 1 hour) will be returned. i.e. if the last call to node was at 10:00 am N Wednesday, a parameter of -d 0 will request all messages added since 10:00 am Q Wednesday, and a parameter of -d 1 will request all messages added since 10:00am e Tuesday.  G 	This is not as straightforward as it sounds, as VMS always uses local  O time, whereas some Unix systems assume all NNTP dates are GMT dates. Also when oO working across timezones some fine adjustment is also needed to compensate for v the time difference.   -h hours	optional parameter=J 	hours  specifies the additional hours to add onto the time search in the  same fashion as days.b   -t task		optional parameter F 	task  is used to specify the remote DECnet object string. By default O NNTP_XMIT will attempt to connect to the defined task for the remote node. For dO remote Ultrix DECnet NNTP servers the parameter  -t NNTP=  should be used. The DQ parameter is not consulted if the TCP protocol is selected. The default value is   "TASK=NNTP"=   -g group		optional parameterF 	group  is used to specify the newsgroup to be searched on the remote M system. If the parameter is omitted then all newsgroups on the remote system EQ are searched. The group parameter may either contain the name of a single group, oP or a list of newsgroups delimited by a comma. The "8" wildcard character may be J used, as well as the '!' character to exclude spcific newsgroups from the < resultant wildcard expansion. The default value used is "*".   -s			optional parameter D 	-s is used in conjunction with the DECnet protocol to specify that O stream input routines should be used instead of record-based input calls. This wN is only relevant when connecting to a remote NNTP server running on an Ultrix J platform over DECnet. For remote VMS systems, this option is not required.   -o		optional parameterH 	-o is used to echo all NNTP traffic to the screen. This option is only  used for debugging purposes.    O Alternatively the command parameters may be specified using a conventional VMS   qualifier syntax:   C $ NNTP_XFER/NODE=node/PROTOCOL=proto[/LOGFILE=log][/DAYOFFSET=days] F        [/HOUROFFSET=hours][/TASK=task][/GROUPS=group][/STREAM][/DEBUG]     Logical Name Environment  : There is one logical name which is consulted by NNTP_XFER:   NEWS_node_TASK  I 	This logical name is translated if the DECnet protocol is selected, and eK no -t command parameter is used. If this logical name is defined, then the iQ translation is used as the task string. If no such logical name exists, then the  + default string of "TASK=NNTP" is used. e.g.   % 	  	$ DEFINE NEWS_EMU_TASK    "NNTP="h  J 	will cause NNTP to use the object string "NNTP=" when connecting to node  EMU.   Actions   Q NNTP_XFER will first open status files. All file names used by NNTP_XFER use the eN remote node name as a part of the file name. When constructing filenames, all F '.' characters in the remote node name are replaced by '-' characters.O e.g. connecting to "wombat.bush.au" will result is a set of files of the form: h news_manager:*wombat-bush-au*.*l   The files used are:a  M NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_node.LASTCALL. This file contains the time of the previous o/ successful execution of NNTP_XFER to this node.   A NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_node.IDS. This is a work file used by NNTP_XFERe  M NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_node_partno.BATCH  are output files generated by NNTP_XFER.a  K In the case that the -g parameter is specified the "node" component of the rB abovce filenames is expanded to the string "node_group-parameter".  P NNTP_XFER establishes a connection to the remote system, and then looks for any K existing .IDS files which refer to the remote node. If any are found, then -L NNTP_XFER will read the file (containing a list of message identifiers, and C retrieve the text of the items, placing them into the output files.e  J The second phase is establishing the date and time of the last successful O NNTP_XFER run, and requesting the remote system to transfer the message ids of eM all new items which were loaded since the specified time (the "newnews" NNTP  G command). The output of this is placed in a .IDS output file. The NNTP sI connection with the remote system is terminated at the end of this phase.   K The third phase of NNTP_XFER reads the .IDS file created from the previous eN phase, and attempts to locate the message identifiers on the local data base. L All items that are not held locally are placed in a new version of the .IDS K file. On completion of this phase the previous version of the .IDS file is   deleted.  L In the final phase contact is reestablished with the remote system, and all L identifiers in the .IDS file are passed to the remote system to collect the G corresponding texts. (using the "article" NNTP command). On successful  Q completion the .IDS file is deleted, and all collected texts are in NNTP *.BATCH r files in NEWS_MANAGER.  5 The .LASTCALL file is updated, and the program exits.f  I The output BATCH files can then be processed by the NEWS ADD command for a" inclusion into the local database.     Compilation constantsd   MAX_BATCH_SIZEH 	NNTP_XFER appends each collected item into a batch file. A new version P of the file is created once the size of the file exceeds the specified size (in ; bytes). The distribution code sets this constant to 250000.    MAX_RESTART_ATTEMPTaI 	NNTP_XFER will stay connected for considerable periods, particularly if  Q there are low speed links between two systems, and the link may be broken by the pP underlying TCP software. NNTP_XFER will attempt to restart a broken connection, E which often is sufficient. To stop these restart attempts continuing EP indefinitely, NNTP_XFER will only restart a link a certain number of times. The + distribution code sets this constant to 20.    CLIENT_TIMERJ 	The maximum time which the local system will wait for remote data before K terminating the link on a timeout. The distribution value is 250 (seconds).h  
 RESP_TIMERI 	The maximum time to wait when "pinging" the remote system to check that t: it is still alive. The distribution value is 30 (seconds).       Examples  B 	$ nntp_xfer -n wombat.bush.au -p tcp -l news_manager:nntpxfer.log  F 	This command will contact the remote system wombat.bush.au using tcp.  K $ nntp_xmit -n emu -p decnet -s -t "NNTP=" -l news_manager:nntpxfer.log -g s	 animals.*o  G 	This command will use DECnet to contact the remote Ultrix NNTP server e/ over DECnet for newsgroups matching "animals.*"e  ; $ nntp_xmit -n koala -p decnet -l news_manager:nntpxfer.logp  B 	This command will use DECNET to contact a remote VMS NNTP server.        L NNTP_CLIENT is a utility used to test reachability to a remote NNTP server. Q The program attempts to establish an interactive session with the remote server, iH allowing the user to send NNTP commands to the server. In the case of a P connection made over TCP, this is equivalent to a telnet  session to the remote F NNTP port; telnet/port=119. There is no direct equivalent with DECnet.     Installation  Q NEWS_FILES:[NEWS_DIST]NNTP_CLIENT.EXE is created by the NEWSBUILD procedure. The pE installation procedure is to copy this file to the news_manager area.p    	 Execution   J The execution of NNTP_CLIENT is by simple invocation with the RUN command: 	$ RUN NNTP_CLIENT   Command Parameters  Q There are no command line parameters to NNTP_CLIENT. The program prompts for all   required settings.   	$ RUN NNTP_CLIENTI 	Node: enter  DECnet nodename,  TCP /IP  node name,  or  TCP/IP   addresss6 	Channel: (DECNET, TCP)? [DECNET]: enter DECNET or TCP  O If a DECNET channel is selected the following additional DECnet parameters are   required by NNTP_CLIENT:  ) 	Decnet objects are commonly of the form:m8 		TASK=NNTP	used by most VMS NNTP server implementations$ 		NNTP=		used by Ultrix NNTP servers5 		NEWS=		used by some VMS NNTP server implementationsuH 	Decnet Object string? [TASK=NNTP] : enter task string,  or use default  valuerH 	Use DECnet stream input calls (normally only with Ultrix NNTP server)?  [N]: Y or ND   Actionst  Q Following the prompts, NNTP_CLIENT attempts to connect to the remote server, and pQ if successful this should result in a "200" response from the server. This is of u the general form:i   	200 NNTP server ready  O At this stage valid NNTP commands may be entered (see RFC977 for a description dJ of NNTP commands). The program will exit when the remote system drops the 9 connection (after an entered quit command, or a ^Y input.t  E The program is a constructed from two simple reader / writers, using iK asynchronous signals. One process accepts user input records and sends the  Q complete record to the NNTP server , while the second process assembles complete s< server output records and displays them on the local screen.      N NEWS management is a two level hierarchy: management of individual newsgroups O can be set as the responsibility of various local newsgroup managers (or local  N supervisor), while overall management of NEWS is the responsibility of a news 	 manager. a   NEWSGROUP MANAGEMENT  O A user is nominated as a local newsgroup manager using the ADD MEMBER command, rK granting the specified user "MODERATE" privilege. The user can then access ,L newsgroup management commands by first enabling the privilege using the SET  MODERATOR command. e  M A newsgroup moderator can modify the access list of a newsgroup (ADD MEMBER,  O DELETE MEMBER, MODIFY MEMBER) and can also cancel any local postings made into tK the managed newsgroup (CANCEL). The management domain of a local newsgroup  P manager does not extend outside the local system, and all operations accessible ; to the local newsgroup manager only affect the local node. =   NEWS MANAGEMENTs  N NEWS managers are identified to NEWS by holding a site-specific identifier. A I user with this identifier can access all newsgroups regardless of access hO restrictions, and can issue all management commands, including local newsgroup iQ management commands. All management commands check to determine whether the user  0 is a NEWS manager before executing the command.   P The news manager normally controls the execution of the batch jobs which update I and skim off the local NEWS database (ADD and SKIM commands), and manage eH attributes of the local database (SET commands). All these commands are Q documented in the command reference section of this document, with a note to the t6 effect that the command is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command.   G The responsibility of the local NEWS manager also includes that of the aL maintenance of the various site-specific control files. The files and their Q function are documented in the sections describing the NEWS distribution set and h NEWS installation.        N The software is distributed in source and executable formats. The executables G for V6.0 were compiled and linked using VAX/VMS V5.3 and VAX 11 C V3.1.p  < There are four savesets which make up the full distribution: 	NEWS_V60_SRC.BCKs 	NEWS_V60_OBJ.BCKa 	NEWS_V60_DIST.BCK 	NEWS_V60_DOC.BCK   N The following is an annotated directory listing of the NEWS V6.0 distribution 
 file sets:   11.1  SRC Distribution  P The SRC kit contains the sources to the NEWS package. The files in that kit are  as follows.M     VMS system definition files:  F UAF.H	Definition of the SYSUAF record contents (from UAFDEF). Used by  ARBITRON.C.l  O Other system definition files are used from sys$library - these files are part  O of the VAX 11 C package (Release 3.0 or later), and are also part of the GNU C t package.    O NEWS utility definition files. These are the common include files added to the eL start of all NEWS source code modules. Together they implement a consistent E compile-time environment for all modules that are used to build NEWS:   - NEWSDEFINE.H		Constant and macro definitions.E  C NEWSEXTERN.H		External variable definition for source modules, and e function profile definitions.   6 NEWSINCLUDE.H	Include file set for all source modules.  A NEWSSITE.H		NEWS compile-time constants - may be altered to suit   local requirements.   8 NEWSVARIABLES.H	NEWS global variables definition module.    N The following set are the C sources to the main NEWS program. The modules are ? split on the basis of the commands that each module implements:h  1 NEWS.C			NEWS entry point and outer control loop.     NEWSADD.C		Add command routines.  : NEWSCALLEDIT.C	Interface to a customizable callable editor  % NEWSCLASSES.C		Class support routines   - NEWSCONFIGS.C		Configuration support routinest  = NEWSCONTROL.C	Routines to interpret network Control: messagest  & NEWSDELETE.C		Delete command routines.  ' NEWSDIR.C			Directory command routines.   + NEWSDISPLAY.C		Display item text on screen.e  D NEWSDIST.C		Routines to manage the news network configuration files.  - NEWSEXTRACT.C	Extract/Print command routines.s  ' NEWSFILES.C		File manipulation routines   2 NEWSFORWARD.C	Forward/Reply/Mail command routines.  " NEWSHELP.C		Help command routines.   NEWSKILL.C		Kill routines    NEWSLOCK.C		System lock supportT  / NEWSMOD.C		Moderated newsgroup support routiness  ' NEWSMODE.C		Set terminal mode routines.i  + NEWSPOST.C		Post/Followup command routines.C  & NEWSPROFILE.C		Profile support routine  ; NEWSRC.C			Routines to read and write the NEWS profile filew  " NEWSREAD.C		Read command routines.  4 NEWSREGISTER.C	Register/Deregister command routines.  > NEWSREMCLIENT.C	Utility routines to access remote NNTP Server.  : NEWSRTL.C			Common utility routines used by both NEWS and  NNTP.t  & NEWSSEARCH.C		Search command routines.  & NEWSSELECT.C		Select command routines.  K NEWSSETSHOW.C	Set and Show command routines, plus create newsgroup support.c  6 NEWSSITE.C		Loading site specific logical name values.  " NEWSSKIM.C		Skim command routines.  " NEWSSKIP.C		SKIP command routines.  1 NEWSUTILITY.C		Various utility routines for NEWS.   I NEWSV58_UPGRADE.C	Conversion routines to build NEWS V5.8/9 from pre V5.8   NEWS versions.    J NEWSV60_UPGRADE.C	Conversion routines to build NEWS V6.0 from V5.8/9 NEWS 
 versions.   > NEWSVMSMAIL.C	Routines to open a mail file for reading by NEWS  @ ADD_TRANSFORM.C	Translation from internet address format to one  acceptable to VMS MAIL.r    * The NEWS command language definition file:  L NEWSCMD.CLD	NEWS command language definition file (NEWS uses the CLI parser  command parsing).)    / The source modules for the NNTP implementation:e  8 NNTP_CLIENT.C		Interactive access to remote NNTP server.  * NNTP_DEC.C		DECNET driver for NNTP server.  L NNTP_DECM.C	DECNET driver for NNTP server, supporting multiple clients on a  single server process.  1 NNTP_SERVER.C	Source for NNTP NEWS Server object.N  L NNTP_TCPCMU.C	TCP driver for NNTP server, for the CMU/Tek implementation of  TCP/IP for VMS.   F NNTP_TCPWINMULTINET.C	TCP driver for NNTP server for Multinet and WIN  TCP/IP implementations.i  < NNTP_TTY.C		TTY (interactive access) driver for NNTP server.  F NNTP_XFER.C		NNTP client to transfer NEWS items from a remote node to  the local node.   F NNTP_XMIT.C		NNTP client to transfer NEWS items to a remote node from  the local node.o  6 NEWGRPFILE.C		Maintenance program for news.groups file  5 NEWITMFILE.C		Maintenance program for news.items files    ! NEWS On-line help library source:R   NEWS.HLP			Help library source.i     Compilation and link files:   I NEWSBUILD.COM	DCL command procedure to perform a make of NEWS executables   ( OPTIONS_C_LINK.OPT	Link options commands  K OPTIONS_C_MULTINETLINK.OPT	Link options command file with Multinet support.l  A OPTIONS_C_UCXIPCLINK.OPT		Link options command file with UCX IPC   socket support.a    N Additional utilities (Included within the NEWS distribution - the VMS port of L these utilities were performed by Lenny Glassman (Arbitron), and  Earle Ake 
 (INPATHS).  , ARBITRON.C		NEWS usage information gatherer.  + INPATHS.C			NEWS flow information gatherer.v       11.2  OBJ Distribution  P The OBJ distribution contains the object library modules and the "dummy" object O files used in the BUILDNEWS command procedure. Note that many of the OBJ files uN are actually text files - these files are used only to determine the date and N time of the last change to the corresponding module within the object library Q files, and hence do not need to contain the actual compiled object code. To save oQ space the BUILDNEWS.COM procedure replaces the object file with an object marker e5 file following the change to the object library file.a  P The individual .OBJ files are not listed here. The two object library files are:  = NEWS_LIBRARY.OLB	Object modules compiled with OPT and NODEBUGe  > NEWS_LIBRARYD.OLB Object modules compiled with NOOPT and DEBUG       11.3   DIST Distribution  J This distribution contains the executables and the associated DCL command A procedures, control template files, and with release information.t   Release information:  9 AAAREADME.TXT	Introductory documentation and license forms  3 NEWS.DOC			The ascii plain text verion of this fileu  P Executable files. All executables in this release have been compiled and linked  under VMS V5.3-1.e   NEWS.EXE			The NEWS applicationb  + NNTP_DEC.EXE		NNTP server, DECnet transporta  B NNTP_DECM.EXE	NNTP server, DECnet transport, multithreaded server.  6 NNTP_TCPCMU.EXE	NNTP server, CMU/Tek TCP/IP transport.  1 NNTP_TTY.EXE		NNTP server, interactive interface.I  7 NNTP_CLIENT.EXE	NNTP interactive client (test utility).   > NNTP_XFER.EXE		NEWS network transport utility, NNTP protocols.   On-line HELP file:  ) NEWS.HLB			On-line help library for NEWS.n  Q Template files. All the files in the next list are site-specific template files,  P which MUST be edited before installing on the local system. Each of these files Q contains detailed descriptions of how the file is to be edited, and what aspects e4 of NEWS are controlled by the contents of the files.  E MAILPATHS	Template of the control file used to generate the internet- - format addresses of moderators of newsgroups.s  H NEWS.DISTRIBUTION	Template of news distribution control file -- used to I determine the network routing of newsitems between adjacent news network W neighbours.i  I NEWS.SYS	Template of the control file used to determine which newsgroups eI and distribution keywords are accepted by the local NEWS site, and which tO newsgroups and distribution keywords are accepted by the local node's adjacent a NEWS network neighbours.  F SETUP_LOG_EXAMPLE.COM	Template file for NEWS logical name definitions.  F NEWSSKIM.COM	Template automatic news management routine (designed for & periodic execution in a batch stream).  L NEWSADD.COM	Component of NEWSSKIM which handles addition of network batches % and distribution to downstream sites.r  K NEWSDAILY.COM	Component of NEWSSKIM which performs expiration of items and n1 internal consistency checks on the news database.a  K NEWSPACK.COM	Component of NEWSSKIM which calls CONVERT to compress the RMS h indexed files.  E NEWS_ADDRESS.CNF	Template file for translation rules to map internet- B style addresses to a form acceptable to the local VMS MAIL system.  L NEWS_POST.CC	Template file for the automatic generation of carbon copies of  all local postings.   E NEWS_POST.DEFAULTS	Default header definition file for local postings.e  N NNTP_FEED.COM	Template for passing NEWS distributions to adjacent nodes using  the NNTP protocols.d  D NNTP_ACCESS.NEWS	Template for NNTP permissions file to control NNTP  access to the local node.t  K NEWS.ALIASES	Template of local news newsgroup alias definitions -- used to  4 create a local aliases for a network newsgroup name.  D NEWSEDIT_EXAMPLE.COM	Template file for invoking an editor from NEWS * (other than callable TPU or callable EDT).  I The following are user-contributed files which have been added into this  
 distribution:   + ADDNEWS.COM	Alternate NEWS batch add scripte  H NEWSSKIM_ALT.COM	Alternate template file for NEWS management operations.  ) DCLNEWS.HLP	DCL-level help file for NEWS.o     11.4   DOC Distributione  ) NEWS.LATEX	LaTeX source of this document.e  J FILES.TEX	Component of NEWS.LATEX - description of distribution files and  installation proceduresC  E MGR.TEX	Component of NEWS.LATEX - description of management commands.r  @ USER.TEX	Component of NEWS.LATEX - description of user commands.  3 RFC977.DOC	News Network Transfer Protocol standard.H  5 NEWS-STANDARD.DOC	Usenet news standard (pre-RFC1036).p  B NEWS-STANDARD.ANNOTATED	Standard, annotated with capabilities and / exceptions related to this version of VMS NEWS.d  ! RFC1036.DOC	USENET News standard.S      P The following section describe the necessary steps to install NEWS on a system. O Note that where possible these steps should be performed in the order as given -
 in this text.r  Q NOTE: NEWS is shipped with object and executable files included, but these files aP were built using VMS V5.3-1. If you are running a different version of VMS then 9 minimally you will need to re-link the NEWS object files e     12.1 Loading NEWS filese  J 1.	Load the source files (*.C, *.H, *.HLP, *.CLD, *.OPT and NEWSBUILD.COM H files) into the directory device:[dir.news.news_src]. This set of files J corresponds to the SRC backup saveset of the distribution. The latter two L directory names, NEWS and NEWS_SRC are critical when using the supplied DCL  newsbuild.com routine.  K 2.	Create the directory device:[dir.news.news_build]. Load the contents of a+ the OBJ backup saveset into this directory.t  I 3.	Create the directory device:[dir.news.news_dist]. Load the EXE backup   saveset into this directory.  H 4.	Create the directory device:[dir.news.news_doc]. Load the DOC backup  saveset into this directory.     12.2 Compiling and Linking NEWSs  M One command procedure performs both the compile and link phases of NEWS. The eO procedure works on the revision date-time of the file to determine whether any l, files require re-compilation before linking.  Q The procedure will also automatically include support for WIN TCP if certain WIN "P definition files are located on the system. Check the code in newsbuild.com for  details of this. s  ( Execute the newsbuild command procedure:  (     $ SET DEF device:[dir.NEWS.NEWS_SRC]     $ @NEWSBUILD  P This procedure creates a new set of .EXE files in the NEWS_DIST directory which - are used in the following installation steps.c     12.3 NEWS User Accountst  D Add an account for a NEWS manager (NEWSMGR if you'd like a username O suggestion). This account is used to execute the housekeeping batch jobs (such  M as newsskim.com if you are using it). It is also used as the account for the wQ network feeds to adjacent NEWS sites, and therefore should have proxy entries to lK adjacent DECnet nodes' NEWS manager accounts if more than one node will be T running NEWS on the DECnet.   Q The account normally requires SYSPRV to execute some of the functions associated tP with the 'housekeeping' batch jobs. The account may also need a reasonable disk M quota if you are anticipating a large amount of network news flowing through  H your system, and you make this account own the news posting directories.     12.4 NEWS Logical Namesn  P It is intended that much of the local tailoring of NEWS is performed by logical P name translations. For this reason the logical name structure is important when 5 installing NEWS - please read this section carefully.i  A NOTE: It is important that these names be defined before running s NEWS for the first time.                             G The distribution set includes the following file: setup_log_example.comh   	$ ! SETUP_LOG_EXAMPLE.COM 	$ !G 	$ ! Logical name definition template - this will need to be altered to5" 	$ ! match local site requirements 	$ ! 	$ ! Author: 	$ !     G HustonW# 	$ !       Computer Services Centret) 	$ !       Australian National Universityf 	$ !
 	$ ! Version:e 	$ !     V1.0    17-Jul-1986 	$ !     V2.0    16-Jul-1987$ 	$ !     V4.3    12-Jan-1987     GIH$ 	$ !     V5.2    26-Apr-1988     GIH$ 	$ !     V5.6     3-Nov-1988     GIH$ 	$ !     V5.7     3-Jan-1989     GIH@ 	$ !      -  Added entries for rnews and newsmail mail addresses 	$ ! 	$ iG !**********************************************************************l 	$!g 	$! root of news treeR 	$!i. 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_ROOT ANUDISK:[NEWS]@ 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/TRANS=(conc)/EXEC NEWS_DEVICE CSC3$DUB0:[NEWS.] 	$!e2 	$! News manager accounts must own this identifier 	$! - 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_MGR_ID NEWSMANAGER  	$!e8 	$! the node address is the internet address of the node 	$!d0 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_ADDRESS "CSC3.ANU.OZ" 	$!sI 	$! the node name is either the decnet node name, or cluster decnet aliass 	$!s$ 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_NODE CSC3 	$! = 	$! The "work directory" for news - normally sys$login of theo 	$! news manager account 	$!f5 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_MANAGER ANUDISK:[NEWS_MGR]sI 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/TRANS=(conc)/EXEC NEWS_MANAGER_DEV CSC3$DUB0:[NEWS_MGR.]t 	$!	$ 	$! Timezone,Organisation definition 	$! + 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_TIMEZONE "+1000"-A 	$ DEFINE NEWS_ORGANISATION "CSC, Australian National University"  	$!NA 	$! Mail addresses; these could also be setup as mail forwarding  	 addresses  	$!l! 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWSMAIL NEWSMGRt 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM RNEWS NEWSMGR 	$ DEFINE/SYSTEM USENET NEWSMGRi           NEWS_ROOT, NEWS_DEVICEI 	Both names point to the news files root directory. Both must be defined hQ in exec mode. The news data files are placed in a tree descending from this root lB - i.e. newsgroup 'aus.wanted' has text files residing in the area J news_device:[aus.wanted]. The Index files and Help file are placed in the  news_root: directory.    NEWS_MGR_IDsJ 	Translates to the identifier name which must be granted to any users who N require the management functions of NEWS (delete newsgroup, create newsgroup, Q etc). The name must be defined in exec mode to stop unauthorized users tinkering g
 with NEWS.   NEWS_ADDRESSH 	Translates to the internet address of the host node. This is typically M of the form "node.domain.part". The address is used to generate the Internet-t5 format "From" address in all postings from this node.=  	 NEWS_NODE I 	Translates to the local node name. This is made a logical name to allow eP a cluster to operate as a single logical node, using a cluster alias. All nodes O in a cluster should use the same value of NEWS_NODE. This logical name is also D2 used in the "Path:" header as the local node name.  ( NEWS_ORGANIZATION (or NEWS_ORGANISATION)@ 	Translates to the name of the organisation. This is to help in P identifying the person posting the message to other users on the net. Users may > use a process level logical name to overide this system value.  
 NEWS_TIMEZONEaF 	Translates to the local timezone code. If not defined then NEWS will K assume (incorrectly in almost all cases!) that the local timezone is "GMT".r   NEWS_MANAGER, NEWS_MANAGER_DEVH 	This is the work directory of the NEWSMGR account. All temporary files M used in news maintenance are placed here. NEWS_MANAGER_DEV is the equivalent  $ area, defined as a concealed device.   NEWSMAIL, RNEWSrE 	These are mail address aliases to allow this node to communicate to cP adjacent NEWS nodes. They should be defined as the username of the NEWS manager P account. An alternative is to use MAIL management utilities to add add an entry O for the addresses "NEWSMAIL" and "RNEWS" with a forwarding address to the NEWS c manager account (NEWSMGR).   USENETE 	This is a mail alias for the local news manager. As above, this may t6 either be a logical name or a mail forwarding address.  B There are a number of additional logical names which are optional.   NEWS_HELPLIBH 	NEWS will by default search for the online help file, NEWS.HLB, in the I areas NEWS_ROOT: and SYS$HELP: (in that order). If you wish to place the .L NEWS.HLB file in some other area, then use the logical name NEWS_HELPLIB to & define the full name of the help file.  
 	For example: 5 		$ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_HELPLIB    LOCAL:[HLP]NEWS.HLB    NEWS_PATHNAME		optionalpJ 	This logical name is used to determine the value to place in the "Path:" G header. If not specified the value of the logical news_address is used.      12.5 Global DCL SymbolsR  9 In the system login command script add a symbol for NEWS:O 	$ NEWS :== $ location:NEWSr     12.6  Install NEWS.EXE  Q Copy NEWS.EXE to the location as specified by the DCL symbol for NEWS with world n. RE access. Then install the image with SYSPRV:  , 	$ COPY NEWS.EXE location:NEWS.EXE/PROT=W:RE
 	$ INSTALL; 	INSTALL> ADD location:NEWS.EXE/OPEN/HEAD/SHARE/PRIV=SYSPRVd 	INSTALL> EXIT  N SYSPRV is required to ensure that users who post news items end up NOT owning P the actual news text files, and also is required to successfully initialise the O indexed files on the first-time execution of the program. For most of the time   NEWS runs with SYSPRV disabled.    12.7  Initial Environmente  7 If you are configuring NEWS with a local database then:i  K 1.	Using AUTHORIZE, create the news management dentifier (the value of the tO logical name NEWS_MGR_ID), and grant the identifier to the user(s) who will be n' responsible for the management of NEWS.r  F 	Note that the NEWSMGR (news management) account must be granted this F identifier ion order to correctly process incoming network news feeds.    F 2.	Create the directories that have been defined by the logical names L NEWS_MANAGER and NEWS_ROOT. Ensure that the directories are group and world  accessible.c  G 	Optionally: Add a propagation ACL to the NEWS_ROOT directory to allow r? those users whom you wish to use news to access the item files.t    H 3.	Copy NEWS.HLB to NEWS_ROOT: and allow world read access to this file.  J 	Note that for the installation of the NNTP client systems NEWS_ROOT: may Q not be defined, or in any case you may wish to place this file elesewhere on the xF system. You may optionally place NEWS.HLB in the system help area, as Q SYS$HELP:NEWS.HLB, or use the system level logical name NEWS_HELPLIB to point to  0 another location where you have placed NEWS.HLB.    ; If you are configuring NEWS as a diskless NNTP Client then:s  J 1.	Copy NEWS.HLB to SYS$HELP:NEWS.HLB and allow world read access to this  file.u  @ 	Note that for the installation you may wish to place this file Q elesewhere on the system. You may optionally use a the system level logical name CM NEWS_HELPLIB to point to where you have placed NEWS.HLB. i.e. $DEFINE/SYSTEM   NEWS_HELPLIB dev:[dir]NEWS.HLB     12.8  NEWS Control Files  N There are six control files -- these files should be read, and then edited to I match the local site requirements. Each file contains comments as to the )  function and format of the file.   NEWS.SYSB 	This file determines which newsgroups you will accept, and which O newsgroups your network neighbours will accept. The edited version of news.sys qH should be copied to NEWS_MANAGER:. Include the entries "local", "junk", 
 "control".   NEWS.DISTRIBUTION H 	This file determines how news is distributed through your node. If you O are an 'end-node' for NEWS, then this file should be empty, otherwise the file  M must be defined. The edited version of news.distribution should be copied to   NEWS_MANAGER:.   NEWS.ALIASESG 	This file defines local aliases for newsgroups. If you wish to define dK local aliases, edit this file and copy the edited version to NEWS_MANAGER:.F  	 MAILPATHSOJ 	This file defines the internet addresses of ALL moderators for moderated N newsgroups. The edited version of mailpaths should be copied to NEWS_MANAGER:.   NEWSSKIM.COMG 	Modify this file to suit your requirements. See comments in the code.  M Then copy the edited file to NEWS_MANAGER:. This file is responsible for the A: collection and distribution of news items to remote sites.   NEWS_ADDRESS.CNFJ 	Read this file, and also read the file add_transform.c. If you are using N a local PMDF mail handler, then the default action may be suitable. Otherwise > you will need to edit this file, and copy it to NEWS_MANAGER:.   NEWS_POST.DEFAULTSG 	Read this file and decide if it is relevant. If so then edit the file r% and place a copy it to NEWS_MANAGER:.    NEWS_POST.CCA 	Read this file, and decide if it is relevant. Where unmoderated uQ newsgroups are fed from a mailing list, then postings into the newsgroup may not tM be sent back to the central mailing list address. You can place entries into uM this file to force cross mailings of local postings back to the mailing list rD address. If necessary, edit this file and copy it to NEWS_MANAGER:.   " 12.9  First Time Execution of NEWS  L Once ALL the above steps have been completed, login to an account which has < SYSPRV and has the NEWS_MGR_ID identifier, and run NEWS.EXE.  J The first time execution will create the files: news_root:news.groups and : news_root:news.items, and also create the authority file,  news_manager:news.license.  K Please read the news_manager:news.license file, edit it as instructed, and l+ return it to the address shown in the file.,  K This almost completes the installation of NEWS - the remaining task is the  N creation of the necessary newsgroups. Use the CREATE/LOCAL command and create L the newsgroups "control" and "junk". If you are on the USENET news network, P obtain a copy of the most recent "checkgroups" posting relevant to your area of O the USENET. Examine the newsgroup names in this posting and add the root names lI (e.g. "net" from "net.wombats") of the relevant newsgroups to your local  P acceptance filter in news_manager:news.sys. Once news.sys has been edited, pass M this  checkgroups posting to NEWS by using the ADD command with the /EXECUTE sP qualifier. This wil automatically load the local NEWS files with the applicable  network newsgroups.      V5.9 - V6.0 Upgradeo  K The only change in V6.0 over V5.9 is a change in a previously unused field dQ within the news.groups indexed file as the first used news item number (to speed nM up the NNTP Server code). When installing NEWS V6.0 install the NEWS program eP first, and perform a SKIM pass. Then install the NNTP server code following the M completion of the SKIM pass. This is optional, and if not done in this order  L then the NNTP server will lie about the first used news item number in each L newsgroup (which is exactly what Unix versions of the NNTP server currently  do!).i     V5.8 - V5.9 Upgrade   N There were no changes to the NEWS file in this version, so that no particular  upgrade actions were required.     V5.7 - V5.8 Upgradey  M The first time NEWS V5.8 is executed on a system which has been running NEWS pI V5.2 through V5.7, then NEWS will attempt to perform the upgrade to V5.8  Q automatically. Note that this upgrade phase requires that the local NEWS manager uQ account execute the upgrade, so ensure that this account is the first account to n	 use V5.8.s  I The automatic upgrade coverts the file news_root:newsgroups.v50 to a new  K internal record format, and saves the new format as news_root:news.groups. nQ Similarly the file news_root:newsitems.v50 is converted to news_root:news.items. aP While this conversion is being performed NEWS will display it's progress on the P screen. The conversion phase completes with the display of the advice to delete 7 the .v50 files. Following this the upgrade is complete.m  @ If you were running NEWS V5.4 or NEWS V5.6 then delete the file  news_root:history.dat.    N There are three node types with respect to NEWS NNTP: Server nodes, where the Q node acts as a server for remote clients, Client-only nodes, which access one or lP more server nodes over NNTP, and Server/Client nodes, where some newsgroups are O served from remote NNTP servers, and this node also acts as an NNTP server for l remote client nodes. p   14.1   NNTP Access Filer  N For NNTP servers you may wish to set up an access permission file. By default K any remote system is allowed to connect to the NNTP service. Access can be f+ restricted using an access permission file.   M The access file is news_root:nntp_access.news. If this file exists, the NNTP pJ server will consult this file before accepting a remote client connection  request.  Q The format of this access file is one entry per line (with the comment delimiter nM character as '#'). Each line contains up to four fields, delimited by blanks:c  / 	a - 	remote host name (or "default")		REQUIREDa  0 	b - 	read / transfer permission field		REQUIRED. 		      read	   # read and transfer permission4 		      xfr	   #  no read - transfer only permission5  		      noread	   #  no read, no transfer permission + 		(the minimum abbreviation is 1 character)b  ' 	c - 	post permission field				OPTIONALi 		    post	   #  post access/ 		    nopost 	   #  no post access    [default]d+ 		(the minimum abbreviation is 1 character)   ' 	d - 	newsgroup access list				OPTIONAL/K This is a comma separated list. Access is granted only to those newsgroups dN listed in the entry. Wildcard characters '*' and '%' and '?' are supported in I the list, and specific negation, using the '!' character prefix, is also hO supported. There is an implicit inclusion of sub-newsgroups within each entry.  D For example the entry "wombat" will match against "wombat" and also 2 "wombat.singles", "wombat.hairy.wild", and so on.    For example:      ?   alpha   read    nopost              # read access, all groupslM   beta    read    post    *,!alpha    # read and post to all but alpha groupsiJ   gamma   xfr     post                # read, transfer, post to all groups   default read    nopost  *e  L The relevant line in the permissions file is selected using the remote host M name. The NNTP driver code has support for identification of the remote host h name and remote user;.  K 	For the DECNET single channel driver, the remote user is retrieved using t= the logical name translations of SYS$REM_NODE and SYS$REM_ID.   I 	For the DECNET multi channel driver the remote host name is set to the  P value "DECNET", and the remote user to "NNTP". I have yet to check that the NCP > connection block holds the correct remote task identification.  D 	For the CMU-TEK , Multinet and WIN TCP drivers the remote host is N correctly passed to the server, but the remote user is passed as the constant  value "NNTP"  O As well as the permissions, the NEWS  access.news  individual newsgroup access  M lists are now supported by the NNTP server process. The remote user and host eO names are used to look up the access.news file before allowing the NNTP server  M access to a restricted newsgroup. This behaviour is consistent with the NEWS m% definition of a restricted newsgroup.h     14.2  NNTP  Installation  Q To install the NNTP NEWS servers, then follow the steps as shown for the network n types below.  J You can check the operation of the NNTP server by running the NNTP_CLIENT K program (this program implements an interactive interface to a remote NNTP hO server). Running NNTP_CLIENT and specifying the remote node name and transport mQ protocol should initiate an interactive session with the remote NNTP server. The lP welcome message should appear, and you should then obtain a reasonable response L to the "HELP" command. The "QUIT" command will exit from the remote server.   N Once NNTP is installed on the server and client newsgroups can then be set as N NNTP-served newsgroups (see the documentation on the SET command for details).    & 14.2.1 Common Logical Name Environment   NEWS_GMT_OFFSET   K NNTP uses the value of this logical name to convert from local time to the  L equivalent GMT time. The format of the number is a signed timestring in VMS  delta time format.  J For example, Canberra, Australia, is 10 hours ahead of GMT. The following ( logical name definitions are equivalent:-   $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_GMT_OFFSET "+10:00:00" ,   $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_GMT_OFFSET "10:00:00")   $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_GMT_OFFSET "10:00"y&   $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_GMT_OFFSET "10"  L [Note that you'll need to change the value of the logical name for daylight  saving.]  & 14.2.3  DECNET Server and Client Nodes  H 1.	Copy NNTP_DEC.EXE to a location accessible to the DECNET account (or P define a new account used for runnning NNTP in a mannar analagous to the VMS V5  network applications accounts).   ? 2.	Use the INSTALL utility to install NNTP_DEC.EXE with SYSPRV.i  I 3.	In the DECNET (or special purpose) account, create the file NNTP.COM  S with the following contents:  <   $ ! NNTP.COM - executed in response to an incoming connect   $ ! to "TASK=NNTP""   $ RUN device:[directory]NNTP_DEC    P There is a variant of NNTP_DEC, called NNTP_DECM. This program is configured to P accept multiple incoming DECNet connections to the NNTP object, and service all O such connections from a single NNTP process. The installation instructions are oQ the same as the NNTP_DEC instructions, except that the executable referred to in rP the INSTALL  and  NNTP.COM  is NNTP_DECM.EXE. Also to create a permanent DECnet ? object, NNTP_DECM.EXE must be installed with SYSPRV and SYSNAM.   Q Note that these installation instructions allow remote systems to connect to the  Q NNTP using the task specification: "TASK=NNTP". This is compatible with the task  9 specification of the NNTP process supported under Ultrix.n  tQ You can connect the NNTP executable to a known object number and name if desired iI using object definition within DECnet's NCP utility (this process is not  Q documented here), to allow incoming connection task specification strings of the iQ form "NNTP=" and so on. If the remote system is an ANU NEWS VMS system, then the nN logical name NEWS_decnet-server-name_TASK can be used to specify the required , task connection string on the remote system.    2 14.2.4 CMU TCP NNTP Server and Server/Client Nodes  G 1.	Copy nntp_tcpcmu.exe to a location accessible to the SYSTEM account c (this example uses tcp$system).m  = 2.	In sys$manager:internet.config insert the following lines:w  ;  ; Define the well-known ports we support and their servers ?  ; WKS:port:procname:imagename:status:privs:priority:queuelimitt  ;A  WKS:119:NEWSRV:TCP$NEWSRV:NETWRK:NETMBX,TMPMBX,SYSPRV,PHY_IO:4:5   ; 3.	In sys$manager:ip_startup.com insert the following line:   6  $ define/system tcp$newsrv tcp$system:nntp_tcpcmu.exe    3 14.2.5  WIN TCP NNTP Server and Server/Client Nodes   1 1.	Copy nntp_tcpwin.exe to twg$tcp:[netdist.serv]a  ? 2. 	Add the following block to twg$tcp:[netdist.etc]servers.datu  
     # NNTP     service-name    NNTP6     program         TWG$TCP:[NETDIST.SERV]:nntp_tcpwin     socket-type     SOCK_STREAMt0     socket-options  SO_ACCEPTCONN | SO_KEEPALIVE!     socket-address  AF_INET , 119S     working-set     200      maxservers      5d     INIT            TCP_Init     LISTEN          TCP_Listen!     CONNECTED       TCP_Connectede     SERVICE         Run_Program   ; 3.	Add the following line to twg$tcp:[netdist.etc]services.e  (     NNTP    119/tcp    #NNTP NEWS Server  B 4.	Stop/Id on the INET_SERVERS process and restart it by running   @twg$tcp:[netdist.misc]inetservh  8 14.2.6  Multinet TCP NNTP Server and Server/Client Nodes  ; 1.	Copy nntp_tcpwinmultinet.exe to multinet:nntp_server.exee  3 2. 	Invoke the Multinet services configure program:r       $ MULTINET CONFIGURE/SERVERw 	SERVER-CONFIG> add nntp4 	[Adding new configuration entry for service "NNTP"] 	Protocol: [TCP]  TCPr 	TCP Port number: 119u) 	Program to run: MULTINET:NNTP_SERVER.EXEt& 	[Added service NNTP to configuration] 	[Selected service is now NNTP]a 	SERVER-CONFIG>   C 3.  Restart thje Multinet Server driver using the "restart" commandm      Q This section describes some hints as to how to feed new postings from a VMS NEWS CQ site to an adjacent non-VMS system (commonly a Unix system). There are two basic uJ approaches: Using the NNTP network protocol and TCP/IP on VMS, or using a  VMS/Unix mailer.   15.1  NNTP-based NEWS feedsa  I The NNTP approach uses the "ihave/sendme" protocol described in the NNTP  3 standard. The following changes have to be applied:g  %   Modify NEWS.SYS on the VMS system:l  P     unixnode:world,inet,arp,anu,canb,comp,sci,rec,news,misc,soc,talk,aus,alt:N:\0     NEWS_MANAGER_DEV/[IHAVE_UNIXNODE]COLLECT.IDS  M The relevant entry now specifies that the VMS system will append the message  O identifiers to the specified file, rather than placing the entire message text  G into the posting area (the 'N' flag in the SYS entry specifies message   identifier transmission).A  L   In the Skim command procedure on VMS, the following commands are used to  invoke NNTP:  i     $ Distribute: 4     $   write sys$output "Copy items to other sites"     $   set on.     $   nntp_xmit :== $ news_manager:nntp_xmit     $Search_1:8     $   nodedir = f$search("news_manager:ihave_*.dir",2)+     $   If nodedir .eqs. "" Then goto abortgA     $   node = f$parse(nodedir,,,"NAME","SYNTAX_ONLY") - "IHAVE_"m:     $   senddir = "news_manager_dev:[ihave_" + node + "];",     $   savedfiles = senddir - ";" + "*.*;*"     $   node = node + "::;"s     $Search_2:%     $   file = f$search(savedfiles,3)e+     $   If file .eqs. "" Then goto search_1N$     $   on error Then goto no_copy_2!     $   nntp_xmit 'node tcp 'filef     $   delete 'file     $No_copy_2:a     $   goto search_2o  H 	If the VMS system does not feed to additional systems then no further M changes are necessary (i.e. the VMS system is a logical end-node in the news eP network topology). However if the VMS system does relay network batches (i.e. a Q routing node with respect to the NEWS network), then you will need to modify the fO configuration file  NEWS_MANAGER:NEWS.DISTRIBUTION to ensure that news batches sE are forwarded correctly through this VMS  node to all adjacent nodes.c     15.2   Mail-based NEWS feeds  M The second approach is based on the existance on a mail link between the two   systems.  C 	On the VMS system you will need to define two mail destinations:  O newsmail and rnews. These mail destinations are used by the Unix system as the nQ default mail destination of forwarded news batches. If the news manager username mJ is NEWSMGR then the following logical names need to be defined on the VMS  system:l  $     $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWSMAIL NEWSMGR!     $ DEFINE/SYSTEM RNEWS NEWSMGRs  + 	The VMS NEWS.SYS file requires the entry:.  8     unixnode:world,inet,arp,anu,canb,comp,sci,rec,news,\     misc,soc,talk,aus,alt:BN:\.     NEWS_MANAGER_DEV/[POST_UNIXNODE]NEWS.BATCH  N The 'B' flag indicates the news item texts are to be stored in the post area, N and the 'N' transmission flags indicate that the the mail format uses leading J 'N' characters in the mail body to delineate the news batch from the mail  headers.  J 	In the Skim command procedure on VMS, the following commands need to be 	 inserted:a       $Distribute:5     $    write sys$output "Copy items to other sites"m     $    set ong     $Search_1:8     $    nodedir = f$search("news_manager:post_*.dir",1)0     $    If nodedir .eqs. "" Then goto ExitlabelA     $    node = f$parse(nodedir,,,"NAME","SYNTAX_ONLY") - "POST_"a:     $    senddir = "news_manager_dev:[post_" + node + "];"-     $    savedfiles = senddir - ";" + "*.*;*"t     $    node = node + "::;"     $Search_2:&     $    file = f$search(savedfiles,2),     $    If file .eqs. "" Then goto Search_1%     $    on error then goto No_copy_2W*     $    mail 'file' in%"""rnews@"node'"""     $    delete 'files     $No_copy_2:u     $    goto search_2  G 	On the Unix system an entry needs to be inserted in the aliases file:m  !     rnews: "|/usr/lib/news/uurec""  N Variants of these approaches are possible, such a mailing the 'ihave' list of I message-ids to the unix site, and then having the Unix site respond with oP 'sendme' control messages back to the VMS system using mail (or any other means O of message transfer) as the message transport. The comments in the distributed vI version of NEWS.SYS contain additional information on how to set up such e distribution mechanisms.  J Additional notes which haven't been put in the correct place yet (or even  finished for that matter!)       Compilation Settings  	 JUNKNODOT    	#define JUNKNODOT	0  P The USENET news standard states that items are only passed between nodes within P the USENET as long as the item has been posted to at least one newsgroup within Q the USENET hierarchy. This is expressed by stating that all items must be posted oQ to newsgroups which contain at least one period ('.') in the newsgroup name. The iI implicit assumption made in the standard is that all local (non-network) uM newsgroups are non-hierarchy newsgroups ("local", "general", etc), while all  , network newsgroups have at least one period.  P If JUNKNODOT is set to 1, then the prerequisite that all incoming items must be I posted to hierarchy newsgroups (which contain periods i their names), is oP enforced by the ADD command processor. The distribution value of 0 implies that ) this requirement is not enforced by NEWS.b     NEWGROUP_REG   	#define NEWGROUP_REG	0   P This compiler constant is the default register value for new newsgroups. With a N value of 0 users are not automatically registered into new newsgroups. With a J value of 1, new newsgroups are automatically registered in new newsgroups N (strictly speaking the value for automatic registration is between 1 and 255, I but using a value higher than 1 is not recommended). Note that if a user cQ specifies preferred new newsgroup action by the SET PROFILE/NEWREGISTER command, aA then the user profile setting overrides the NEWGROUP_REG setting.S  P 1	There is a considerable additional execution cost of the ALLSCAN actions over K SCAN. If the local news system supports a large number of newsgroups, then "H SCAN is a more efficient means of determining if there are unread items 
 within news. t  I 2	The initial check for unseen items is performed using the SCAN actions.   O 3	VWS is not supported as a NEWS display manager. X Windows display management t2 may be suported in future versions of the program.  M 4	This is not exactly true as SYS$LOGIN is not a pseude device logical name. EP The be more accurate, if the translation of SYS$LOGIN is $DISK:[USER], then the H output file will be created in the directory $DISK:[USER.NEWS-EXTRACTS].  M 5	This is not exactly true as SYS$LOGIN is not a pseude device logical name. iP The be more accurate, if the translation of SYS$LOGIN is $DISK:[USER], then the H output file will be created in the directory $DISK:[USER.NEWS-EXTRACTS].  M 6	There is a qualification to this assertion - a set of newsgroups (LOCAL or O< NETWORK newsgroups) can be setup as read-only by use of the ( NEWS_NETPOST/NEWS_NONETPOST identifiers.  