  % ANU NEWS V6.0   - 14 July 1990	Page 1                    ANU NEWS Version V6.0     14 July 1990             Geoff Huston( Australian Academic and Research Network                                                   Australian National University Canberra, Australia    1.Introduction      H ANU NEWS is a computer-based conferencing system. As such, it has many  J similarities to a normal electronic mail system (e-mail), as well as some  major differences:  I 	e-mail is typically a person-to-person communication. In such a system  L a third person cannot view the mail contents, and the mail is essentially a - transaction between the sender and recipient.   E 	This e-mail model can be extended with the use of mailing lists. In  H this situation each user posts a mail item to a list of others, each of G whom receive a copy of the mail. In this model the mail transaction is  I extended to include a group of users, but privacy is still intact to the  C extent that users who are not on the mail distribution list cannot  L participate in the mail conversation. The mailing list can be maintained on I a central site, or each user may keep a copy of the list - the resultant  ? functionality from the user viewpoint is essentially unchanged.   B 	Bulletin boards take the mailing list model one step further by E allowing all users to have the ability to view all postings, and all  K postings made by users are public to all other users of the bulletin board  J (this is a simplification of many bulletin boards, which commonly provide G functionality which encompasses all these models of communication, and  G more). As with mailing lists, the bulletin board data can be held on a  G single central system (acting as a server for client systems), or each  G system in a network may hold a copy of the postings. In both cases the  1 functionality is similar from the user viewpoint.   L ANU NEWS is an implementation of such a bulletin board. ANU NEWS allows the H user to view all postings made by other users of the news facility, and K also allows the user to contribute to the conference by posting an item to   the news system.    G Individual postings within the news system are termed items. Items are  G classified into a single hierarchy of newsgroups. All items of similar  H subject matter are logically grouped together for presentation within a H newsgroup (analogous to the use of folders within a e-mail application).  K Unlike person-to-person e-mail, all  items posted into news are (normally)  K readable by all users on the system, so the items in news are intended for  F general view, and all users of the local host may post items into any F newsgroup. Typically, the local news host system is linked to a wider H network of other news hosts, and the local host will receive news items H that were posted on other hosts on the network, and local postings will L also be sent through this wider network. This default public status of news K items is qualified by the ability within ANU NEWS to configure restricted   , newsgroups with an explicit readership list.  D ANU NEWS implements the Internet Standard for Interchange of USENET I Messages (Internet Request For Comment (RFC) 1036), and as such has many  L similarities with the Unixtm-based news software set distributed within the F USENET. However ANU NEWS is not based on any port of this software to A VAX/VMS. The application has been designed with the objective of  L implementing the required functionality of USENET news, using data and file E structures that can be executed efficiently on a VAX/VMS system, and  K supporting a user interface which is based on the VAX/VMS user environment.   G The implementation of the USENET standard under VAX/VMS implies that a  H VAX/VMS site can be configured into the global USENET news network, and D will accept USENET news batches from neighbouring USENET sites, and G generate correctly formatted news batches for transmission to adjacent  
 USENET sites.   H The ANU NEWS package also implements the Network News Transfer Protocol E (NNTP), as documented in the Internet document RFC 977. The software  K distribution includes an implementation of an NNTP server, NNTP CLient and  > various utilities to enable news network transfers using NNTP.  F This implementation can use both DECnettm and TCP/IP as the transport H layer. With DECnet, the NNTP applications are implemented using an NNTP G DECnet Object. With TCP/IP the implementation is configured to use the  L applicable Internet standard, TCP Port 119.  The implementation of ANU NEWS E and NNTP also supports remote access using the TCP/IP protocols. The  H supported VAX/VMS implementation of TCP/IP include Multinettm, WIN TCP, H Ultrix Connection, EXCELAN TCP and the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)  implementation of TCP/IP.   I This allows a VMS/VMS system to interoperate with remote VAX/VMS or Unix  K hosts (or any other system which can support TCP/IP access) in either NNTP  K client or server roles using TCP/IP and DECnet. ANU NEWS can be configured  I to automatically access a NNTP server over DECnet or TCP, implementing a   distributed news database.  G The client configurations supported include a "diskless" client, where  E there is no local NEWS database, or in a caching mode, where a local  B database is used to refer to item texts stored on a remote system.   2.An Overview of  NEWS       2.1 Invoking NEWS   C To invoke an interactive session of NEWS, use the command   $ NEWS.     # Restoring the Previous NEWS Session   I When starting NEWS the context will normally be restored to the state of  G the previous exit from NEWS, re-establishing the previous final active  * newsgroup and selected item if applicable.     Checking for Unseen News Items  F To check if there are new unseen messages in the news area additional J qualifiers can be used with the NEWS command.  $ NEWS/SCAN will check the L status of the local news database and will output a 1 line message if there D are unseen items in the news database. The check of newsgroups only J includes those newsgroups for which you want the NEWS software to check - C the section in the following chapter on keeping track of newsitems  I indicates how this is done. If there are no unseen items, NEWS will exit   without generating any output.  L This command, $ NEWS/SCAN, may be placed in your LOGIN.COM to indicate that H there is unseen news in a format consistent with VMS's new mail message.  K A more verbose form of this scan for unseen items can be achieved with the  H command $ NEWS/ALLSCAN. The differences with the /ALLSCAN qualifier are L that this directs NEWS to list those newsgroups which contain unseen items, L and the number of such items in each newsgroup. Also if there are no unseen J items then a status message is output indicating this. Again this command & may be placed in your LOGIN.COM file1.  K You can also invoke NEWS on a conditional basis: if there are unseen items  F then NEWS will start an interactive NEWS session, and if there are no L unseen items NEWS will immediately exit. The command format for this action  is $ NEWS/UNSEEN2.     NEWS Display Modes  J NEWS can operate in either line or screen mode. Line mode is intended for K use on printing terminals or within batch command procedures, and the user  K interface is more restrictive than screen mode. The command $ NEWS invokes  I a screen mode display if supported by the terminal device, and line mode  L otherwise. The command $NEWS/NOSCREEN starts NEWS in line mode. As long as I the terminal device supports screen mode display the display mode may be  G altered during a NEWS session [using the SCREEN and NOSCREEN commands].   I NEWS uses the VAX/VMS SMG$ routines as the screen display manager3. If a  F terminal device is not defined within the SMG$ tables, then NEWS will B automatically enter line mode, and the SCREEN command is disabled.   2.2 The Structure of NEWS   H NEWS items are stored within NEWSGROUPS (this is analogous to VMS MAIL, K where mail items are stored within FOLDERS). All news items with a similar  < subject matter are normally contained in a single newsgroup.  G Each news item within a newsgroup has a title and a sequence number. A  I directory of items within a newsgroup displays these titles and sequence  G numbers - the sequence number is used to select a particular item from  I within a newsgroup. News items contain other control information - these  G additional fields will be covered in the section on Posting news items.   J When in NEWS you maintain an implicit 'context' within the NEWS database. , This context is made up of three components:  I 	The 'current' newsgroup is the newsgroup indicated by the cursor (when  K at the newsgroup directory level). This is the newsgroup which is 'opened'  < if you are at the newsitem directory or text display levels.  I 	The 'current' newsitem  - which is relevant only if the screen display  J is either the newsitem directory (in which case the 'current' newsitem is 2 indicated by the cursor) or newsitem text display.  H 	The screen level - either a newsgroup directory, a directory of items . within a newsgroup, or the text of a newsitem.     2.3 NEWS Screen Formats   D There are three different screen display formats used in NEWS. They I correspond to the context level of the user when running NEWS (Newsgroup  1 directory, Newsitem directory and Newsitem text).   L The top three lines on each display describe the current context level, and 5 any other necessary information for that screen type.   J At the base of all three screen formats is a three line window. The first F line shows a command prompt -- commands are entered on this line. The H second line is used to enter any additional parameters required for the H command. The third line is used to display any status or error messages.   NEWSGROUP Directory Screen  H This screen display corresponds to the outer context level of NEWS. The K screen displays the names of the newsgroups held on the system, the number  K of news items held in each newsgroup and the number of items that you have  	 not read.   L The top line displays the selection criteria of newsgroups: this may be all H newsgroups, newsgroups in which you are registered, newsgroups with new F items posted into them since a certain date, and so on. The line also G displays the number of newsgroups which have been selected under these   selection criteria.   D The major section of the screen displays the newsgroup names, their 4 sequence number, and additional control information.  H The figure below explains the various fields shown on each entry in the  directory screen.   J In the leftmost field a selection cursor is displayed (-), indicating the H current or selected newsgroup. The UP and DOWN commands, and the cursor J vertical movement keys are used to move this selection cursor through the C display. The remaining fields of each entry of the display are not   alterable by the user.    ! NEWSGROUP Directory Entry Display    NEWS ITEM Directory Screen  J The second context level is entered from the NEWSGROUP screen by pressing K the select key (or using the 'SELECT' command). This screen corresponds to  K the second context level, when a newsgroup is 'opened' to display the news  H items currently stored within the newsgroup. An example screen is shown  below:    ! NEWS ITEM Directory Entry Display   K This display is similar to the newsgroup display, using 1 line to describe  K each newsitem. The screen shows the sequence number, news item title, date  H the news item was created on the local system, and the size of the news I item. News items which you have not viewed are shown in bolded video. As  E with the newsgroup directory, a cursor is positioned in the leftmost  L columns of the screen, and the cursor can be moved within the screen by the J up and down arrow keys. The cursor corresponds to the current or selected 
 news item. NEWS ITEM Text Display  F The third context level is entered by the 'READ' command. This screen G corresponds to the third context level, displaying the contents of the   current news item.  K The text is displayed in screen sized 'chunks', advancing through the text  F one page at a time. The base of the screen shows the current position H within the text as a percentage of the total text size. The up and down H arrow keys are also mapped in this mode, and move the display in single J line movements in the relevant direction. The Prev-Screen and Next-Screen K are also mapped to move the screen in page sized chunks either up or down.  I Lastly the commands UP and DOWN with a numeric parameter (e.g. DOWN 150)  J will move the specified number of lines. The underlying display buffer is K 2000 lines in size, and once text rolls off the ``top'' of this display it  ' cannot be presented back on the screen.      NEWS ITEM Text Display  E Optionally you may use an editor (TPU by default, but you may choose  K another editor) in read-only mode to display the news item text. This will  J allow you to scroll up and down, search for strings, and use other editor I search and display operations on the text. At any stage the text display  H can be aborted, and you may reset the screen display to either the news ! item or newsgroup display screen.    3. Overview of  NEWS Commands       C This is the first of three sections describing the user-level NEWS  I commands. This section describes those commands which are commonly used,  K and form the basic set of commands to use NEWS. The next section describes  L those commands which are used to change the NEWS environment, and the third G section is a reference section for the user command set, describing in  . detail all user commands and their qualifiers.  H As with VMS DCL commands, all NEWS commands and their qualifiers may be / abbreviated to the minimum unique abbreviation.    3.1 Default Keypad Definitions  3 By default, the VT keypad is configured as follows:          J The LK201 edit block is also defined in NEWS, with the key definitions as  follows:         K These default key mappings may be altered by the user - this is documented   in the next section.   3.2 NEWS Display Commands   A This set of commands enable you to move around the NEWS database.   A DIRECTORY	The default action of NEWS is to display the newsgroup  K directory screen. This screen has a cursor in the left field, which may be  L moved using the arrow keys. The directory of newsitems within the 'pointed' B or 'current' newsgroup may be obtained by the 'DIR/ITEMS' command.  H 	When the item screen display is displayed, the newsgroup directory may 0 be displayed using the 'DIR/NEWSGROUPS' command.  C 	The set of newsgroups displayed in the newsgroup directory may be  I modified using qualifiers to the DIRECTORY command: DIR/ALL displays all  J newsgroups, DIR/REGISTER displays only those newsgroups in which you have < registered a particular interest, and DIR/SINCE=date (e.g.: H DIR/SINCE=TODAY) displays only those newsgroups which have received new " postings since the data specified.   Cursor Vertical Movement Keys,K UP, DOWN The newsgroup and newsitem directory screens use a pointer in the  L left field of the display to indicate the 'current' newsgroup and newsitem. J This pointer may be moved up or down using the UP or DOWN commands. These F commands are bound to the arrow keys, so the more usual way of moving ) through the screen is via the arrow keys.   D 	Both commands may take a numeric parameter (e.g.: UP 18) to move a I number of lines. On VT220-type terminals the PREV SCREEN and NEXT SCREEN  = are bound to the commands 'UP 18' and 'DOWN 18' respectively.   K SELECT is similar to 'DIR/ITEMS' such that the command displays a newsitem  K directory of a newsgroup. However, SELECT has a number of qualifiers which  / make the selection of newsgroups more powerful.   E 	In particular, 'SELECT/NEW' selects the next newsgroup in which you  G have registered a particular interest which has received new newsitems.      3.3 Displaying NEWS text  I READ  The most common method of displaying the contents of a newsitem is  H using the 'READ' command. This displays the news text on a page-by-page < basis (in a similar fashion to the DCL 'TYPE/PAGE' command).  ? 	By default, the 'current' newsitem is opened for display, but  I qualifiers may be used to combine movement of the 'current' newsitem and  K display: READ/NEXT combines the actions of the 'DOWN' and 'READ' commands.  F READ/NEW combines the actions of 'SELECT/NEW' (select the next unread I newsitem as the current item) and 'READ'. READ/PARENT selects the parent  F newsitem (the item to which the current newsitem refers) for display. L READ/FOLLOWUP selects the next followup newsitem (a posting which refers to 2 the same subject as the current item) for display.   3.4 Posting Items to NEWS   K There are two commands which allow the user to create a NEWS posting: POST  K and FOLLOWUP. POST implies that the item refers to a new subject which has  G not been discussed before: FOLLOWUP implies that the user is posting a  " followup item to the current item.  I The default actions of POST and FOLLOWUP are to forward the item text as  D far as possible throughout the NEWS network. Background NEWS server G processes are responsible for sending the item to all adjacent network  K neighbours. Normally the distribution of the item is restricted by the set  L of network nodes which wish to receive the newsgroups in which the newsitem G is posted. Qualifiers may be used with these commands to restrict this  K distribution to a subset of the network (these qualifiers are described in   the reference section).   K POST   invokes a text editor to create a new newsitem (the text editor may  F be one of your choosing - see the chapter on customization). The NEWS J system also prompts for the newsgroup or newsgroup list to which the item B will be posted, and will also prompt for the title of the posting.  K FOLLOWUP   is similar to POST, with the difference that the edit buffer is  L pre-loaded with the text of the current newsitem (the item to which you are E posting the followup). This allows you to formulate your reply using  K fragments of the original posting to help other readers establish what you   are replying to.   3.5 Deleting Newsitems  I Deletion of newsitems is not normally a straightforward process - as the  L text of the original item may have already been forwarded to the wider news F network, then deletion of a newsitem requires that a special deletion I control message must be sent through the network to delete all copies of  
 your posting.   K CANCEL   This command deletes the 'current' newsitem. A check is performed  L to ensure that the item you are attempting to delete was actually posted by I yourself before the deletion is performed. This command also generates a  L cancel control message which is forwarded throughout the net, which directs 9 all remote nodes to delete this newsitems on your behalf.      3.6 NEWS Interface to MAIL  J NEWS supports two commands which interface to VMS MAIL. This allows users F to forward NEWS items to other users via MAIL and also to send direct = person-to-person mail to the original poster of the newsitem.   K FORWARD, MAIL   These two commands are synonyms: the 'current' newsitem is  K extracted and posted to the addresses you supply. By default the item text  I is loaded into an edit buffer for editing before sending the mail - this  K edit pass may be omitted by using the '/NOEDIT' qualifier with the command.   K REPLY   This command extracts the From: address (or the Reply-To: address,  K if specified) from the current newsitem and invokes the editor to create a  ; reply which will be directed to the sender of the newsitem.   B 	This command differs from the FOLLOWUP command in so far as your K response to the original posting is a private response between you and the  I poster, whereas the FOLLOWUP command posts a public response through the  
 NEWS network.    3.7 Extraction of Newsitems   L Newsitems may be extracted from the NEWS database and kept as a local file,  or printed.   I EXTRACT   This command extracts the 'current' newsitem and makes a local  ? copy into a file - you are prompted for a filename to write to.   < PRINT   This prints the 'current' newsitem to a print queue.   3.8 Keeping Track of Newsitems  I There are two ways in which NEWS can be used to help you read particular  I newsitems - the first is by the concept of 'read' and 'unread' newsitems  K and the second by the use of 'marks' to enable you to re-read newsitems at  
 a later date.   E NEWS maintains for each user a list of all newsitems which have been  F considered as 'read' - this is an aid when searching through the NEWS L database for new items which have been posted. NEWS also maintains for each I user a list of newsitems which have been 'marked' by that user, enabling  I the user to 'mark' a newsitem with any tag text, and later retrieve that  % newsitem by specifying that tag text.   I This context information is contained in a user file, SYS$LOGIN:NEWSRC.;  0 The file is updated every time NEWS is executed.  J REGISTER, DEREGISTER  NEWS enables the user to mark particular newsgroups L as being of particular interest. This marking, or 'registering', is used by J the READ/NEW, SELECT/NEW, DIR/NEW and DIR/REGISTER commands to allow fast D access to any new postings in the subset of 'registered' newsgroups.  @ 	The 'current' newsgroup is added to this registered set by the D REGISTER command, and can be removed from the set by the DEREGISTER  command.  F SKIP is used to mark a set of newsitems as having been 'read' without K having to display the item text. The default action is to mark the current  > item as 'read' and move the pointer to refer to the next item.  D 	If the display is the newsgroup directory, then SKIP will mark ALL - newsitems in the 'current' newsgroup as read.   G 	SKIP may also mark a range of newsitems as 'read' by using qualifiers  F with the SKIP command - these are documented in the reference chapter.  J MARK, UNMARK  are used to associate tags with a newsitem. The common form K of marking is the MARK the 'current' newsitem, and then retrieve that item  F at a later date by either the SELECT/MARK or READ/MARK commands. If a L newsitem has been marked, then a line of the form ``Mark: ...'' is included : in the header lines of the text display for that newsitem.  = 	A mark may be removed from a newsitem by the UNMARK command.   H 	Variants of this command allow the mark to have a text value, allowing K the READ/MARK and SELECT/MARK commands to retrieve particular marked items  0 according to a match on the supplied tag values.     3.9 HELP  K HELP  is used to enter the on-line HELP documentation - this documentation  4 is similar to the reference chapter in this document     3.10 EXITing NEWS   H EXIT performs a normal exit from NEWS - the register file is updated to K reflect all items read during this session, and any pending print requests  $ are sent to a nominated print queue.  J QUIT exits from NEWS without the associated update function of EXIT. This 2 is a more graceful alternative to the Ctrl-Y exit.   4. Customising NEWS     D It is possible to customise NEWS in a number of ways. This includes J changing the definitions of keys on the terminal, and changing the editor D invoked by NEWS to one of your choice. This chapter describes those K commands and logical names which perform this customisation. Customization  F can be done using three mechanisms: setting your keypad, as described K below, using the SET PROFILE command, and defining logical names. As there  D is some overlap in what these three methods can define the order of L precedence is firstly any setting performed interactively overrides profile 8 settings, which in turn override logical name settings.    4.1 Key Definition  H The default set of key mappings is given in the previous section. These L defaults may be altered in two ways: using the DEFINE/KEY command to bind a L news command to a key, or defining  the  logical  name  NEWS_INI  to a file F containing a sequence of DEFINE/KEY lines (which will be executed  on  startup of NEWS).   G The DEFINE/KEY command is equivalent to it's VMS DCL counterpart - the  D command performs a mapping of the nominated key to a command string.  L NOTE: that there are six keys which should not be DEFINED from the standard I NEWS values: the four arrow keys and the PREV and NEXT SCREEN keys (This  K restriction is a reflection of an underlying problem with the VMS software   used by NEWS).   4.2 NEWS Logical Names  H There are a number of logical names which users may define to alter the K behaviour of NEWS. All these logical names are intended to be defined on a  C pre process basis as process logical names. This would normally be  % configured within the LOGIN.COM file:     F NEWS_INI   This can be defined as a file name which contains a set of F DEFINE/KEY commands to change the default key binding of news.   e.g.:* 		$ DEFINE NEWS_INI SYS$LOGIN:NEWSKPD.DEFS    H NEWS_EDIT  This logical name can be used to link an editor to NEWS. The I editor is used to generate new postings, and to edit forwarded mail, and  G (optionally) in readonly mode, to scan the item contents (READ/EDITOR).   F 	By default NEWS links the TPU editor to NEWS, using the value of the F logical name TPUSECINI as the section to use. With V5 of VMS the NEWS K software will also examine whether the logical name TPU$SECTION is defined  ; and use that translation in a similar fashion to TPUSECINI.   % 	This logical name is used to either: = 			Use the TPU editor with a section other than the default: ) 			$ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "TPU/SEC=mysection"   % 			Use EDT as the configured editor: " 			$ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT CALLABLE_EDT  9 			Call any other editor using a command procedure in a   subprocess: / 			$ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "@dev:[dir]my_editor.com" ' 		and NEWS will then SPAWN the command: % 			$ @dev:[dir]my_editor.com filename   D 		The next section shows an example my_editor.com command procedure.G NEWS_VIEW  This logical name is only required if you are using a local  J editor command procedure as NEWS_EDIT. In this case a second procedure is 9 required which invokes the same editor in read_only mode: / 			$ DEFINE NEWS_VIEW "@dev:[dir]my_reader.com" & 	and NEWS will then spawn the command:% 			$ @dev:[dir]my_reader.com filename   = 	When TPU or EDT is configured as the editor, then NEWS will  K automatically add the /READONLY to create a readonly version of the editor.   K NEWS_SCANSIZE  NEWS will normally display the text of a newsitem on a page- F by-page basis. When scanning through items it is often useful to only F display the first few lines of an item, to decide whether to view the  complete text.  H 	If the logical name NEWS_SCANSIZE is defined as a number (n), then the K first n lines of each new item will be displayed, and you will be prompted  L if you wish to see more of this item. Commonly, a value between 8 and 12 is  most useful.  K MAIL_SIGNATURE   This logical name may be defined as the name of your mail  K signature file. If this logical name is defined, then the contents of this  K fill will be automatically appended to all postings and mailings made from   within NEWS.  H NEWS_DEFAULT_DIRECTORY   NEWS will normally remember the last newsgroup E directory setting across invocations of the program (i.e. If you had  G executed DIR/NEW before exiting NEWS, then when you next run NEWS, the  F initial newsgroup directory state will be restored to DIR/NEW). It is H possible to specify a constant initial directory state by defining this # logical name as one of the strings:  			ALL   			NEW 			REGISTER  			SINCE 			SINCE=vms_date   L NEWS_POST_CC  This logical name directs NEWS to generate MAIL carbon-copies L of NEWS postings. The logical name value is interpreted by NEWS as the name > of a CC control file. This file consists of lines of the form: 		newsgroup   address   H 	The newsgroup name starts in column 1, and may be the name of a single H newsgroup, or may specify a set of newsgroups by including the wildcard K match character ('*'). The address is the address to receive a carbon copy  L of the posting. It is separated from the newsgroup name by at least 1 space B character. The address may be a decnet or internet-format address.  H 	The interpretation of the file is such that any postings you make into H any of the specified newsgroups will also generate mail to the matching 
 addresses.  J NEWS_PERSONAL_NAME   Sets the personal name string. This name is appended - to your network address in all NEWS postings.   G 	If this logical name is not defined your VMS MAIL profile is examined  ; to copy your MAIL personal name as your NEWS personal name.   ! 4.3  NEWS_EDIT Command Procedures   I An example command procedure to invoke an editor from NEWS is as follows:     $ !;  $ ! Example command procedure to invoke an editor for NEWS   $ !  $ ! Inputs:  $ !  $ !     P1 = file name.  $ !D  $ ! Note that this procedure is run in the context of a subprocess.C  $ ! LOGIN.COM is not executed.  However, all process logical names '  $ ! and DCL global symbols are copied.   $ !<  $ ! The default directory is the same as the parent process  $ !B  $ ! Note that this will only be invoked if the user has placed in  $ ! LOGIN.COM (or similar) <  $ !     $ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "@dev:[dir]NEWSEDIT_EXAMPLE.COM"  $ !2  $ DEFINE /USER SYS$INPUT 'F$TRNLNM("SYS$OUTPUT")'  $ IF P1 .EQS. "" THEN EXIT   $ EDIT/EDT 'P1'  $ EXIT F In connection with the definition of a personal profile the following > message from Reg Quinton, <reggers@uwovax.BITNET> is relevant:  G "Many new  users of ANU/NEWS (especially those  new  to  Vax/VMS) have  J great difficulty posting their first article.  The  problem  is that News I assumes you know a bit about Vax/VMS already -- in  particular that you   G know about the default editor.  This is often a faulty assumption  and  K naive users are rightly distressed when they find  themselves put  into  a  H strange editing environment. Composing text can, and should be, simpler 
 than that!   I "We have therefore defined a procedure for entered  text which easier to  L use (but without all  the power  of a  Vax/VMS  editor). We would encourage 4 all beginning users to set their profile as follows:   5         News> set profile/editor=@news_manager:noedit    F "There are several other profile  setting discussed in both  the help L system and  the manual.  If you  have set your profile   as above then  the I "Post" command will use this procedure for composing your message -- the   procedure will say   +         Enter text, end with ^Z (Control-Z)     -----   H "You may  then enter  your  message a line   at a time   with the usual F line editing features  of VMS.  You end  your text  with  a Control-Z F character which is constructed by typing a `Z' while holding down the  `Control' key.   I "Once you have learned an editor on the Vax/VMS environment you can then  ) set your profile accordingly, for example    &         News> set profile/editor=emacs  ? In addition the following command procedure has been submitted:    news_manager:noedit.com    @ $ ! The most primitive editor for news -- read from your console $ ! 1 $ ! Reg Quinton <reggers@uwovax.BITNET>; 1-Aug-89  $ !  $ if p1 .eqs. "" $ then6 $       write sys$output "Oops .... missing parameter" $       exit $ else> $       write sys$output "Enter text, end with ^Z (Control-Z)"  $       write sys$output "-----" $       copy sys$command 'p1'  $ endif      5. NEWS Commands   User Reference       $ NEWS    9 The $ NEWS command is the VMS DCL command to invoke NEWS.    Format:         $ NEWS [news command]   Command Parameters   news commandJ If as command is given with NEWS, then this command is executed. Normally J if this parameter is used then only that command is executed, and control K is passed back to the calling environment. A Compile-time switch can alter  F this behaviour, such that interactive execution of NEWS will continue & following a initial command parameter.  ! For example, the VMS DCL command:   I     $ NEWS POST/NEWSGROUP=local.messages/SUBJECT="Weekly Msgs" weekly.msg   I posts the file weekly.msg into NEWS, into newsgroup local.messages, with  - the title "Weekly Msgs", then returns to DCL.      Command Qualifiers   /ALLSCANL /ALLSCAN is a more verbose form of the /SCAN action. The difference is that H this qualifier directs NEWS to list the names of those newsgroups which K contain unseen items, and the number of such items in each newsgroup. Also  H if there are no unseen items then a status message is output indicating F this. Again this command may be placed in your LOGIN.COM file, but it H should be noted that /SCAN is more efficient in execution than /ALLSCAN.   /CLASS=classnameF Within NEWS collections of newsgroups may be grouped together under a K common label, or class.  Newsgroups may belong to a number of classes, and  J classes are defined by both the user, the local news manager, and by NEWS E itself. An initial active class of newsgroups at startup time may be   specified by this qualifier.   /NETPROTOCOL=protocol F This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /NETSERVER protocol to K specify the network protocol to use to contact the remote NEWS server. The   valid protocol values are:  # 	DECNET		to use the DECnet protocol  	 4 	TCP			to use the locally configured default TCP/IP  implementation.    -or-8 	CMUTCP		to use the CMU implementation of TCP/IP for VMS< 	WINTCP		to use the WIN TCP implementation of TCP/IP for VMSA 	MULTINETTCP	to use the Multinet implementation of TCP/IP for VMS = 	UCX			to use the Ultrix Connection implementation of TCP/IP   for VMS ? 	IPCUCX		to use the Ultrix Connection implementation of TCP/IP   for VMS (Socket I/O)= 	EXCELAN		to use the EXCELAN implementation of TCP/IP for VMS    /NETSERVER [=nodename ]  /netserver=nodename 
 /netserver /nonetserverL NEWS can be invoked using either a local database of news items, or can use F the network to contact a remote NEWS server. A session using a remote L server can be initiated by specifying the network name of the remote server H node. The name is either a DECnet node name, a TCP/IP name, or a TCP/IP  network address.  	 /READONLY H /READONLY invokes a read only;y session of NEWS. In this mode the POST, H FOLLOWUP and CANCEL commands (and their synonyms) are disabled and NEWS - items may only be viewed in the NEWS session.    /SCAN I NEWS can be invoked to check if there are unseen items in the NEWS area,  J then exit to DCL. The /SCAN qualifier directs NEWS to check the status of G the news database and will output a 1 line message if there are unseen  H items in the news database. The check of newsgroups only includes those F newsgroups for which you want the NEWS software to check - registered L newsgroups. If there are no unseen items, NEWS will exit without printing a E message. This command may be placed in your LOGIN.COM to write out a  I message that there is unseen news, in a format consistent with VMS's new  
 mail message.    /SCREEN  /SCREEN	Default 	 /NOSCREEN I This qualifier is used to determine whether the initial state of NEWS is  J configured to drive a terminal screen or a hardcopy device. The /NOSCREEN I qualifier is used for hardcopy interactive sessions or Batch or Detached  J execution of the NEWS program. Normally NEWS will automatically configure G itself by interrogating the SMG terminal capabilities file and setting  I screen mode if possible.  /NOSCREEN forces line mode irrespective of the   terminal capabilities.  * See Also  the SCREEN and NOSCREEN commands   /UNSEEN K NEWS can also be invoked on a conditional basis: if there are unseen items  F then NEWS will start an interactive NEWS session, otherwise NEWS will  immediately exit. 
     ADD ENTRY       1 ADD ENTRY is used to add newsgroups into classes.    Format:        ADD ENTRY [newsgroup]   F ADD ENTRY is used to add a newsgroup into a set of related newsgroups K (referred to as a class). This set of newsgroups is defined and maintained  L by the user (and held in the user's NEWS profile area). Classes  are a user K tool to allow the user to group a number of related newsgroups together in  L a single set. This grouping is on a user-by-user basis in general, although I there are facilities to allow system defined classes, and news does also  I support a number of pre-defined classes which newsgroups are assigned to  H automatically. Classes are specified as single words, as defined by the  user.   K Normally the specified newsgroup is added to the current class (if a class  J is currently selected). The /CLASSES qualifier may be used to specify the I set of classes in which the newsgroup is to be entered. Note that if the  E newsgroup is currently a member of a class (or classes), the classes  L specified in this command are interpreted as additions to the current class  set.  L See Also:    SHOW ENTRY, MODIFY ENTRY, DELETE ENTRY, SET CLASS, SHOW CLASS,  DIRECTORY/CLASS    Command Qualifiers:     /CLASSES [=(class-name [,...]) ]J This qualifier determines the classes to which the specified newsgroup is K to be added. If this qualifier is not used, then the current class is used  J as the default value. If a class of the specified name does not exist, it  is created by this command.   D The qualifier value may be a list of class names, in which case the - newsgroup is added to all such named classes.   H The class names specified as qualifier values may also contain wildcard E characters (%,?,*), in which case the newsgroup will be added to all   classes with matching names. ADD FILE    I ADD FILE is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. ADD FILE is NOT supported under a   diskless client execution.   Format:      ADD FILE filename   E ADD FILE is used to load articles into the local NEWS database. This  J command is normally used to load network news batches onto the local node G (whereas locally generated news is POSTed into NEWS by the user who is  G executing the POST command).  If the node is defined as a NEWS network  I routing node, this command also generates the batch files to send to the   adjacent NEWS nodes.    L ADD FILE scans an input file and breaks the file into one or more articles. J Each article is composed of a number of header lines and an article body.   I The software takes into account that the file may have been delivered by  J the remote NEWs feed node using mail as the delivery mechanism: in such a J case NEWS will attempt to recognise the difference between the additional I mail headers added to the file by the mailing process, and discard these  = mail headers, and process the remaining NEWS header and body.   J ANU NEWS will also generate local headers for any headers not included in J the input file, which can be used to advantage to add VMS Mail mail items ' and/or folders into NEWS - for example:      MAIL> set folder tcpip      MAIL> extract/all tcpip.news     MAIL> exit9     $ NEWS add file tcpip.news/news=local.mail_list.tcpip   K Additionally NEWS will recognise the NEWS mail-encapsulation in common use  I where the NEWS item is distinguished from MAIL-added text by the use of   H the character 'N' in column 1 of the NEWS part of the mail message, and ) perform automatic stripping as necessary.   0 ADD BATCH is a synonym for the ADD FILE command.   Command Parameters  	 filename  B 	is the name of a file to scan. The name may contain standard VMS H wildcard characters to specify a group of files, or may also be a comma  separated list of file names.    Command Qualifiers:    /ACCEPT  /ACCEPT  /NOACCEPT	Default A By default all items posted to Moderated  Newsgroups required an  G "Approved:" header line before local NEWS systems can accept the item.  H Without this header line the item is either junked (stored in newsgroup  "junk") or rejected.  L /ACCEPT instructs the ADD FILE command to accept (on the local system only) , unapproved postings to moderated newsgroups.   /CREGRP  /CREGRP  /NOCREGRP	Default C The default action of the ADD command is to only accept items into  B newsgroups which already exist on the system, rejecting all other H newsgroups. This qualifier directs NEWS to automatically create any new H newsgroups which are specified in the item headers which do not already  exist on the local system.  E The reason for the default action of /NOCREGRP is that "checkgroups"  B control messages normally flow through the net, controlling which K newsgroups are valid for a participating NEWS site. These control messages  H will auto-configure your node if you are receiving a network news feed. K Note also that each newsgroup is configured as a connected subnet of nodes  I which accept the newsgroup. If you attempt to join a newsgroup without a  H direct connection to the related subnet, than all local postings to the L newsgroup in question will be rejected by adjacent nodes, and not reach the H remainder of the newsgroup's readership. For this reason /CREGRP is not  recommended. /DELETE  /DELETE  /NODELETE	Default H This qualifier directs NEWS to delete the input file after the contents  have been added to NEWS.   /DEFNEWSGROUP=newsgroup L The default newsgroup qualifier directs the NEWS parser to supply a default J newsgroup to scanned items other than the default newsgroup of junk. This I newsgroup default is only  used when the scanned item does not contain a  J header line "Newsgroups: ...". This qualifier may be used when attempting J to push received personal mail items into newsgroups. The most common use H is in the site distribution of mailing-lists. A "dummy" mail address is J used to receive the mailing list, and the ADD command is used to push the I extracted mail items into a local newsgroup for local site distribution.  K (Note that this is slightly different than the /NEWSGROUP qualifier, which  H is used to override any scanned "Newsgroups: ..." line. The /NEWSGROUPS ? qualifier is the recommended  method of pushing mail into NEWS.    /EXECUTE /NOEXECUTE	Default /EXECUTE=<execute-switch> D The standard for USENET news messages defines a number of 'control' B messages, designed to assist all sites in running a common set of G newsgroups across the USENET. Various control messages are designed to  L delete all occurrences of a particular newsgroup on all systems, create new K newsgroups, or compare the 'standard' list of newsgroups against the local   set of newsgroups.  K The default action of NEWS is to not to create or delete newsgroups - if a  K control message indicates that a newsgroup should be created or deleted, a  L DCL command file to perform the action is sent to the local mail address of I 'USENET'. (This action is acceptable within the relevant standard). This  9 corresponds to the default qualifier value of /NOEXECUTE.   K If /EXECUTE is specified without  any execute switch value specified, then  B newsgroup creation messages are executed immediately, without the C requirement for approval by the local news manager. In the case of  F newsgroup deletion ("rmgroup" or a "checkgroups" message) the default K action of /EXECUTE is to set the newsgroups which are to be removed to a 1  L week retention period. The action can be manually selected by the qualifier  setting of /EXECUTE=RETAIN.   > This default action of /EXECUTE may be modified by specifying G /EXECUTE=LOCAL, in which case any such newsgroups which are marked for  H deletion by incoming control deletion messages are set to /LOCAL status.  K The last possible switch setting, /EXECUTE=DELETE, immediately deletes all  G newsgroups which as marked for deletion by incoming  control messages.    H In all cases a log of the actions performed will be posted to the local  mail address USENET.5                                                        /JUNK 
 /JUNK	Default  /NOJUNK J /JUNK  instructs the ADD FILE command to place any part of the input file L which cannot be correctly parsed, or any news item which is filtered by the H NEWS.SYS file, or where there are no local newsgroups to hold the item, I into the local newsgroup ``junk''. This newsgroup is intended as a short- K term storage area where the items can be scanned, and the database altered  # if necessary to accept such items.    K /NOJUNK instructs the ADD FILE command to reject all items which cannot be  " added to the local NEWS database.   
 /MODERATORE This qualifier allows a newsgroup Moderator to insert items into the  L moderated newsgroup (Using this qualifier it is not necessary to have local F news management privileges, but the user MUST be the moderator of the G newsgroup to which the items will be added. This differs from the POST  I command in so far as the original submitter's address is preserved. This  C qualifier is documented in more detail in the section on moderated   newsgroups.    /NETFEED /NETFEED	Default
 /NONETFEEDJ The ADD command is commonly used to process a network feed of NEWS - this K implies that the ADD FILE command should also generate the necessary batch  D files for subsequent transmission to any downstream sites. /NETFEED J instructs the ADD FILE command to use the information in the NEWS.SYS and F NEWS.DISTRIBUTION files to generate the batch feed files as required.                                  H /NONETFEED bypasses the generation of a network feed in the ADD command. /NEWSGROUP=newsgroupC This directs the NEWS parser to place all items into the nominated  J newsgroup (regardless of whether the item contains a "Newsgroups:" header H line). This qualifier is useful when converting messages from a mailing  list into a newsgroup:     	MAIL> set folder CMU_TCPIP   	MAIL> extract/all tcp.mail  	MAIL> delete/all  	MAIL> exit 	$ NEWS/NOSCREEN' 	NEWS> add file tcp.mail/news=anu.tcpip   
 /NOCONTROLK This qualifier directs the NEWS parser to ignore any directive that may be  # contained in "Control: .." headers.    /RETRYJ When a network feed news item is rejected by the local node an attempt is J made to place the item into the "junk" newsgroup. This rejection may take E place for a number of reasons, but the primary one is that the local  K filters (newsgroup and distribution filters), as specified in the NEWS.SYS  B file, have rejected this item.                                      G You may wish to make changes to the NEWS.SYS file and retry adding the  H item. Normally such an attempt would be rejected, as the Path: name now J contains the local node name, and this is regarded as a loop in the news. J /RETRY directs the ADD command to ignore the Path: line when checking the + news item for addition into the local node. 
 ADD MARKER    2 ADD MARKER places a mark on the current news item.   Format: 1     ADD MARKER  [marker-name    [item-number  ] ]   H ADD MARKER places a mark against the current newsitem. This item can be G selected at a later stage by the READ/MARK or SELECT/MARK commands, or  " printed by the PRINT/MARK command.  L If no marker-name value is specified then the default mark value, "mark" is L used.  A marker name is a string (more usually a single user-defined word). G If no item number is specified, the mark is placed against the current  H item. Families of related items may be "marked" with the same mark name.  3 See Also:   MARK, UNMARK, CLEAR MARK, DELETE MARKER    Command Parameters:    marker-name J is a text string of the mark value. Any string may be specified as a mark  value.   item-number I is specified to mark an item other than the current item.  The news item   number is used. 
 ADD MEMBER    L ADD MEMBER is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. ADD MEMBER is not supported within * the diskless client execution environment.   Format:      ADD MEMBER username   I ADD MEMBER adds a new user to the membership list of a restricted access  J newsgroup. Membership of the newsgroup grants the username read access to 8 the newsgroup, and by default also grants write access.   I The username may include wildcard characters (?,%,*) to include a set of  D related usernames, or may be an identifier name. If either of these I specifications are used it is advised not to include the /MAIL or /NODES   parameters to the command.    L The newsgroup must have been set as a restricted access  newsgroup for this L command to be executed, and the user must be either the local News Manager, 9 or the moderator  or local supervisor of this newsgroup.     Command Parameters   usernameI is normally the name of an individual username, but an identifier may be  I specified instead, granting all users who own that identifier the access  ' rights associated with that identifier.    Command Qualifiers:    /MAIL=mail-addressK Specifies a mail address for this member. The address format may be either  * a VMS MAIL or an internet format address.      /PRIVILEGES=priv-list  Format: H     ADD MEMBER username /PRIVILEGES=(SUPERVISE    [, WRITE | NOWRITE]  )  ) Associates privileges with this username.   L SUPERVISE allows the user to delete any newsitem, add and delete members of E the restricted newsgroup and unconditionally write to the newsgroup.    J WRITE implies explicit WRITE access to the NEWSGROUP. This is the default  for all newsgroup members.  3 NOWRITE implies read-only access to this newsgroup.  ANSWER    > ANSWER is used to post a reply to a news item back into NEWS.    Format:      ANSWER [item-number ]   L The followup item posted by the ANSWER command will reference the news item 6 you are following up as the parent of the new posting.  - The command FOLLOWUP is equivalent to ANSWER.   D The editor is invoked to form the new posting, with the edit buffer L preloaded with the text of the original item. The default editor is the TPU I editor, but this is user definable - see the section on customisation to  " specify a different editor to use.  G NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and will prompt for all  K header items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the newsgroups   to post the item into).                      K If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated newsgroups, the posting is  K automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address, and NOT posted  
 back to NEWS.      See Also FOLLOWUP, REPLY, POST   Command Parameters   item-number H is the number of the item to which the response is directed. It no item-H number is given as a command parameter, the current item is used as the  basis of the followup posting.   Command Qualifiers:    /EXTRACT /EXTRACT		DEFAULT 
 /NOEXTRACTL This qualifier causes NEWS to pre-load the edit buffer with the contents of H the posting to which the followup is addressed. The original posting is ! enclosed in quotation characters     /HEADERSJ Answer will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list of J newsgroups to post the item into. All other header lines of the news item % text will be filled with null values.   K The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components of the   item header. These fields are:  = Summary:   A one line summary of the contents of the posting.   K Reply-To:   The (internet) mail address for REPLYing to the item - used if  E replies are to be sent to a mail address OTHER than yourself (as the   originator of the item.   K Distribution:   A (comma separated) list of keywords designed to limit the  K distribution of a news item to a subset of the network. These keywords are  K site specific, but commonly include the keyword "local" (do not forward to  
 the net!).  H Followup-To:   The list of newsgroups where followup postings are to be = sent. This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.   J Keywords:   A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate to other # readers if the item is of interest.   K Expires:  A date to indicate the end of the useful life of the information  G in the message. NEWS will reject expirations greater than 12 months as   being too outlandish.    /SELF 7 This directs NEWS to send a self copy through VMS MAIL.    /ROT13I This qualifier directs NEWS to use the rot13 encryption algorithm on the    body of the text before posting. ATTACH       ATTACH to another VMS process    Format:      ATTACH  [process-name ]   I Attaches your terminal to the parent process, or a specified sub-process.    See Also  SPAWN    Command Parameters   process nameI This command takes one optional parameter, a process-name. If no process- I name is specified, the terminal is attached to the parent process of the   current process.   Command Qualifiers   /PARENT 9 Attach to the parent process which spawned the NEWS task.  BACK      , BACK reads the previous item in a newsgroup.  H This command is equivalent to the command READ/BACK. The command may be : modified by specifying one of the parameters listed below.   Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  I default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW  C logical name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For  D compatibility with previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to  /EDITOR.   /ROT13A 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier  " decrypts the newsitem for display.
 BACK REPLY      H BACK REPLY locates and displays the parent item of the current response.  K The command is equivalent to READ/PARENT, displaying the previous entry in  1 the same conversation stream as the current item.    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  I default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW  C logical name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For  D compatibility with previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to  /EDITOR.   /ROT13A 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier  " decrypts the newsitem for display.	 BACK NOTE     ; BACK NOTE is a synonym for the BACK and READ/BACK commands.   % BACK/TOPIC is a synonym for BACK/NOTE    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  I default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW  C logical name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For  D compatibility with previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to  /EDITOR.   /ROT13A 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier  " decrypts the newsitem for display. BOTTOM    E BOTTOM sets the didplay (and the current pointer) to the base of the   display.  H This command shifts the current display to the base of the dicectory or I text. In the case of newsgroup or newsitem directory screens the current  1 pointer is set to the last item in the directory.   F This command is bound by default to the key GOLD DOWN-ARROW  (the key  sequence PF1, DOWN-ARROW). CANCEL      / CANCEL  deletes the current newsitem from NEWS.   J This command inspects the address of the sender of the newsitem, and will K only perform the deletion if the sender's address matches that of the user  3 (i.e. if you were the original poster of the item).   I In the case that you are a local newsgroup supervisor or the newsgroup's  F moderator, or the local news manager, then you can CANCEL any posting 7 originating from the current node within the newsgroup.   L As well as deleting the local copy of the newsitem, a 'cancel' control news J message is sent through the news network to ensure that all copies of the 9 item, held on all connected NEWS nodes, are also deleted. 
 CLEAR KILL      ( CLEAR KILL  removes active kill filters.   Format:      CLEAR KILL   [tag ]   H CLEAR KILL removes the kill filters with the matching tag from the kill L filter set. If no tag value is specified then ALL kill filters are cleared. L The optional tag  command parameter is the name of the associated tag value  of the kill filter.   % See Also KILL, SHOW KILL, MODIFY KILL 
 CLEAR MARK    $ CLEAR MARK  removes news item marks.   Format:      CLEAR MARK [tag ]   L CLEAR MARK removes all marks of the specified tag from the mark list. If no F tag value is specified then ALL marks are cleared. Otherwise only the L specified tag value (a user supplied string value) is cleared. The wildcard G character ('*') can be used in the tag field to clear a set of related   tags.   " See Also  ADD MARKER, MARK, UNMARK CLEAR MESSAGES    . CLEAR MESSAGES  clears the VMS message buffer.  E CLEAR MESSAGES clears the VMS message buffer. All terminal broadcast  E messages are stored in this buffer if broadcast trapping is enabled.  J Additionally all NEWS informational and error messages are also placed in 
 this buffer.     See Also  SHOW MESSAGES  CLOSE       D CLOSE closes the current newsgroup, and the display is reset to the  directory list of newsgroups.  COPY      H COPY is only supported if the current item is a personal mail item (See  OPEN/MAIL).   K Copy places a copy of the current mail item into the nominated mail folder.    Format:      COPY folder    Command Parameters   folderB is the name of the destination mail folder for the copy operation.
 CLOSE MAIL      L CLOSE MAIL  closes the open mail file, and removes the "private" newsgroups > which are associated with each folder of the user's mail file.  7 CLOSE/MAIL  is an alternate format of the same command.  COMPRESS      H COMPRESS  compresses your personal mail file. You must have opened your K mail file within NEWS by the OPEN/MAIL command prior to using this command.  CREATE NEWSGROUPS       D CREATE NEWSGROUPS is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not 1 supported when running NEWS as a diskless client.   I There are two equivalent commands to this command: CREATE CONFERENCE and   CREATE GROUPS.   Format:      CREATE NEWSGROUPS newsgroup     E CREATE NEWSGROUPS is used to create new newsgroups on the local node.   G The Newsgroup parameter is the name of the newsgroup to create. If the  I newsgroup does not exist on the local node, then the user is prompted to  . confirm that the newsgroup should be created.   J This parameter can also specify a comma separated list of newsgroup names G to create. In the case of a list of names the qualifiers used (if any)  C refer to ALL newsgroups in the list (positional qualifiers are NOT   supported in this release).    Command Qualifiers  	 /APPROVAL  /APPROVAL   Default  /NOAPPROVAL J Moderated newsgroups require an Approved: header in all postings in order I to be accepted by each local NEWS site. This approval requirement can be  C removed by specifying the /NOAPPROVAL qualifier with the newsgroup.    /CONFIRM /CONFIRM   Default
 /NOCONFIRMK Normally NEWS will require confirmation in order to create new newsgroups.  4 The /NOCONFIRM qualifier overrides this requirement.   /HOLD=n J This qualifier specifies the retention period (in days) of the Newsgroup. L This retention period is defined as the period over which no new items were D posted to the newsgroup, after which the newsgroup is automatically J deleted. If not specified, the system default value (normally 60 days) is  used.   F If the value /HOLD=* is used, the newsgroup will NOT be automatically  deleted.   /IGNOREEXPIRES /IGNOREEXPIRES /NOIGNOREEXPIRES	DefaultL NEWS items may contain an optional Expires: header specifying the date that L the item should be retained until. By default NEWS will accept the Expires: K headers, with a maximum retention period of 1 year and a minimum of 3 days.   K The system default retention periods can override any Expires: header on a  @ newsgroup-by-newsgroup basis using the /IGNOREEXPIRES qualifier.   /ITEMHOLD=n G This qualifier specifies the default retention period (in days) of the  J items within this newsgroup. All news items will remain on the system for I the specified period, after which they will be automatically deleted. If  H not specified the system default value (normally 14 days) is used. Note K that the SET ITEM command can be used to alter the retention period for an   individual news item.   H If the value /ITEMHOLD=* is used, NO items within the newsgroup will be  automatically deleted.   /LOCALG Newsgroups are defined by default to be Network newsgroups - A network  F newsgroup is created in response to a network-wide "newgroup" control C message, and is deleted in response to a network-wide "rmgroup" or   "checkgroups" message.  K Newsgroups which are local to a this site, or local to a domain within the  K wider network are created with the /LOCAL qualifier. This ensures that the  > newsgroup will not be deleted by the network control messages.  	 /MAILLIST  /MAILLIST=address K This qualifier sets the newsgroup as a mailing list newsgroup.This is very  I similar to setting a moderated newsgroup with a number of alterations in  K the support of the newsgroup to act as an interface between the local news   system and a mailing list.  H The changes from the moderator model in order to support the mapping of J mailing lists into NEWS require the dropping of the Approval: item header J requirement for incoming items, and a forwarding of all local postings to I the mapped newsgroup to the mailing list address without the normal NEWS   headers.  H The address used with this qualifier is the address of the mailing list.   /MODERATOR=address /MODERATOR=address
 /MODERATOR /NOMODERATORJ This qualifier creates a moderated newsgroup. No user may post news items C directly into a moderated newsgroup (unless the user is the actual  G moderator of the newsgroup). Any items posted into such newsgroups are  K redirected into the mail systems, and are mailed directly to the moderator   for approval.   A The moderator address should be specified in the internet format  K (user@node.site.domain) - not DECnet format (the translation from internet  F addresses to the equivalent DECnet addresses is handled internally by  NEWS).    	 /RESTRICT I This qualifier creates a restricted newsgroup. A restricted newsgroup is  D one where read and write access to the newsgroup is restricted to a K specific list of members. The membership of the newsgroup is determined by  : the ADD MEMBER, DELETE MEMBER and MODIFY MEMBER commands.    /TITLE="title-string" J Newsgroups may be created with a title string. This title is displayed in L the head of a newsgroup directory, and is intended as a (short) description E of the newsgroup. The string length is restricted to 124 characters.     /WRITE /WRITE	Default /NOWRITEA By default all newsgroups are writeable by all users (there is a  K qualification to this assertion - a set of newsgroups can be setup as read- K only by use of the NEWS_NETPOST/NEWS_NONETPOST identifiers - the newsgroup  ' set refers to the /NOLOCAL newsgroups).   A A newsgroup can be setup as a read-only newsgroup by the command:   !     CREATE NEWSGROUP name/NOWRITE   F Once a newsgroup has been set as /NOWRITE only those users with write E permission can post to this newsgroup (see ADD MEMBER to grant write   permission to a username).   /SERVER=nodeE Newsgroups may be linked to a remote NEWSSERVER via the NNTP network  K protocol. The presence of a remote server for a newsgroup implies that the  K local site need not keep the text files of all items within a newsgroup on  K local storage -- when a user on the local system reads an item, the remote  + server passes a copy of the text on demand.   I This configuration can be used to reduce the overall storage demands for  L NEWS if a number of NNTP-connected systems are all running NEWS. One system L may be nominated as the server for a number of client nodes, or a number of G systems can be used to serve subsets of the total newsgroup set to the  L clients (i.e. a node may be configured as a client for some newsgroups, and  a server for other newsgroups).   H This qualifier requires a node name as a value -- this name is the node  name of the remote server.  * /CACHE  				(/SERVER=node   required also) 	/CACHE	DEFAULT 	 	/CACHE=n 	 	/NOCACHE I The /CACHE qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier.    /CACHE is the default value.    K If a newsgroup is served from a remote system, then it is not necessary to  L keep local copies of the text of news items for the retention period of the I news item record - as the server node will retain all items for the full  G period. If a newsitem is served from a remote system, and a local user  I requests to view the contents of that item, the server system copies the  K text of the item into the local user's scratch area. By default, a copy of  E this text is also placed in the local NEWS database, so that further  B requests to read the item do not need to access the remote server.  G By default, the local text is deleted after 2 days, and any subsequent  E requests to view the text of the item will result in a remote server  K request for the item text. This text retention period can be set to n days  % using the /CACHE=n  qualifier value.    H This retention of the local copy can be inhibited by using the /NOCACHE H qualifier -- in such a case all requests to view the item will generate  remote server requests.   , /INQUIRE 				 (/SERVER=node   required also)C This command is used in the context of a client NEWS system adding  H newsgroups into the client database to match those held by the client's H server system. The command allows the client system to import all, or a K subset, of the newsgroups held on a news server node. The command requires  B the /SERVER and /PROTOCOL qualifiers as well (and if they are not A specified, then the user will be prompted to supply the values).    K The action of the command is to request the full list of newsgroups on the  K target server node. All newsgroups which do not already exist on the local  H node are then created, subject to confirmation by the user for each new J newsgroup. The attributes of the created newsgroups are set to the server , and protocol values as given in the command.  I The newsgroup list specified in the command line is the pattern to match  K when looking for new newsgroups. The following examples illustrate the use   of pattern specification.   G To import all newsgroups defined on the node "unixnode", using the TCP    transport, the command would be:<    NEWS> CREATE NEWSGROUP */SERVE=unixnode/PROTO=TCP/INQUIRE  J To import all newsgroups within the tree "anu.*" from the node "vmsnode", 
 using DECnet: B    NEWS> CREATE NEWSGROUP anu.*/SERVE=vmsnode/PROTO=DECNET/INQUIRE  E /INQUIRE also supports an additional qualifier, "/SINCE=date", which  L restricts the search on the remote system to those newsgroups created since  the specified date.   4 /PROTOCOL=protocol  		(/SERVER=node   required also)K Specifies a protocol to be used to access the NNTP SERVER node. The values  E for this qualifier are DECNET, CMUTCP, WINTCP' or MULTINETTCP'. They  L indicate the transport protocol used to carry the NNTP traffic between this  client and the server node.   ; /SINCE=date-time 			 (/SERVER=node/INQUIRE   required also) L This command is used in conjunction with the /INQUIRE qualifier to restrict G the search for new newsgroups on the server to those created since the   specified time.   * /UPDATE 				(/SERVER=node   required also) /UPDATE	Default 	 /NOUPDATE F This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier, and I directs NEWS to load the created newsgroup with the contents of the NNTP   server database immediately.	 CROSSPOST       H CROSSPOST allows the user to copy an item from one newsgroup to another.  J CROSSPOST copies the current item into another newsgroup (or newsgroups). B This is equivalent to the command sequence of EXTRACT followed by L POST/NOEDIT. The original headers of the item are re-edited by this command , to record the user performing the crosspost.  J The command will prompt for the target newsgroup to crosspost the current  item to.  K The command can also be used to transfer mail items into NEWS by selecting  K the mail item (after performing an OPEN/MAIL), then CROSSPOSTing this item  B to newsgroups. The reverse is NOT possible - news items cannot be 0 CROSSPOSTed into private MAIL folder newsgroups.
 DEFINE/KEY      2 DEFINE/KEY is used to make key / command bindings.   Format: +      DEFINE/KEY key-name equivalence-string   K This command associates an equivalence string and a set of attributes with   a key on the terminal keyboard.    Command Parameters   key-nameC The key-name  parameter specifies the name of the key that you are  J defining. The following table  gives  the  set of key  names  in  column  G one.  The remaining three columns indicate the key designations on the  J keyboards for the three different types  of  terminals  that  allow  key  
 definitions.    J NOTE: that the arrow keys and the PREV SCREEN and NEXT SCREEN keys should 4 not be re-defined from their default defined values.   	Key-name	LK201	VT100-type	VT52    	PF1	PF1	PF1	[blue]  	PF2	PF2	PF2	[red]   	PF3	PF3	PF3	[gray] 	PF4	PF4	PF4	-& 	KP0,KP1...KP9	0,1...9	0,1...9	0,1...9  	PERIOD	.	.	.  	COMMA	,	,	n/a   	MINUS	-	-	n/a   	ENTER	Enter	ENTER	ENTER 
  	E1	Find	-	-   	E2	Insert Here	-	-  	E3	Remove	-	-   	E4	Select	-	-   	HELP	Help	-	-   	DO	Do	-	-   	F17...F20	F17...F20	-	-   M The equivalence-string  specifies the string which is to be processed  when   C you press  the key. If the string contains any spaces, enclose the  ' equivalence string in quotation marks.     Command Qualifiers   /ECHO J Determines whether or not the equivalence  string  is  displayed  on your J screen  after the key has been pressed.  The default is /ECHO. You cannot , use /NOECHO with the /NOTERMINATE qualifier.   /PROTECTL Determines whether or not the key definition can be changed or deleted once 7 the definition is performed. /NOPROTECT is the default.    /IF_STATE=(state-name,...)K Specifies a list of one or more states, one of which must be in effect for  K the key definition to be in effect. If you omit the /IF_STATE qualifier or  A use /NOIF_STATE, the current state is used. The state name is an  J alphanumeric string. States are established with the /SET_STATE qualifier I or the SET KEY command. If you specify only one state name, you can omit  K the parentheses. By including several state names, you can define a key to  3 have the same function in all the specified states.    /LOCK_STATE J Specifies that the state set by the /SET_STATE qualifier remain in effect L until explicitly changed. If you use the /NOLOCK_STATE qualifier, the state H set by /SET_STATE is in effect only for the next definable key that you ? press or for the next read terminating character that you type.   D The default is /NOLOCK_STATE. The /LOCK_STATE qualifier can only be ( specified with the /SET_STATE qualifier.   /SET_STATE=state-name G Causes the specified state-name to be set when the key is pressed. The  * state name can be any alphanumeric string.  K If you omit the SET_STATE qualifier or use /NOSET_STATE, the current state  K that was locked remains in effect. If you have not included this qualifier  E with a key definition, you can use the SET KEY command to change the   current state.  
 /TERMINATEL Specifies whether or not the current equivalence string is to be terminated K (that is, processed) when the key is pressed. The default is /NOTERMINATE,  F which allows you to press other keys before the equivalence string is C processed. Pressing RETURN has the same effect as using /TERMINATE.   L The /NOTERMINATE qualifier allows you to create key definitions that insert H text into command lines, after prompts, or into other text that you are  typing.  DELETE      E DELETE is a NEWS MANAGER command. This command is not supported when  " running NEWS as a diskless client.  D DELETE is used to delete newsgroups and/or newsitems from the local I database. If the screen is currently displaying the newsgroup directory,  L the DELETE command deletes the current newsgroup (DELETE NEWSGROUP). If the J newsitem directory is displayed on the screen, DELETE removes the current  newsitem (DELETE NEWSITEM).  DELETE ENTRY      ; DELETE ENTRY removes a newsgroup from a user-defined class.    Format:      DELETE ENTRY newsgroup  H DELETE ENTRY is a user command, used to change the membership of a user L class. The newsgroup parameter is the name of the newsgroup to remove. This K newsgroup is removed from the current class (or the class specified by the   /CLASS qualifier.   I To delete an entire class, use the value "*" for the newsgroup parameter.    Command Qualifiers   /CLASS=class-name > Specifies the class from which the newsgroup is to be removed.  L To remove a newsgroup from all classes use the value "*'' as the class-name  value.   DELETE NEWSGROUP      H DELETE NEWSGROUP is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. DELETE NEWSGROUPS is not < supported when NEWS is configured as a diskless NNTP client.   Format: $     DELETE NEWSGROUP  newsgroup-list  J This command deletes newsgroups from the local NEWS database. The command J may only be used by the local NEWS manager. Any newsitems held within the ' specified newsgroups are also deleted.                           4 DELETE GROUPS may also be used to delete newsgroups.             L If no newsgroup names are specified, then the current newsgroup is deleted. H Otherwise the newsgroups are specified as a list of names, separated by H commas. The '*' wildcard character may also be used to specify a set of  newsgroups.    Command Qualifiers     DELETE NEWSGROUP/CONFIRM  J This qualifier directs NEWS to prompt for confirmation for each newsgroup K to delete. This value is on by default, and is removed by the "/NOCONFIRM"   qualifier.   DELETE NEWSITEM       L DELETE NEWSITEM is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.      Format: "     DELETE NEWSITEM  newsitem-list  3     DELETE NEWSITEM/IDENTIFIER="message-identifier"   I This command deletes newsitems from the current newsgroup from the local  L NEWS database. The command may be used by the local NEWS manager, or by the   local supervisor of a newsgroup.  B DELETE ITEMS and DELETE NOTE may also be used to delete newsitems.  J By default the current newsitem is deleted. A list of note numbers may be G specified as a command parameter. The format of this list is a list of  G numbers, and/or ranges (start # - end#), the keywords "first", "last",  0 "all", "." (current item) and  "*" (all items).   J For example, to delete items 3 through to 10, 20 and 22 to 25 the command  is:  	DELETE NEWSITEM 3-10,20,22-25  3 To delete all items in a newsgroup the  command is:  	DELETE NEWSITEM *   Command Qualifiers   /CONFIRMJ This qualifier directs NEWS to prompt for confirmation for each newsgroup K to delete. This value is on by default, and is removed by the "/NOCONFIRM"   qualifier.     /IDENTIFIER="message-id"I The /IDENTIFIER qualifier is used to select a news item with a specified  I message identifier string. The format is  /IDENTIFIER="message-id". Note  B that the identifier value includes the '<' and '>' characters. If L /IDENTIFIER is used, this excludes the use of a set of news item numbers in 
 the command.  
 DELETE MARKER       ) DELETE MARKER removes a user marking tag.    Format:      DELETE MARKER [tag ]  L DELETE MARKER removes all marks of the specified tag from the mark list. If I no tag value is specified then ALL marks are cleared. Otherwise only the  L specified tag value is cleared. The wildcard character ('*') can be used in . the tag  field to clear a set of related tags.  " See Also  CLEAR MARK, MARK, UNMARK
 DELETE MEMBER       J DELETE MEMBER is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.      Format:      DELETE MEMBER username  J This command deletes the specified username entry from the access list of  the current newsgroup.
 DEREGISTER      H DEREGISTER removes the current newsgroup from the user's registered set.   Format:      DEREGISTER  [newsgroup ]  K This command removes your registration from a newsgroup. The newsgroup may  I either be specified as a parameter to the command, or, if not specified,  & the current newsgroup is deregistered.  L The parameter to the command is the name of the newsgroup to deregister. If F no newsgroup name is specified, the current newsgroup is deregistered.  5 See Also  REGISTER, DIR/REGISTER, DIR/NEW, SELECT/NEW    Command Qualifiers   /ALLB 	The /ALL qualifier removes registration tags from all newsgroups.	 DIRECTORY       I DIRECTORY displays a list of the local newsgroups, or a list of all news  $ items within the selected newsgroup.  K In screen mode this command is used to move between newsgroup and newsitem  F displays, and also to select some subset of the full newsgroup set to  display on the screen.  G In line mode, this command, by default lists all the news items in the  K currently selected newsgroup, on a page by page basis, displaying the item  % number, creation date and item title.    Command Qualifiers   /ALLK This command resets the newsgroup directory to display all newsgroups held   on the local system.   /CLASS=class-name F Sets the current class to that specified by this qualifier. All other H directory qualifiers listed here are prefixed by the condition that the C newsgroups must be members of the current class. To remove a class  , selection condition use the class name "*".    /ITEMSF This opens the 'current' newsgroup and displays the newsitem for that D newsgroup. This command is equivalent to the basic 'SELECT' command.   /NEWG This command sets the newsgroup directory screen to only display those  G newsgroups in which you are registered, and there are unread newsitems   within those newsgroups.   /NEWSGROUPS J This command moves the context of NEWS to the newsgroup directory screen. 6 This command is equivalent to the 'NEWSGROUP' command.  	 /REGISTER G This command sets the newsgroup directory screen to only display those  ' newsgroups in which you are registered.    /RESETK This clears the internal memory copy of the NEWS database, and reads a new  = copy of the database from the master index files into memory.   B This command is not normally used -- it is relevant only in those J situations where a background process is adding or deleting news items to C the database, and the user encounters 'file not found' errors when    attempting to access item files.   /SINCE=date G This command sets the newsgroup directory screen to only display those  J newsgroups in which new items have been entered since the date specified. < The date is given in VMS time format: e.g. DIR/SINCE=22-FEB.  
 /UNREGISTERED G This command sets the newsgroup directory screen to only display those  + newsgroups in which you are not registered.  DISPLAY       K DISPLAY invokes the NEWS display routines to display the contents of a VMS   file.    Format:      DISPLAY filename    I Invokes the NEWS screen displayt routines to display a VMS file. On exit  I from the display routines, NEWS is resumed. Any file may be specified to   the command. DOWN      0 DOWN moves the selection cursor down the screen.   Format     DOWN [number ]  I In screen mode this moves the current pointer down one line. The command  D has an optional numeric parameter, the number of lines to move down.  L If no number is specified, 1 is the default value. This command is bound to J the down arrow key on the terminal. The command 'DOWN 18' is bound to the " 'next screen' key in the terminal.   See Also  UP EDIT      + EDIT invokes the editor to edit a VMS file.    Format:      EDIT filename     H Invokes the Editor to edit a VMS file. On exit from the editor, NEWS is 2 resumed. Any file may be specified to the command. EXIT       EXIT from NEWS.   # Ctrl-Z is also interpreted as EXIT.   H On exit from NEWS a new register file is written out to SYS$LOGIN. This H file, "newsrc", contains the list of registered newsgroups, read/unread : newsitems, the marked item list and the kill filter lines.  J The context file is used to determine which news items are unread, and is K also used to re-establish context on the next invocation of NEWS. The next  J invocation of NEWS will restore the screen displays to the state at which G the 'EXIT' command was entered. On exit any pending print requests are    released into the print queues.   
 See Also QUIT  EXTRACT       . EXTRACT writes a NEWS item to a VMS text file.   Format: +     EXTRACT  [output-file   [item-range ] ]    SAVE is a synonym for EXTRACT.  F The /DIRECTORY qualifier is used to select directory mode, where NEWS + directory listings may be listed to a file.    Command Parameters   output-file @ specifies the name of the file to save to. The default value is  SYS$LOGIN:NEWS.LIS.   
 item-rangeH specifies the range of item numbers to save. The default is to save the 
 current item.    Command Qualifiers   /DIRECTORY=option E This qualifier modifies the EXTRACT command to extract into a file a  L directory listing of all newsgroups, or of all newsitems within a newsgroup   instead of printing a newsitem.   . The options available with this qualifier are:  L EXTRACT/DIRECTORY=NEWSGROUPS  prints a directory listing of all newsgroups. 6 GROUPS is an alternative option value for this action.  F EXTRACT/DIRECTORY=NEWSITEMS prints a directory listing of the current I newsgroup. ITEMS and NOTES are alternative option values for this action.    /NEWSGROUPS=(group-list ) F Specifies the newsgroups for which the directory mode is to apply. By & default the current newsgroup is used.       /ALLI Specifies that all items in the current newsgroup are to be extracted to   the specified file.    /APPEND K Appends the items to the specified file. If the file does not exist, it is   created.	            /AUTHOR=mailaddress L Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from L the specified mail address are to be saved. This qualifier is a synonym for  /FROM.   /BEFORE=date-time I Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  5 postmarked before the specified date are to be saved.    /FROM=mailaddress L Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from L the specified mail address are to be saved. This qualifier is a synonym for  /AUTHOR.   /HEADER  	/HEADER	Default
 	/NOHEADERH 	Specifies whether or not to include the full item headers in the saved  text.    /MARKER [=(tag-list ) ] F 	Specifies that only those items marked with one of the specified tag  values are to be saved.    /ROT133 Applys ROT13 encryption to the extracted item body.    /SEEN ! Marks the extracted item as seen.    /SINCE=date-timeC 	Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item- ? range) postmarked after the specified date are to be extracted.    /SUBJECT="string "C 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  F which contain the specified string within the item subject line. This " qualifier is a synonym for /TITLE.   /TITLE="string "C 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  F which contain the specified string within the item subject line. This $ qualifier is a synonym for /SUBJECT.   /UNREAD C 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  B which have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN.   /UNSEEN C 	Extract only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  B which have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN. FILE      H FILE is only supported if the current item is a personal mail item (See ' OPEN/MAIL). MOVE is a synomyn for FILE.   A FILE shifts the current mail item into the nominated mail folder.    Format:      FILE folder    Command Parameters   folderB is the name of the destination mail folder for the copy operation. FOLLOWUP      @ FOLLOWUP is used to post a reply to a news item back into NEWS.    Format:      FOLLOWUP [item-number ]   I The followup item posted by the FOLLOWUP command will reference the news  ; item you are following up as the parent of the new posting.   - The command ANSWER is equivalent to FOLLOWUP.   D The editor is invoked to form the new posting, with the edit buffer L preloaded with the text of the original item. The default editor is the TPU I editor, but this is user definable - see the section on customisation to  " specify a different editor to use.  G NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and will prompt for all  K header items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the newsgroups   to post the item into).                      K If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated newsgroups, the posting is  K automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address, and NOT posted  
 back to NEWS.      See Also ANSWER, REPLY, POST   Command Parameters   item-number H is the number of the item to which the response is directed. It no item-H number is given as a command parameter, the current item is used as the  basis of the followup posting.   Command Qualifiers:    /EXTRACT /EXTRACT		DEFAULT 
 /NOEXTRACTL This qualifier causes NEWS to pre-load the edit buffer with the contents of H the posting to which the followup is addressed. The original posting is ! enclosed in quotation characters     /HEADERSJ Answer will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list of J newsgroups to post the item into. All other header lines of the news item % text will be filled with null values.   K The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components of the   item header. These fields are:  = Summary:   A one line summary of the contents of the posting.   K Reply-To:   The (internet) mail address for REPLYing to the item - used if  E replies are to be sent to a mail address OTHER than yourself (as the   originator of the item.   K Distribution:   A (comma separated) list of keywords designed to limit the  K distribution of a news item to a subset of the network. These keywords are  K site specific, but commonly include the keyword "local" (do not forward to  
 the net!).  H Followup-To:   The list of newsgroups where followup postings are to be = sent. This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.   J Keywords:   A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate to other # readers if the item is of interest.   K Expires:  A date to indicate the end of the useful life of the information  G in the message. NEWS will reject expirations greater than 12 months as   being too outlandish.    /SELF 7 This directs NEWS to send a self copy through VMS MAIL.    /ROT13I This qualifier directs NEWS to use the rot13 encryption algorithm on the    body of the text before posting. FORWARD       K FORWARD invokes VMS MAIL, to send a copy of the current news item via mail   to another user.      FORWARD and MAIL are equivalent.  
 See Also MAIL    Command Qualifiers   /HEADERSL By default the news item header lines are stripped off the item text before G it is mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail  ' buffer as well as the body of the text.    /MEMBERSD If the newsgroup is restricted to a set of members, then specifying H FORWARD/MEMBERS, personal mail is sent to all members of the restricted 
 newsgroup.   /NOEDIT K By default, FORWARD invokes the editor to allow the item text to be edited  J before mailing the item. This qualifier sends the news text to the mailer K without modification. The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this  = is user definable - see the chapter on customisation of NEWS.    /SELF J Sends a copy of the message back to yourself, as well as those on the /TO  list.    /SUBJECT="subject " K Specifies  the  subject  of  the message for the heading. If the qualifier  > is not specified, the user is prompted for the /SUBJECT value.   /TO=userK Specifies the address of the users to receive the mail. The address format  $ may be either local VMS Mail format:G 	user ::node   or  protocol_handler%"protocol_specific_address_string "  or Internet format::' 	user@fully_domain_qualified_node_name  K The user address may be a single address, or a list of users. Note that if  F you specify a reference to a distribution list, the distribution list H should only include VMS Mail format addresses. If this qualifier is not 2 specified, the user is prompted for the /TO value. HELP      * HELP invokes the interactive help display.    H This command invokes the VMS help processor, with the NEWS help library K loaded. The  command  can  be  used  with additional command parameters to  > specify the NEWS command on which you want the help displayed. KILL      K KILL  allows the user to filter out all messages of a particular type from   being displayed.  E KILL filters are used in conjunction with processing of the READ/NEW  K command, allowing user-specified types of items to be automatically marked  K as seen without displaying the item text, and causing the READ/NEW process  K to search for the next unseen item. This enables the user to skip messages  9 whose subject, or sender, are of no particular interest.    I The KILL filter works on four possible attributes of an item for a match   with the filters:  	the newsgroup name, 	the subject line, 	the sender's address, and$ 	any other single item header line.   I Of these attributes, only the newsgroup name and a minimum of one of the  K remaining three filters need be specified. If more than one item attribute  F is specified then the logical AND of the filters is the result of the K filter). Thus it is possible to filter all postings by a particular sender  E in all newsgroups, or filter a conversation stream from a particular  D newsgroup, or filter all postings from a particular sender within a  specified conversation stream.    E The KILL command adds entries to the kill filter list. Removing kill  J filters is performed by the CLEAR KILL command, and existing kill filters - can be edited using the MODIFY KILL command.    H The KILL command has three qualifiers: /SUBJECT, /FROM and /HEADER. The J /SUBJECT qualifier directs NEWS to add the current item's subject line to J the kill filter set, and the /FROM directs NEWS to add the current item's H "From:" line to the kill filter set. The /HEADER qualifier takes a text H pattern as a value, and matches the pattern against a header line. This 0 header line value is taken as the filter value.   L The command will then prompt for the set of newsgroups to which this filter J will be applied. The default value is the current newsgroup, however more G newsgroups may be specified using wildcard notation ('*') or a list of   newsgroups.   + See Also SHOW KILL, MODIFY KILL, CLEAR KILL    Command Qualifiers   /FROM < Add the current item's From: address to the kill filter set.   /SUBJECT; Add the current item's Subject line to the kill filter set.    /HEADER="text " G The /HEADER qualifier takes a text pattern as a value, and matches the  F pattern against a header line. This header line value is taken as the L filter value.  For example, to kill all items with the same set of keywords ) as the current item the command would be:  		KILL/HEADER="keywords:"   K This command will read the current item, extract the keywords header line,  # and use this line as a kill filter.  LAST      6 LAST  displays the last item in the current newsgroup.  J If the screen is currently at the newsgroup level, LAST will select (and  I open) the last newsgroup in the displayed set. This is equivalent to the  . command seuqence "BOTTOM" followed by "OPEN".   H If the screen is currently as the newsitem level, LAST will display the C last message in the current newsgroup. In this case the command is  G equivalent to "READ *", displaying the next item in the currently open  
 newsgroup.   Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  I default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW  C logical name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For  D compatibility with previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to  /EDITOR.   /ROT13A 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier  " decrypts the newsitem for display. MAIL      K MAIL invokes VMS MAIL, to send a copy of the current news item via mail to   another user.   ( FORWARD and MAIL are equivalent commands   See Also REPLY   Command Qualifiers   /TO=userK Specifies the address of the users to receive the mail. The address format  $ may be either local VMS Mail format:G 	user ::node   or  protocol_handler%"protocol_specific_address_string "  or Internet format::' 	user@fully_domain_qualified_node_name  K The user address may be a single address, or a list of users. Note that if  F you specify a reference to a distribution list, the distribution list H should only include VMS Mail format addresses. If this qualifier is not 2 specified, the user is prompted for the /TO value.   /SUBJECT="subject " K Specifies  the  subject  of  the message for the heading. If the qualifier  > is not specified, the user is prompted for the /SUBJECT value.   /NOEDIT H By default, NEWS invokes the editor to allow the item text to be edited J before mailing the item. This qualifier sends the news text to the mailer K without modification. The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this  = is user definable - see the chapter on customisation of NEWS.    /SELF J Sends a copy of the message back to yourself, as well as those on the /TO  list.                   /HEADERSL By default the news item header lines are stripped off the item text before G it is mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail  ' buffer as well as the body of the text.  MARK      5 MARK  records a user marker against the current item.    Format:      MARK [tag ] [item-number ]  K MARK places a mark against the current newsitem. This item can be selected  : at a later stage by the READ/MARK or SELECT/MARK commands.  K If no tag value is specified then the default tag, "mark" is used. Any tag  L value may be specified - tag values are words (no space characters) of less  than 80 characters in length.   I If an item number is specified then the specified item is marked, rather  % than the default of the current item.    See Also  UNMARK, CLEAR MARK MODIFY ENTRY      L MODIFY ENTRY alters the user-defined classes to which the current newsgroup  is assigned.   Format: .     MODIFY ENTRY newsgroup/CLASS=(class-list )     Command Qualifiers   /CLASSES=(class-list) D Specifies a new list of classes to which the specified newsgroup is 	 assigned.  MODIFY KILL       < MODIFY KILL  allows editing of currently active kill filters   Format:      MODIFY KILL tag   L MODIFY kill allows existing kill filters to be edited. The kill filter with H the nominated tag is displayed, then each of the four filter attributes J (sender, subject, newsgroup and header line pattern) can be edited (using $ the command line editor functions).                        > If all four attributes are cleared then the filter is deleted.  & See Also   KILL, SHOW KILL, CLEAR KILL
 MODIFY MEMBER       K MODIFY MEMBER  is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported  ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.      Format:      MODIFY MEMBER username  H This command allows a newsgroup moderator, or the local NEWS manager to A modify an entry in the membership list of a restricted newsgroup.    Command Qualifiers   /MAIL="mail-address " / Sets or changes the e-mail address of the user.    /NAME=new-username# Modifies the username of the entry.    /PRIVILEGES=(new-priv-list )I Sets the user's newsgroup-privileges to the specified values. The values  G are: SUPERVISE (grant local supervision privilege), WRITE (allow write  K access to a write-protected newsgroup) and NOWRITE (disallow write access).  MOVE      H MOVE is only supported if the current item is a personal mail item (See ' OPEN/MAIL). FILE is a synomyn for MOVE.   A MOVE shifts the current mail item into the nominated mail folder.    Format:      MOVE folder    Command Parameters   folderB is the name of the destination mail folder for the copy operation.
 NEWSGROUPS      - NEWSGROUPS  displays the newsgroup directory.   K In screen mode this pops the display stack back to the newsgroup directory  I screen from the newsitem or news text display screens. This command is a  ( synonym of the 'DIR/NEWSGROUPS' command. NEXT      6 NEXT  displays the next item in the current newsgroup.  H The command is equivalent to READ/NEXT, displaying the next item in the  currently open newsgroup.   G The commands NEXT NOTE and NEXT TOPIC are synonyms for the command NEXT    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  I default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW  C logical name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For  D compatibility with previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to  /EDITOR.   /ROT13A 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier  " decrypts the newsitem for display.
 NEXT REPLY      L NEXT REPLY  displays the next item in the current newsgroup within the same ( conversation stream as the current item.  L The command is equivalent to READ/FOLLOWUP, displaying the next item in the # currently open conversation stream.    Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  I default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW  C logical name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For  D compatibility with previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to  /EDITOR.   /ROT13A 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier  " decrypts the newsitem for display. NEXT UNSEEN       D NEXT UNSEEN  displays the next unseen item in the current newsgroup.  & The command is equivalent to READ/NEW.   Command Qualifiers   /HEADER F 	Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default L only the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the  display.   /EDITOR E 	Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By  I default this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW  C logical name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For  D compatibility with previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to  /EDITOR.   /ROT13A 	Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier  " decrypts the newsitem for display. NOSCREEN      = NOSCREEN  turns off screen mode and enters line command mode.    See Also SCREEN  OPEN      J OPEN selects the current newsgroup and displays a directory of items held  in the newsgroup.    Format:      OPEN [newsgroup ]   L OPEN changes newsgroup context to the nominated newsgroup.  If no newsgroup E is given, the command selects the 'current' newsgroup. Otherwise the  H specified newsgroup is opened. For example, "OPEN test" opens newsgroup  'test'.    Command Qualifiers   /NEWI This qualifier is used to  select  the  next registered  newsgroup which  L contains unseen news items. If the current newsgroup contains unread items,  then no action is performed.   /MAIL I This qualifier directs NEWS to read your personal mail file and create a  J set of private newsgroups which correspond to each of the folders in your I mail file, of the form "username.mail.foldername". This allow you to use  K the NEWS interface to read, reply and maintain your personal mail. As well  L as the NEWS commands there are a number of additional commands specifically E referring to mail folders: CLOSE/MAIL, MOVE and FILE, COPY and PURGE.   1 The command OPEN MAIL is equivalent to OPEN/MAIL.   	 /MARK=tag H This command moves the current item pointer to the NEXT newsitem marked I with the specified tag value. If no tag value is specified than the next  ! item marked with any tag is used.  POST      3 POST  allows the user to post a new item into NEWS.    Format:      POST [filename ]  J POST is used to post a new news item into NEWS. By default, the editor is H invoked to form the new posting. The default editor is TPU, but this is I user definable - see the chapter on customisation to specify a different   editor to use.  G NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and will prompt for all  K header items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the newsgroups   to post the item into).   K If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated newsgroups, the posting is  K automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address, and NOT posted   directly to NEWS.   F If a filename is specified, the editor is loaded with the text of the E specified file, otherwise the editor is invoked to create a new file.   # See Also   FOLLOWUP, REPLY, FORWARD    Command Qualifiers   /EDIT G The default action is to call the editor to create the posting. If you  H specify a file as a parameter to the POST command, and also specify the 2 qualifier /NOEDIT , no call is made to the editor.   /CONTROL="string" I /CONTROL is a NEWS Manager privileged qualifier. The string specified as  I the value of this qualifier is inserted into the posting as a "Control:"   header line argument.    /HEADERSH Post will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list of J newsgroups to post the item into. All other header lines of the news item ( text will be filled with default values.  K The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components of the   item header. These fields are:  = Summary:   A one line summary of the contents of the posting.   K Reply-To:   The (internet) mail address for REPLYing to the item - used if  E replies are to be sent to a mail address OTHER than yourself (as the   originator of the item.   K Distribution:   A (comma separated) list of keywords designed to limit the  K distribution of a news item to a subset of the network. These keywords are  K site specific, but commonly include the keyword "local" (do not forward to  
 the net!).  H Followup-To:   The list of newsgroups where followup postings are to be = sent. This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.   J Keywords:   A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate to other # readers if the item is of interest.   K Expires:  A date to indicate the end of the useful life of the information  G in the message. NEWS will reject expirations greater than 12 months as   being too outlandish.    /NEWSGROUPS =newsgroup-list K This qualifier specifies the list of newsgroups to receive the posting. If  D this qualifier value is not specified, the user is prompted for the B newsgroups. The list is a comma separated list of newsgroup names.   /ROT13F 	Specifies that the body of the posting will be encrypted using ROT13  on posting to NEWS.    /SELF : A copy of your posting is mailed to yourself via VMS MAIL.   /SUBJECT="subject-string "L Specifies  the  subject  of  the message for the heading. If not specified, , the user is prompted for the /SUBJECT value. PRINT       6 PRINT submits selected newsitems to a VMS print queue.   Format:      PRINT [item-range ]   K By default the print job is only submitted at the end of the NEWS session,  D but this can be altered, by specifying the /NOWAIT qualifier, to an  immediate print job submission.   D If no item-range is specified the current newsitem is submitted for 	 printing.   H There are three qualifier sets: qualifiers which affect the print mode, L qualifiers which select the items and their print formats, and the standard  VMS print job qualifiers.   E Print mode is by default to print newsitem contents (item mode). The  L /DIRECTORY qualifier is used to select directory mode, where NEWS directory  listings may be printed.  L If the item mode is used then the default is to print the current newsitem. L This behaviour may be altered by selecting a range of items, with selection $ criteria also applied by qualifiers.   Command Parameters  
 item-rangeL Specifies one or more items to be printed. The item-spec is the item number J in the current newsgroup. If you  specify  two  or more  items,  separate F the item numbers with either commas or plus signs.  The PRINT command L concatenates the items into a  single print  job  and by default, gives the ) job the name of the first file specified.   J A range of items can be specified by separating the start and end numbers I by a minus. All items within the current newsgroup can be specified by a   '*'.  I For example, to print items 3 through to 10, 20 and 22 to 25 the command   is:  	PRINT 3-10,20,22-25     Command Qualifiers   /WAIT 
 /WAIT	Default  /NOWAIT L Specifies whether the job is to be submitted at the end of the current NEWS 1 session (/WAIT) or printed immediately (/NOWAIT).       & /DIRECTORY=option     [mode qualifier]J This qualifier modifies the PRINT command to print a directory listing of K all newsgroups, or of all newsitems within a newsgroup instead of printing   a newsitem.   . The options available with this qualifier are:  J PRINT/DIRECTORY=NEWSGROUPS  prints a directory listing of all newsgroups. 6 GROUPS is an alternative option value for this action.  D PRINT/DIRECTORY=NEWSITEMS prints a directory listing of the current I newsgroup. ITEMS and NOTES are alternative option values for this action.   7 /NEWSGROUPS=(group-list )    [directory mode qualifier] F Specifies the newsgroups for which the directory mode is to apply. By & default the current newsgroup is used.      # /ALL      			[item mode qualifier]  > Selects all news items in the current newsgroup for printing.   - /AUTHOR=mailaddress   	[item mode qualifier]  L Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from J the specified mail address are to be printed. This qualifier is a synonym 
 for /FROM.  * /BEFORE=date-time 		[item mode qualifier] I Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  7 postmarked before the specified date are to be printed.   ' /CONFIRM       		[item mode qualifier]   /CONFIRM /NOCONFIRM	DefaultE As with the normal VMS /CONFIRM qualifier semantics, this qualifier   C controls whether a user confirmation request is issued before each  J individual  item print operation  to confirm that the operation should be  performed on that item.   E When the system  issues  the  prompt,  you  can  issue  any  of  the   following responses:   	YES		NO		QUIT 	TRUE	FALSE	<CTRL/Z> 	1		0  			<RET> 	ALL  E You can use any combination of upper- and lowercase letters for word  J responses.  Word responses can be abbreviated to one or more letters (for J example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE).  Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE, and L 1.  Negative answers are NO, FALSE, 0, and <RET>.  QUIT or CTRL/Z indicates I that you want to stop  processing  the  command  at that  point.   When   H you  respond with ALL, the command continues to process, but no further L prompts are given.  If you type  a  response other than one of those in the " list, the prompt will be reissued.  , /FROM=mailaddress    	[item mode qualifier] L Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from J the specified mail address are to be printed. This qualifier is a synonym  for /AUTHOR.  # /HEADER  	 		[item mode qualifier]   	/HEADER	Default 	/NOHEADER      I Specifies whether or not to include the full item headers in the printed   text.   1 /MARKER [ =(tag-list ) ]  	[item mode qualifier]  L Specifies that only those items marked with one of the specified tag values  are to be printed.  $ /SEEN      			[item mode qualifier]  Marks the printed item as seen. 2                                                   , /SINCE=date-time    		[item mode qualifier] I Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range)  G postmarked after the specified date are to be printed. You can specify  K either an absolute time or a combination of absolute and delta times. You   ? can  also use  the  keywords  TODAY,  TOMORROW,  and YESTERDAY.   . /SUBJECT="string "     	[item mode qualifier] F Print only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which J contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier  is a synonym for /TITLE.  - /TITLE="string "     		[item mode qualifier]  F Print only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which J contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier  is a synonym for /SUBJECT.  % /UNREAD      		[item mode qualifier]  K Print only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which have  7 not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN.   % /UNSEEN      		[item mode qualifier]  K Print only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which have  7 not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNREAD.       * /AFTER=date-time    	[VMS print qualifier] /AFTER=time  /NOAFTERF Requests that the job will be held in the print queue until after the L specified time. You can specify either an absolute time or a combination of J absolute and delta times. If the specified time has already passed,  the  * job  is  queued  for printing immediately.  + /BURST= {ALL | ONE } 	[VMS print qualifier] 
 /BURST=ALL
 /BURST=ONE /NOBURSTK Controls whether a burst page is printed preceding a file.  A  burst page   K precedes  a  flag  page  and  contains  the  same information. However, it  M is printed over the perforation between the  burst  page and the flag page.   L The printing on the perforation makes it easy to see where individual print : jobs or individual files within a  single print job begin.  E When you specify /BURST, you need not specify  /FLAG;  a  flag  page  # automatically follows a burst page.   L If the /BURST qualifier  can take either of two keywords:  ALL or ONE.  The K ALL keyword indicates that each file in the  job  will  be preceded  by  a  L burst page and flag page.  The ONE keyword indicates that a burst page will > apply only to the first  copy  of  the  first file in the job.  E Use the /[NO]BURST qualifier to  override  the  installation-defined  @ defaults that have been set for the printer queue you are using.  F /CHARACTERISTICS=(charactistic-values  [,...] ) 	[VMS print qualifier]K Specifies one or more characteristics desired for printing the files. If    @ you   specify   only  one  characteristic,  you  can  omit  the L parentheses.  Characteristics can refer to such things as  colour  of ink.  J Codes for characteristics can be either names or values from 0 to   127   : and   are    installation-defined.     Use    the    SHOW E QUEUE/CHARACTERISTICS command to see which characteristics have been  K defined for your system.  Use the SHOW  QUEUE/FULL  command  to  see which  4 characteristics are available on a particular queue.  E A  print  job  can  execute  on  a  printer  queue  only   if   each  I characteristic  specified  with  the PRINT command is also specified for  L that particular printer queue.  If you specify a  characteristic that  has  K not been specified for that particular printer queue, the job remains in a  J pending status.  (In order for your job  to  print, the  system  manager  F should  stop  the queue, physically change the characteristics of the K printer, and restart  the  queue,  specifying the new values listed in the   /CHARACTERISTICS qualifier.)  E Specification of a characteristic  for  a  printer  queue  does  not  E prevent  jobs  that  do  not  specify that characteristic from being  	 executed.   ' /COPIES=n       		[VMS print qualifier] F 	Specifies the number of copies of each item to be printed (from 1 to  255).   $ /FEED       			[VMS print qualifier] /FEED (default)  /NOFEED K Controls whether the PRINT command automatically inserts form  feeds when   I it nears the end of a page.  Use of the /FEED qualifier causes the PRINT  K command to insert a form feed when the printer reaches the bottom  margin   H of  the  form.   The number of lines per form can be reset by the /FORM K qualifier.  You can suppress this automatic  form feed  (without affecting  L any of the other carriage control functions that are in place) by using the  /NOFEED qualifier.  E The   /[NO]FEED   qualifier   may   be   used   to   override    the  K installation-defined  defaults  that  have  been set for the printer queue   you are using.  , /FLAG= { ALL | ONE }  	[VMS print qualifier]	 /FLAG=ALL 	 /FLAG=ONE  /NOFLAG J Controls whether a flag page is printed preceding a file.  The  flag page L contains the name of the user submitting the job, the job entry number, and / other information about the file being printed.   L The /FLAG qualifier  can take either of two keywords:  ALL or ONE.  The ALL J keyword indicates that each file in the  job  will  be preceded by a flag I page.  The ONE keyword indicates that a flag page will apply only to the  ( first copy of the first file in the job.  E Use the /[NO]FLAG qualifier  to  override  the  installation-defined  @ defaults that have been set for the printer queue you are using.  ' /FORM=form      		[VMS print qualifier] I Specifies the name or number of the form that you want for the print job.   J Specify the form type using a numeric value  or  alphanumeric  name. Form K types can refer to the print image width and length or the type of paper.   G Codes for form types are installation-defined.   You  can use the SHOW  K QUEUE/FORM command to find out the form types available for your system.    K Use the  SHOW QUEUE/FULL  command to find out the name of the mounted form  , and the default form for a particular queue.  J If you specify a form whose stock is different from the stock of the form J mounted on the  queue,  your job is placed  in a  pending state until the I stock of the mounted  form of  the  queue is set  equal to the stock of   K the form  associated with the job.  (In  order to have your job print, the  K system manager should stop the queue, physically change the paper stock on  K the output device,  and restart  the queue specifying the new form type as   the mounted form.)  # /HOLD      			[VMS print qualifier] D 	HOLD the request in the print queue until manually released with a I /RELEASE or /NOHOLD qualifier specified with the SET QUEUE/ENTRY command.   ( /JOBCOUNT=n      		[VMS print qualifier]H 	Specifies the number of repeat prints of the job. The maximum value is 2 255 and the default value for this parameter is 1.  ' /LOWERCASE      		[VMS print qualifier] D 	Specifies that the job is to be printed on a dual case printer. By E default the print job may be queued to an uppercase only printer and  C printed in uppercase. /LOWERCASE forces the job to be printed on a   lowercase printer..   * /NAME=job-name      	[VMS print qualifier]J Specifies a job name for the submitted print job. The qualifier defines a L name string to identify the job. The name string can  have from  1  to  39  K characters.  The job name is used in the SHOW QUEUE command display and is  L printed on the flag page for the job. If you do not specify /NAME, the name K string defaults  to  the  file name of the first, or only, file in the job.   , /NOTE="job-note "     	[VMS print qualifier]I Attaches a note to the submitted print job. This allows you to specify a  K message to appear on the flag  page for the job. The string can contain up   to 255 characters.  % /NOTIFY     	 		[VMS print qualifier] G 	Requests VMS to broadcast a message to all terminals at which you are  ? loggerd in notifying you when the print job has been completed.   3 /OPERATOR="operator request "	[VMS print qualifier] A 	Tags the print job with an operator request. This allows you to  M specify a message to be sent to the  operator. The string  can  contain  up   F to  255  characters. When the job begins execution, the printer queue 6 pauses and the message is transmitted to the operator.  0 /PARAMETERS=(param-list ) 	[VMS print qualifier]E Specifies job print parameters. There are from one to eight optional  J parameters to be passed to the job.  Each parameter can include up to 255 @ characters. If you specify only one parameter, you can omit the H parentheses. The commas delimit individual parameters.  To  specify  a  K parameter that  contains  any  special  characters  or delimiters, enclose  ! the parameter in quotation marks.   & /PASSALL       		[VMS print qualifier]F 	Specifies whether the job is to be printed in "raw" mode. In PASSALL J mode the symbiont bypasses all formatting and sends the output IO call to C the print driver with format suppressed.  All qualifiers affecting  B formatting, as well as the   /HEADER,   /PAGES,   and /PAGE_SETUP  qualifiers, will be ignored.  . /PRIORITY=priority      	[VMS print qualifier]G 	Specifies the print job priority. The priority value must be in  the   G range  of 0 through 255, where 0 is the lowest priority and 255 is the  J highest. You need VMS privileges OPER or ALTPRI to specify a value higher J than the SYSGEN parameter MAXQUEPRI (which may or may not be greater than K the default print priority as specified by the SYSGEN parameter DEFQUEPRI).   . /QUEUE=queue-name       	[VMS print qualifier]F 	Specifies a print queue other than the default queue, SYS$PRINT, for 	 printing.     /RESTART			[VMS print qualifier] /RESTART (default)
 /NORESTARTL Specifies whether the job can restart after a crash or a STOP/QUEUE/REQUEUE  command.  0 /SETUP=setup-modules      	[VMS print qualifier]H Specifies setup modules for the print job. This qualifier calls for the I specified modules to be extracted from  the  device control  library and  F copied to the printer before a file is printed. By default, no device  control modules are copied.   K Note that the module names are not checked for  validity  until  the time   K that  the file is actually printed.  Therefore, PRINT/SETUP is susceptible  B to typing errors and other mistakes, and is  recommended only for  experimental setups.  # /SPACE     			[VMS print qualifier]  /SPACE /NOSPACE 	Default E Controls whether output is to  be  double-spaced.   The  default  is  0 /NOSPACE, which results in single-spaced output.  , /TRAILER= { ALL |ONE }	[VMS print qualifier] /TRAILER=ALL /TRAILER=ONE
 /NOTRAILERK Controls whether a trailer page is printed at the  end  of  a  file. The    K trailer  page  displays  the  job  entry  number  as  well  as information  A about the user submitting the job and  the  files  being printed.   J The /TRAILER qualifier  can take either of two keywords: ALL or ONE.  The K ALL keyword indicates that each  file  in  the  job will  be preceded by a  H trailer page.  The ONE keyword indicates that a trailer page will apply 3 only to the last copy of the last file  in the job.   E Use the /[NO]TRAILER qualifier to override the  installation-defined  @ defaults that have been set for the printer queue you are using.  = pecifies whether a trailer page is to be printed for the job.  PURGE       L PURGE empties your mail wastbasket, if you have opened your mailfile within  NEWS. (see OPEN/MAIL).   Command Qualifiers   /RECLAIM5 Force mail to reclaim buckets in the mail index file.   " /STATISTICS   (used with /RECLAIM)< Display statistics of reclaimed buckets in the indexed file. QUIT      K QUIT exits from news without updating the user's news register file. Thus,  L no changes are made to the set of unread items, nor are any changes made to G the set of marked news items (this is a more graceful means of Ctrl-Y).    See Also  EXIT READ      ) READ displays the contents of news items.    Format:  	READ newsitem_number   G By default this command reads the next item from the current selected   < newsgroup, and displays the item on the screen page-by-page.  I The actions of READ can be modified by giving a Newsitem  number,  which   will display that item.    Command Parameters              newsitem_number J This parameter may be either the number of a news item, a '.' (to re-read J the most recently displayed item from the start), or  '*'  (to  read  the  last item in the group).   Command Qualifiers   /BACK I This qualifier is equivalent to the /LAST qualifier. When reading a news  J item this command causes the remainder of the text display to be skipped, & and the previous item to be displayed.   /EDITOR J This qualifier will use an editor in read-only mode to view the newsitem. K This is  useful when it is required to scroll up and down through the item  K text, or extract a part of the text into a file. The default editor is the  J TPU editor, but this is user definable - see the chapter on customisation  of NEWS.  	 /FOLLOWUP F This command scans the current newsgroup for the next newsitem with a I subject field which matches that of the current newsitem subject (within  J the current newsgroup). In this way the responses (if any) to the current  newsitem can be viewed.    /HEADER G Normally  NEWS  will  suppress  the  display  of  all  network routing  F headers. This qualifier produces a full display of the item  contents  including mail header lines.   /IDENTIFIER="id " I All NEWS items are identified by a unique message identification string.  L (This identifier can be displayed using the READ/HEADER command, and noting  the Message-Id: ... line).  K An item to be displayed can be selected by providing the identifier of the   item. e.g.: # 	READ/IDENTIFIER="<243@csc.anu.oz>"    /LAST G When reading a news item this command causes the remainder of the text  = display to be skipped, and the previous item to be displayed.    /MARKER=tag D This command displays the text of the NEXT newsitem marked with the L specified tag value. If no tag value is specified than the next item marked  with any tag value is used.    /NEWG This  command  will  display the next unread NEWS item from the set of  H registered newsgroups. This may cause an implicit SELECT of a different ) newsgroup to obtain the next unread item.    /NEXT G When reading a news item this command causes the remainder of the text  L display to be skipped, and the next item in sequence in the newsgroup to be 
 displayed.   /PARENT I NEWS items may reference a previous item that has been posted. In such a  8 case the text of the item commonly begins with the line:7         In article <message-id>, <user address> writes:   D When a news item references previous items, the header includes the H identifier of the parent item. READ/PARENT will display the parent item  referenced by the current item.    /PREV L NEWS maintains a history of the last 10 items read. READ/PREV pops the most I recent item index off this history stack and displays the item. Repeated  J calls to READ/PREV will continue to pop the stack until the history stack  is emptied.    /ROT13I Some news items are posted using a basic encryption method (rot13). This  H qualifier uses the decryption algorithm to display the message contents.   /SUBJECT=string D READ will display the item which contains the specified string as a . substring. /TITLE is a a synonym for /SUBJECT.   /TOPICF READ will display the oldest posted newsitem in the same conversation L stream as the current item. The oldest item will be original posting in the J conversation stream if the original item is still retained on the system.    /TPUK This qualifier is equivalent to the /EDITOR qualifier. This qualifier will  K use an editor in read-only mode to view the newsitem. This is  useful when  I it is required to scroll up and down through the item text, or extract a  H part of the text into a file. The default editor is the TPU editor, but C this is user definable - see the chapter on customisation of NEWS.   REFRESH       K RERESH repaints the screen. This command is (by default) bound to the Ctrl-  W key. REGISTER      4 REGISTER add newsgroups into the user register file.   Format:      REGISTER [newsgroup-name ]  L Adds newsgroups into the user's register file. Registering into a newsgroup F implies that NEWS will automatically keep track of which items in the K newsgroup have been read, and the user can view only the unread news items    with repeated READ/NEW commands.   See Also   DEREGISTER    Command Parameters              newsgroup-nameD The newsgroup-name parameter specifies the name of the newsgroup to L register. If the parameter is not specified, the current newsgroup is added  to the register file.    Command Qualifiers   /ALLG This qualifier will register  the  user  for  ALL  newsgroups  on  the  F system. On a system with a high quantity of network news this must be  considered a brave act!    /BEFORE=date-time F Registers all newsgroups which were created before the specified time.   /CONFIRM /CONFIRM /NOCONFIRM	Default: Prompt for confirmation before registering each newsgroup.   /LOCAL? Registers all newsgroups which are defined as LOCAL newsgroups.   
 /NETGROUPSK Registers all newsgroups which are defined as NETWORK newsgroups (i.e. the   complement of /LOCAL).   /NEWK This  qualifier  will  register the user for all newsgroups created on the  G system since the last time a REGISTER/ALL or REGISTER/NEW command was   B given. Thus, the user is automatically registered into all recent K newsgroups, and can then elect to deregister from some of those newsgroups.    /PRIORITY=n A This qualifier assigns a read priority to the newsgroup. This is  I particularly useful if you are registered in a number of newsgroups, and  G would like to view new items (using READ/NEW) in a particular order of  G newsgroups. The value is a number (between 1 and 255), increasing with  	 priority.   J For example, if you have new items in net.a and net.b and the priority of K net.b is greater then net.a, unread items in net.b will be displayed first   (when using READ/NEW.    /RECORD J Record the current time as the most recent register time. This will alter L the behaviour of the next REG/NEW command such that the /NEW qualifier will F only select newsgroups which have been created after this command was 
 executed.   K /RECORD is the default with the /NEW qualifier  - /NORECORD is the default   with all other qualifiers.     /SINCE=date-timeE Registers all newsgroups which were created since the specified time.  REPLY       J REPLY posts  a  MAIL reply directly to the sender of a news item. This is C used to respond directly to the poster of an item without the item   appearing on the net.   J News will pre-load the edit buffer with the text of the item to which the K reply is being sent, then invoke the editor. The default editor is the TPU  L EDT emulator, but this is user definable - see the section on customisation  of NEWS.  K Optionally the command takes a single parameter, the number of a news item  6 to respond to (to select other than the current item).  H On a normal exit from the editor the item is posted via VMS Mail to the L sender (The sender's address is mapped into the equivalent VMS Mail address / by site specific address transformation rules).     See Also  FORWARD, FOLLOWUP   Command Qualifiers   /HEADERSJ By default the news item headers are stripped off the item text before it K is mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail buffer    as well as the body of the text.   /SUBJECT="mail-subject "L This specifies the subject header of the mail reply. If not specified, NEWS 0 will prompt for a "Subject:" field for the mail.   /SELF H This is a mail qualifier which will forward a copy of the outgoing mail  item back to the sender. REPOST      K REPOST allows the user to recall a previous posting made by the user, edit  6 the item text, and post the altered text back to NEWS.  L This command is equivalent to the command sequence of EXTRACT, CANCEL, EDIT 	 and POST.   I The command refers to the current news item, and a check is performed to  B ensure that the user was the poster of the item before proceeding.     See Also  POST, FOLLOWUP, WRITE SAVE      I SAVE extracts a news item into a text file - it is a synonym for EXTRACT.   D The parameters and qualifiers for the SAVE command are identical to 5 EXTRACT, and are documented with the EXTRACT command.  SCREEN      $ SCREEN sets the screen-mode display.  K This  enters  NEWS  screen  display  mode (the default mode). This command  4 is normally given sometime after a NOSCREEN command.   See Also NOSCREEN  SEARCH      8 SEARCH displays items containing a target search string.   Format:      SEARCH [target string ]   I This  command  directs  NEWS  to  locate  a  newsitem  which  contains a  I specified text string.  The next item which contains the  text string is  I displayed on the screen. Repeated calls to SEARCH  (without specifying a  I text string) will locate successive occurrences in other news items that    are in the specified newsgroups.  I The search is usually case-insensitive,  but this may be  reversed (made 6I case sensitive) by specifying a mixed-case string  (i.e. upper case only eI and lower case only target  strings are case-insensitive).  To specify a NF mixed-case string you must enclose  the string in  " characters (e.g.  SEARCH "String").s  F By default the search is conducted as a literal search. There are two J variations on this search. Firstly a target string can be specified which I includes the wildcard characters "*" and "%" to match any string and any hF single character string respectively. Secondly a target string can be L specified which includes both wildcard characters and closures. The default D search type (if not literal) is specified as a PROFILE setting, and 6 individual searches can be specified using qualifiers.  K A number of strings can be specified simultaneously, which returns success  D only if all of the strings are located in the item. The strings are  delimited by the "&" character.i  J As this involves examining the contents of all specified item files, this J command may take a reasonably long time. The search may be interrupted by H pressing the RETURN key. This will call up a NEWS input prompt, and the K search may either be resumed (with another RETURN) or a new command may be p given.  K When the item is displayed, the target string will be displayed in reverse o3 video at each occurrance within the displayed text.    Command Parameter   
 target stringfJ The string to search for. The string may be enclosed in " " characters to J specify an arbitrary string. If no target string is specified, the search C is resumed using the previous target string, and the previous item s selection set.   Command Qualifiers   /ALLK This qualifier specifies that all items in the current newsgroup are to be s6 searched. (rather than commencing at the current item.   /AUTHOR=mailaddresspL Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from K the specified mail address are to be SEARCHed. This qualifier is a synonym t
 for /FROM.   /BEFORE=date-time I Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-range) n8 postmarked before the specified date are to be SEARCHed.   /EDIThJ This qualifier will use an editor in read-only mode to view the newsitem. K This is  useful when it is required to scroll up and down through the item  L text, or extract a part of the text into a file. The default editor is TPU, ? but this is user definable - see the section on customisation.     /FROM=mailaddress L Specifies that only those items (from the specified item-range) posted from K the specified mail address are to be SEARCHed. This qualifier is a synonym i for /AUTHOR.   /HEADERwK Normally  NEWS  will  suppress  the  display  of  all  news control header rD lines. This qualifier produces a full display of the item  contents  including such header lines. /LITERALK The target string as specified is interpreted literally, and a simple text U search is conducted.   /MARKER [=tag-list ]K As an alternative item specifier to /NOTERANGE, this qualifier selects all  L strings with the specified mark value to be searched for the target string. D The tag list may be either a single tage value of a list of values. J wildcards may be used to specify a set of tags to use. The default action  is to search all marked items.   /NEWSGROUPS=newsgroupsG By default the search is limited to the current newsgroup. This can be n? modified by specifying the newsgroups which should be searched.e  K The wildcard character ('*') may be used to include a set of newsgroups. A hJ number of newsgroups may be specified with the usual list notation (comma  separated list).   For example:-     SEARCH/NEWSGROUPS=(aus.*,anu.*) "Wombats"t  
 /NODISPLAYJ If this qualifier is used, the screen directory will be positioned on the L item which contains the target string, but item text will not be displayed. = The default action is to display the item text automatically.l  
 /NOTERANGEF By default all items starting at the current item are scanned for the J target string. A list of item numbers, or a list of item ranges to search . may be specified by using this qualifier. e.g.  	SEARCH string/NOTERANGE=5,10-40   /PATTERNG The target string as specified is interpreted as a search pattern with   wildcards and closures.   9 A pattern is the concatenation of the following elements:c c	literal character ce) ?	any single character except end-of-linec %	start of linen
 $	end of line16 [...]	character class (any of the included characters)6 [^...]	negated class (all but the included characters)< *	closure (zero or more occurrences of the previous pattern)$ @c	escaped character (e.g., @%, @[ )  D Character classes consist of zero or more of the following elements: c	literal character cM c1-c2	range of characterst. ^	if at beginning then negated character class @c	escaped character   /SINCE=date-timeC 	Specifies that only those items (selected from the specified item-E> range) postmarked after the specified date are to be SEARCHed.   /SUBJECT="string "H 	SEARCH only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which J contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier  is a synonym for /TITLE.   /TITLE="string "H 	SEARCH only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which J contain the specified string within the item subject line. This qualifier  is a synonym for /SUBJECT.   /UNREAD H 	SEARCH only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which < have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNSEEN.   /UNSEEN-H 	SEARCH only those items (selected from the specified item-range) which < have not been read. This qualifier is a synonym for /UNREAD.  	 /WILDCARD I The target string as interpreted with "*" characters denoting any string h& and "%" denoting any single character. SELECT      ' SELECT selects a new current newsgroup.    Format:s     SELECT [newsgroup ]n  E SELECT  changes newsgroup context to the nominated newsgroup.  If no eK newsgroup is given, the command selects the 'current' newsgroup. Otherwise t" the specified newsgroup is opened.  2 For example, "SELECT test" opens newsgroup "test".   Command Qualifiers   /NEWI This qualifier is used to  select  the  next registered  newsgroup which bL contains unseen news items. If the current newsgroup contains unread items,  then no action is performed.  7 No newsgroup parameter is required with this qualifier.t  
 /MARK [=tag ]eH This command moves the current item pointer to the NEXT newsitem marked I with the specified tag value. If no tag value is specified than the next  ! item marked with any tag is used.u SEND      7 SEND creates and sends a mail message from within NEWS.a   Format:s     SEND  [file-name ]    H SEND will, by default, prompt for the To: address and Subject line, and - invoke the editor to create the MAIL message.r  J You can send a mail message to the author of the current news item you're L reading by using the /AUTHOR qualifier, and you can send a mail item to all C members of a restricted newsgroup by using the /MEMBERS qualifier. n  J You can also pre-load the edit buffer with the text of the message you're ( reading by using the /EXTRACT qualifier.     Command Qualifiers   /AUTHOR K Directs SEND to address the mail to the address of the user who posted the m# message you are currently reading. n   /EDIT, 	/EDIT		default  	/NOEDITI /EDIT is the default value of this qualifier, which directs SEND to call mK the editor to assemble the mail message. /NOEDIT bypasses this call to the u editor.    /EXTRACTG Directs SEND to load the edit buffer with the text of the item you are u currently reading.   /HEADERSL Used with /EXTRACT, this qualifier directs NEWS to load all message headers G into the message buffer. Otherwise a subset of the message headers are . included into the edit buffer.   /QUOTE="quote string " 	/QUOTE=">"		Default 	/QUOTE="string " 	 	/NOQUOTErH Used with /EXTRACT, this qualifier is used to alter the quote character E used to delimit the original item in the edit buffer. By default the wJ original item is loaded using the "> " string at the start of each line 1 J to indicate included text. Using /QUOTE="string", an arbitrary string may G be used as the quotation string. Using /NOQUOTE includes the item text n
 verbatim.    /MEMBERSL If the current newsgroup is configured with a membership list then the mail 6 message will be addressed to all members of this list.   /SELF H By default a copy of the mail message will NOT be sent to yourself. The ( /SELF qualifier overrides this default.    /SUBJECT="subject text "H SEND will normally prompt for the subject line of the mail message. The H /SUBJECT qualifier is used to supply a subject string to the procedure.    /TO="user-address  [,...] "cF SEND will normally prompt for the address(es) to send the mail. These : addresses may be specified using a command line parameter.
 SET ACCESS      L SET ACCESS is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when " running NEWS as a diskless client.   Format:h     SET ACCESS newsgroup  H SET ACCESS allows the local news manager to define a VMS access control E list to control read and write access to a newsgroup via the VMS ACL e mechanisms.   I SET ACCESS invokes the VMS ACL Editor to allow the local news manager to tL define or modify the access control list associated with the newsgroup. The I access control list is placed on the matching directory in the NEWS data b area.  SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING      J SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING controls the setting of terminal broadcast message 	 trapping.i   Format:      SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING r     SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING ONi       SET NOBROADCAST_TRAPPING     SET BROADCAST_TRAPPING OFF  J NEWS by default has broadcast trapping enabled. All broadcast messages to K the terminal are trapped by NEWS, and displayed at the base of the screen,  5 in order to avoid overwriting of parts of the screen.n  F This trapping may be disabled by specifying BROADCAST_TRAPPING OFF or  NOBROADCAST_TRAPPING	 SET CLASSy      5 SET CLASS sets the current newsgroup selection class.s   Format:s     SET CLASS class-name  J This command modifies the current directory selection criteria to display C those newsgroups which have been entered into the specified class. e  D To turn off class selection criteria, use the class name "*" as the  specified class.   See Also   DIRECTORY/CLASS SET DISPLAYn    5 SET DISPLAY is used to set display functions of NEWS.l  K With this release of NEWS only one display setting is modifiable: SCANSIZE.    Command Qualifiers   /SCANSIZE=nuK SCANSIZE determines the number of lines to display of the first page of an  H item text. When using a low speed terminal, it is often helpful to only I display the first few lines of the item to determine whether to view the   remainder of the item text.   G This parameter can also be specified as a logical name "NEWS_SCANSIZE".I SET HISTORY       H SET HISTORY is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.T   Format:      SET HISTORYs     SET HISTORY ON       SET NOHISTORYn     SET HISTORY OFFe  K NEWS normally maintains a history file of recent message identifiers which lL have been held on the local system. This file is referred to whenever a new J item is added into NEWS to ensure that the item has not already been held F on this system, so as to avoid looping news items in the NEWS network.  J This history function can be disabled by the SET NOHISTORY or SET HISTORY I OFF commands. It will remain disabled until explicitly re-enabled by the i NEWS manager.  SET ITEM      J SET ITEM is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when " running NEWS as a diskless client.  C SET ITEM modifies the newsgroup retention attributes of news items.l   Format:s      SET ITEM item-num/HOLD=n                    B This requires the number of a newitem (or defaults to the current E newsitem). Only one qualifier is associated with this command, /HOLD.s   Command Qualifiers  
 /HOLD=daysG This command qualifier defines the retention period for news items The h, value of the qualifier is specified in days.  J If a 0 value is given, this indicates  that  a  higher  level  (newsgroup ' based) default  value should  be  used.a  K If a value of '*' is given, this indicates that the retention is permament rD - the item will never be automatic ally deleted by the SKIM command. SET LINE_EDITING      A SET LINE EDITING sets the cursor movement keys to line edit mode.r   Format:      SET LINE_EDITING     SET LINE_EDITING ON.       SET NOLINE_EDITING     SET LINE_EDITING OFF  L By default VMS NEWS disables the cursor keys line editing functions. The up A and down arrow cursor keys are bound to the UP and DOWN commands.y  L VMS line editing may be enabled with the SET LINE_EDITING. In this case the L keypad key 5 is bound to the UP function, and keypad 2 is bound to the DOWN D function, and the arrow cursor keys perform the normal line editing  functions. n SET MAIL      7 SET MAIL  sets your VMS MAIL personal profile settings.a   Format: 0     SET MAIL profile-parameter  [profile-value ]  L This command allows you to alter any of the VMS MAIL profile parameters, by > specifying a profile parameter and optionally a profile value.   Command Parameters   profile-parameterr0 The parameters which can be set in this way are:  > auto-purge     	auto purge of the wastebasket on close of mailI noauto-purge     	auto purge of the wastebasket on close of mail disabledf  A cc_prompt      	prompt for CC: postings on forward, reply or senduF nocc_prompt      	no prompt for CC: postings on forward, reply or send  I copy_self copy_param	Automatic posting of mail to self on forward, reply r or send      where copy_param is one of:s send	copy to send on senda nosend	no copy to self on send reply	copy to self on replyk  noreply	no copy to self on reply forward	copy to self on forward $ noforward	no copy to self on forward  = form form_name     	set default print form to nominated valuet* noform      	use system default print form  D forward forward-address	set mail forwarding address to given address1 noforward        	disable mail forwarding addressg  H personal_name "personal_name "	set personal name to be used in postings  to given value& nopersonal_name  disable personal name  ; queue queue_name	set default print queue to nominated queueb8 noqueue          	reset default print queue to SYS$PRINT SET MANAGERd      H SET MANAGER is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.y   Format:e     SET MANAGER      SET MANAGER ON       SET NOMANAGERe     SET MANAGER OFFI  H A user who holds the NEWS management identifier (the translation of the G system logical name NEWS_MGR_ID) is identified to NEWS as a local news e; manager, and can execute all the local management commands.c  K These manager privileges can be disabled by the SET NOMANAGER command, and eJ enabled at a later stage by the SET MANAGER command. Note that on startup G manager privileges are enabled by default if you have been granted the u relevant identifier.
 SET NEWSGROUP       J SET NEWSGROUP is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported ' when running NEWS as a diskless client.n  G SET NEWSGROUP modifies  the control attributes of a newsgroup. control  H attributes include the lifetime of items on the local system, newsgroup L moderator addresses, and whether the newsgroup is served from a remote NNTP  server.   J Newsgroups are automatically deleted from the NEWS system if the last new K item in the newsgroup was posted to the group more than n days previously. rH There are three levels of default for this value: A global compile-time J constant (defined in the file NEWSSITE.H, normally 60 days), which may be J overridden by a dynamic global value (SET NEWSGROUP default/HOLD=n days), I which may be overridden for individual newsgroups by a dynamic newsgroup cK specific value (SET NEWSGROUP name/HOLD=n days). The value is specified in tJ units of days, but there is an additional value, '*' which specifies that 1 the newsgroup is not to be automatically deleted.o  K Newsitems records are automatically deleted once they have remained on the rK system for a set number of days. This retention period has fours levels of nI default: A global compile-time constant (defined in the file NEWSSITE.H,  J normally 30 days), which may be overridden by a dynamic global value (SET C NEWSGROUP */ITEMHOLD=n days), which may be overridden for specific f? newsgroups by a dynamic newsgroup default value (SET NEWSGROUP tI name/ITEMHOLD=n days), which may be overridden for individual news items iL (SET ITEM number/HOLD=n days). The value is specified in units of days, but L there is an additional value, '*' which specifies that the newsgroup is not  to be automatically deleted.   Format:o      SET NEWSGROUP /qualifiers  /      SET NEWSGROUP  newsgroup-name  /qualifierse  '      SET NEWSGROUP  DEFAULT /qualifiersn  L If no newsgroup name is given with the command the command assumes the name L of the 'current' newsgroup. If the newsgroup is specified as 'default' then D the attributes referred to by this command are the system defaults.   J The qualifiers accepted for the global default ('default') are /ITEMHOLD, E /HOLD, /KEEPREQUEST and /FILEHOLD and in the case where a particular r, newsgroup is named, /MODERATOR and /SERVER.    Command Qualifiers  	 /APPROVAL  /APPROVAL   Defaulta /NOAPPROVALeJ Moderated newsgroups require an Approved: header in all postings in order I to be accepted by each local NEWS site. This approval requirement can be hC removed by specifying the /NOAPPROVAL qualifier with the newsgroup.e  
 /HOLD=daysH This command qualifier defines the retention period for newsgroups. The , value of the qualifier is specified in days.                         H If a 0 value is given, this indicates  that  a  higher  level  default  L value should  be  used. If a value of '*' is given, this indicates that the K retention is permanent - the newsgroup will never be automatically deleted e by the SKIM command. t   /IGNOREEXPIRES /IGNOREEXPIRES /NOIGNOREEXPIRES	DefaultL NEWS items may contain an optional Expires: header specifying the date that L the item should be retained until. By default NEWS will accept the Expires: K headers, with a maximum retention period of 1 year and a minimum of 3 days.g  K The system default retention periods can override any Expires: header on a  @ newsgroup-by-newsgroup basis using the /IGNOREEXPIRES qualifier.   /ITEMHOLD=daysG This command qualifier defines the default retention period  for  news oJ items within a newsgroup. The value of the qualifier is specified in days.  H If a 0 value is given, this indicates that a higher level default value G should be used. If a value of '*' is given as the value for days, this I; indicates that the default newsitem retention is permanent.e   /LOCAL /LOCAL /NOLOCALG Newsgroups are defined by default to be Network newsgroups - A network cF newsgroup is created in response to a network-wide "newgroup" control C message, and is deleted in response to a network-wide 'rmgroup" or   "checkgroups" message. d  K Newsgroups which are local to a this site, or local to a domain within the tK wider network are created with the /LOCAL qualifier. This ensures that the d? newsgroup will not be deleted by such network control messages.h  	 /MAILLISTt /MAILLIST=addressr /NOMAILLISTeK This qualifier sets the newsgroup as a mailing list newsgroup.This is very dI similar to setting a moderated newsgroup with a number of alterations in tK the support of the newsgroup to act as an interface between the local news e system and a mailing list.  H The changes from the moderator model in order to support the mapping of J mailing lists into NEWS require the dropping of the Approval: item header J requirement for incoming items, and a forwarding of all local postings to I the mapped newsgroup to the mailing list address without the normal NEWS   headers.  H The address used with this qualifier is the address of the mailing list.  
 /MODERATOR /MODERATOR=address
 /MODERATOR /NOMODERATORH This command sets the newsgroup as a moderated newsgroup, or clears the  moderator condition.     E Only the moderator of a moderated newsgroup may post items into that pI newsgroup - all other users who attempt to post to a moderated newsgroup tH will have the news posting intercepted and re-directed as e-mail to the  moderator address. f  K The value of the /MODERATOR is an internet-style address of the moderator. aL In the case where no address is given, backbone addressing is assumed (i.e. 9 the default address as specified in the MAILPATHS file). v            dD The /NOMODERATOR qualifier is used to clear the moderator condition.   /NOTICE="string "i /NOTICE="notice string "	 /NONOTICEaF Newsgroups may be tagged with a notice string. This notice message is I displayed as part of the newsgroup directory heading, and is intended to IG hold current status messages about the newsgroup. The notice string is s- limited to a maximum size of 124 characters.    	 /RESTRICT,J Sets the newsgroup as a restricted access newsgroup. Making the newsgroup E restricted limits the access to the newsgroup to those users who are nJ entered as "members" of the newsgroup (see ADD MEMBER). Users who are not B listed as members of the newsgroup cannot read or write into this  newsgroup. .   /TITLE="string "J Newsgroups may optionally have a title string. This title is displayed in L the head of a newsgroup directory, and is intended as a (short) description E of the newsgroup. The string length is restricted to 124 characters. w   /WRITE /WRITE /NOWRITEJ By default all newsgroups are writeable by all users4. A newsgroup can be J setup as a read-only newsgroup by the command:  SET NEWSGROUP name/NOWRITE  F Once a newsgroup has been set as /NOWRITE only those users with write F permission can post to this newsgroup (see ADD MEMBER to grant write   permission to a username). n   /SERVER=node /SERVER=node	 /NOSERVERtL Newsgroups may be linked to a remote NEWSSERVER via DECNET. The presence of J a remote server for a newsgroup implies that the local site need not keep J the text files of all items within a newsgroup on local storage -- when a K user on the local system reads an item, the remote server passes a copy of   the text on demand.x  I This configuration can be used to reduce the overall storage demands for uG NEWS if a number of decnet-connected systems are all running NEWS. One  I system may be nominated as the server for a number of client nodes, or a cJ number of systems can be used to serve subsets of the total newsgroup set C to the clients (i.e. a node may be configured as a client for some r/ newsgroups, and a server for other newsgroups).n  H This qualifier requires a node name as a value -- this name is the node  name of the remote server.   /CACHE /CACHE=3	Default /CACHE=n /NOCACHEG The /CACHE qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier.s  K If a newsitem is served from a remote system, and a local user requests to iI view the contents of that item, the server system copies the text of the eL item into the local user's scratch area. By default, a copy of this text is I also placed in the local NEWS database, so that further requests to read n1 the item do not need to access the remote server.r  H This retention of the local copy can be inhibited by using the /NOCACHE J with the SET command -- in such a case all requests to view the item will   generate remote server requests.   /PROTOCOL=protocolK The /PROTOCOL qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier. gL Valid values for this qualifier are "DECNET" or "TCP". The default value is 	 "DECNET".   I If a newsgroup is served from a remote system, then either DECNET or TCP DJ may be used to access the remote system. This qualifier sets the protocol ) to use when performing the remote access.a   /UPDATEf /UPDATE	Default 	 /NOUPDATE F This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /SERVER qualifier, and I directs NEWS to load the created newsgroup with the contents of the NNTP   server database immediately.   SET PROFILEh      D SET PROFILE modifies the user profile settings associated with NEWS.   Format:f     SET PROFILE /qualifiersn  H SET PROFILE is used to define a usage profile for NEWS. The profile may F contain the specification of the editor to use with NEWS, the default J action of the OPEN command, the class to be selected on NEWS startup, the L personal name to use with all postings, a set of qualifiers to use with all 0 PRINT commands, and a startup DIRECTORY setting.  H Many of these settings can also be defined using logical names (see the H chapter on customization of NEWS). The PROFILE settings take precedence $ over any such logical name settings.   Command Qualifiers  " /AUTOMATIC [={DIRECTORY | UNSEEN}]E This controls the default action of the OPEN and SELECT commands. By EK default the OPEN (and SELECT) command displays the directory of the opened ,I newsgroup. By specifying UNSEEN, the first unseen item will be displayed O, when the OPEN or SELECT command is executed.   /BROADCAST_TRAPPINGe /BROADCAST_TRAPPINGe /NOBROADCAST_TRAPPINGoF This qualifier directs NEWS to start with terminal broadcast trapping K enabled or disabled. When enabled all broadcast messages are displayed via a= a trap routine in the message area at the base of the screen.r   /CLASS=classname /CLASS=classname /NOCLASS		DefaultdH By default NEWS will startup with the same selection conditions as were L used when NEWS last exited. You can specify a class to select on startup by  using the /CLASS qualifier.d  I The values of the classname are either a valid class name, or the string 	G "MAIN". MAIN indicates that no class selection should be used, and all nD newsgroups should be included in the directory selection conditions.  F The default behaviour can be restored by using the /NOCLASS parameter.   /DIRECTORY=directory-typeu 	/DIRECTORY=directory type 	/NODIRECTORY		DefaultJ NEWS will normally retain the directory context across invocations of the I program (i.e. If you had executed DIR/NEW before exiting NEWS, then when  J you next run NEWS, the initial newsgroup directory state will be restored  to DIR/NEW).  K It is possible to specify a constant initial directory state by defining a  / value for this qualifier as one of the strings: ,  	ALL      NEW      REGISTER      SINCE=date  J If a profile value is specified then this value will override that of the $ logical name NEWS_DEFAULT_DIRECTORY.   /DISPLAY=(display-list)o9 The display attributes which can be set in this list are:e  @      [NO] LINES		For NNTP diskless clients this directs NEWS to % request the line counts of each item. = 				(If the NNTP remote server is running ANU NEWS, LINES is   automatically selected).  C      [NO] POSTMARKS	For NNTP diskless clients this directs NEWS to u/ request and display the post date of each item. 4 				(If the NNTP remote server is running ANU NEWS, $ POSTMARKS is automatically selected)  J      [NO] UNSEENSTACK  This directs NEWS to only display item entries for 
 UNSEEN items.t   /EDITOR=editor /EDITOR=editor	 /NOEDITORiH This qualifier is used to link an editor to NEWS. The editor is used to G generate new postings, and to edit forwarded mail, and (optionally) in  7 readonly mode, to scan the item contents (READ/EDITOR).p  E By default NEWS links the TPU editor to NEWS, using the value of the aH logical name TPUSECINI (or TPU$SECTION, depending on the version of VMS  used) as the section to use.  * The value of this qualifier may be one of:G 	EVE (or TPU) to use the TPU emulator with either the EVE section, or y; the section as defined by the appropriate TPU logical name.o' 	EDT to use the callable EDT interfacesH 	CALLABLE_xxx to invoke a callable editor directly (mapping the editor  into your execution space)A 	A file specification (including the '@' start character) which  D specifies a spawned command procedure to use as the editor for NEWS.   /KEYDEFS=filenamee /KEYDEFS=filenamep
 /NOKEYDEFSK This command instructs NEWS to read in a custom set of key definitions for rL NEWS to be read in from the nominated file. The format of the file is a set  of DEFINE/KEY commands.n  
 /LINE_EDITINGs
 /LINE_EDITING  /NOLINE_EDITING K This qualifier directs NEWS to define the cursor keys as line editing keys sB (up/down arrows scroll through the command line recall stack, and J left/right arrorws move within the command line) at startup. In this case K the keypad keys '5' and '2' map into the NEWS cursor up and down commands. d2 The mode is reset by the /NOLINE_EDITING qualifier   /LOCSIGNATURE=filename /LOCSIGNATURE=filename /NOLOCSIGNATUREdG This command requests NEWS to automatically append the contents of the  D nominated file to all postings that you make to local (non-network) J newsgroups. This file is intended to contain signature information giving J your network address, etc., and allows you to tailor two signature files: > one for network-wide postings, and another for local postings.  ' /NEWREGISTER [=newsgroup-pattern-list ]  /NEWREGISTER# /NEWREGISTER=newsgroup-pattern-list$ /NONEWREGISTER				Default@K By default you will NOT be automatically registered for any new newsgroups S7 which are created on the local system from time to time'  I By specifying /NEWREGISTER you will be registered for each new newsgroup w5 immediately after it is created on the local system.    K You can also specify a pattern, or a list of patterns to match against for SE automatic registration. For example, to only register new newsgroups i< created in the hierarchies comp.* and aus.* the command is:   *     SET PROFILE/NEWREGISTER="comp.*,aus.*"  E The automatic registration action can be turned off by the qualifier i /NONEWREGISTER w  $ /ORGANIZATION="organisation string "# /ORGANIZATION="organization string"i /NOORGANIZATIONsL This customizes your postings with an Organization: header set to the value I specified in the string. If this profile setting is turned off, then the x- system default (if any) will be used instead.n  & /PERSONAL_NAME="personal name string "' 	/PERSONAL_NAME="personal-name-string "s 	/NOPERSONAL_NAME E Sets the personal name string. This name is appended to your network   address in all NEWS postings.o  L If not specified as a PROFILE entry, the logical name NEWS_PERSONAL_NAME is L used (if defined), and if there is no logical name your VMS MAIL profile is , examined to extract your MAIL personal name.  ! /PRINT="print-qualifiers-string "g! /PRINT="print-qualifiers-string "a /NOPRINTC Sets the default print qualifiers for all NEWS PRINT commands. The rF qualifiers used may be any valid NEWS print qualifier string (See the & section describing the PRINT command).  	 /RCFILTERh	 /RCFILTERn /NORCFILTER H By default all accessible newsgroups are displayed in a full newsgroup  F directory display. The number of newsgroups can be restricted by the  E command SET PROFILE/RCFILTER. This instructs NEWS to only use those  i) newsgroups as entered in the NEWSRC file.o  K To reduce the number of newsgroups displayed in the directory listing: run sL NEWS and enter the command  "SET PROFILE/RCFILTER", then exit NEWS and then L edit the NEWSRC file, deleting those lines referring to newsgroups you wish  to remove from the display.-   /RCORDER /RCORDER /NORCORDER	DefaultG By default all newsgroups are displayed within the newsgroup directory cL screen in alphabetical order. By specifying SET PROFILE/RCORDER, newsgroups J are ordered as shown in the NEWSRC. file. To change the directory display H order: run NEWS and enter the command  "SET PROFILE/RCORDER", then exit E NEWS and then edit the NEWSRC file, altering the order of entries as h required   /SCANSIZE=nCK When browsing through news items it is often too time consuming to see the oL full first page off every news item, and it is often faster to see only the C first few lines and then deciding whether to view more of the item.S  L This command configures NEWS to show only the first n lines of the item and K then return to the prompt to see if you wish to display more of the texct,   or pass on to the next item.   /SEARCHL /SEARCH=LITERAL	Defaultr /SEARCH=WILDCARD /SEARCH=PATTERNcH By default the SEARCH command will search for literal text, and if you  K wish to use wildcards or patterns in the search text the search has to be  oH explicitly qualified. The default search type can be altered with this   command.   /SIGNATURE=filenamea /SIGNATURE=filenameo /NOSIGNATUREG This command requests NEWS to automatically append the contents of the hG nominated file to all postings that you make. This file is intended to a? contain signature information giving your network address, etc.p  
 /TEMPORARYK If specified, the PROFILE changes given are only effective for the current  
 NEWS session.n SET SEEN      I SET SEEN  marks items within the currently selected newsgroup as "seen". eB This can be altered by specifying one of the following qualifiers.   Command Qualifiers   /POINTERJ This command marks all newsitems up to (and including) the 'current' item " as having been viewed by the user.   /BEFORE=vmsdateEL This command marks all items in the current newsgroup which were postmarked K by the local system before the date specified as having been viewed by the o user.P  ? The date format is the standard VMS date-time format; e.g. SET VK SEEN/BEFORE=22-FEB. TODAY and YESTERDAY are accepted as valid date strings.	  	 /FOLLOWUPlL All newsitems in the current newsgroup with a subject field the same as the ( current newsitem will be marked as read.  H This command is used to skip entire conversation streams: all newsitems ? with related subject fields will be marked as having been read.e SET SUPERVISOR      K SET SUPERVISOR is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported h' when running NEWS as a diskless client..  . SET MODERATOR is a synonum for SET SUPERVISOR.   Format:y     SET SUPERVISOR     SET SUPERVISOR ON        SET NOSUPERVISOR     SET SUPERVISOR OFF  ? NEWS allows two types of supervision/moderation of a newsgroup:   C   The USENET model of moderation is one where all postings into a PF moderated newsgroup are intercepted and mailed directly to the e-mail J address of the moderator of the newsgroup. The moderator's responsibility K is to approve the posting and place it into the newsgroup with an approval AH stamp. A USENET moderator is identified by a match of the user's e-mail G address with the list of moderator addresses. Such a moderator is more a0 accurately called a posting approval Moderator.   F VMS NEWS also has a second level of supervision of a newsgroup, which L effectively allows a subset of the NEWS Manager's privileges to be given to G a nominated user (or users), with the privileges effective only for in sL relation to a particular newsgroup. Such a Local Supervisor can control the L membership list for a restricted newsgroup by adding, altering and removing H member records, and cancelling messages that were posted from the local % system into the controlled newsgroup.   L Users who have such local supervisor privileges do not have such privileges K enabled at the start of the session: the privileges are enabled by the SET gG SUPERVISOR command for all locally moderated newsgroups. A user who is iK nominated as a posting approval Moderator is automatically configured as a eK VMS NEWS local supervisor if the posting approval Moderator's mail address U is located on the local node.  SHOW CLASSES      I SHOW CLASSES  command lists all user defined class names, and also lists sJ the newsgroup names which have been assigned to each class. The currently * selected class is marked with an asterisk. SHOW CONFERENCE       F SHOW CONFERENCE newsgroup-name  displays the status and configuration G information for the specified newsgroup. This information includes the iL current item count, the default retention time settings, the markers placed G within the newsgroup and the classes into which the newsgroup has been eK added, as well as the relevant NNTP server information if the newsgroup is s configured as NNTP-served.  K The newsgroup name be be abbreviated to a unique substring, and wildcards   H ('*', '%') may be used to list the attributes of a number of newsgroups.  ) This command is equivalent to SHOW ENTRY.g
 SHOW ENTRY      ' SHOW ENTRY displays newsgroup settings.i   Format:p     SHOW ENTRY newsgroup-name(  D Displays the status and configuration information for the specified I newsgroup. This information includes the current item count, the default oI retention time settings, the markers placed within the newsgroup and the tI classes into which the newsgroup has been added, as well as the relevant  F NNTP server information if the newsgroup is configured as NNTP-served.  J The newsgroup name be be abbreviated to a unique substring, and wildcards H ('*', '%') may be used to list the attributes of a number of newsgroups. SHOW HISTORY      E SHOW HISTORY displays the history setting. This is a NEWS management tG command. This command is not supported when running NEWS in a diskless d client configuration.c  L Displays the status of the history file setting (whether on or off), and if A off, then the time and user who last turned off the histroy file. 	 SHOW ITEMa      7 SHOW ITEM displays the control settings of a news item.h   Format:,     SHOW ITEM [item-num]  G SHOW ITEM displays the retention settings for the current or specified  	 newsitem. 	 SHOW KILLG      7 SHOW KILL  displays the user's current kill filter set.i  L Kill filters are used in the processing of the READ commands when selecting H unseen items for display. In the process of selection, unseen items are K passed to the kill filter, and if a match with a kill filter is found, the wJ item will be marked as seen, and the search for the next unseen item will  resume.   < The commands which invoke the kill filters are READ/NEW and  READ/NEW/FOLLOWUP  SHOW LINECOUNTSt      3 SHOW LINECOUNTS  is a NEWS diskless client command.e  E With the client version of NEWS it must be noted that every piece of dL onformation displayed on the directory screens does take additional time to E extract from the NEWS server. For this reason both the linecount and dJ postmark date of news items aret not displayed by default within the news  item directory screens.r  I To display the line counts of all newsitems within the current newsgroup rH then the command SHOW LINECOUNTS will request this information from the ? server for the current newsgroup. This function can be enabled  < automatically by the command SET PROFILE/DISPLAY=LINECOUNTS.	 SHOW MAILa      9 SHOW MAIL  displays the user's VMS MAIL profile settings.a   Format:      SHOW MAIL [profile-entry ]  F SHOW MAIL displays your personal VMS Mail profile settings. Without a J profile-entry parameter, all profile settings are displayed in a display  K screen. Otherwise the individual profile entry is displayed in the dialog  L" window at the base of the display.   Command Parameters  
 profile-entryt< This parameter may either be "all" (the default), or one of:  6 auto-purge     	auto purge of the wastebasket on closeA cc_prompt      	prompt for CC: postings on forward, reply or sendcE copy_self	Automatic posting of mail to self on forward, reply or senda" form           	default print form' forward        	mail forwarding addresso( new_mail_count 	count of unread new mail4 personal_name  	personal name to be used in postings# queue          	default print queuep SHOW MARKERr      9 SHOW MARKER  displays the user's set of markers of items.h   Format:i     SHOW MARKER [tag-value ]  I SHOW MARKER displays a listing of the set of marked newsitems. If no tag cH value is specified, then all mark tag values are displayed. If a tag is D used then only those tag values which match the tag (using wildcard  matching) are displayed.  " See Also  MARK, UNMARK, CLEAR MARK SHOW MEMBERa      G SHOW MEMBER lists the attributes of a member of the currently selected rJ (restricted access) newsgroup. This command is not supported when running  NEWS as a diskless client.   Format:      SHOW MEMBER [username ]   H This command lists the attributes of a member of the currently selected J newsgroup. If the newsgroup is a public access newsgroup then there is no > associated membership list, and a status message is displayed.  L The listing displays the username of the member, the user's privileges with I respect to this newsgroup and their mail addresses (if not that of their   local username).  K If /ALL is not specified, and no username is given, NEWS will prompt for a t	 username.s   Command Qualifiers   /ALL2 List the attributes of all members of a newsgroup.  
 /MODERATORE List the attributes of all members who have moderator privilege with   respect to this newsgroup.
 SHOW MESSAGEST      K SHOW MESSAGES displays all broadcast messages and NEWS diagnostic messages i in a message display buffer.  F All NEWS diagnostic messages, and all terminal broadcast messages (if L Broadcast trapping is enabled) are placed in a message buffer. This command 3 displays the contents of this buffer on the screen.s   See Also  CLEAR MESSAGES SHOW MODERATOR      I SHOW MODERATOR displays the mail address of the moderator of a moderated uF newsgroup. The newsgroup referred to by this command is the currently  selected newsgroup.s SHOW NEWSGROUP      = SHOW NEWSGROUP displays the control settings for a newsgroup.    Format: $     SHOW NEWSGROUP [newsgroup-name ]       SHOW NEWSGROUP *    K SHOW NEWSGROUP displays the control attributes of the current or specified tI newsgroup. The control attributes include the retention settings, server o settings and moderator address.:  H The command SHOW NEWSGROUP DEFAULT displays the global default settings.	 SHOW NOTE       : SHOW NOTE displays the control information of a news item.   Format:a     SHOW NOTE [item-number ]  L This command displays the header lines of the current (or nominated note if F an item number is specified with the command. As well as the supplied L header lines, the display also shows the local postmark time, and the local  expiration date of the item. SHOW POSTMARKS      7 SHOW POSTMARKS  is a NEWS NNTP diskless client command.g  E With the client version of NEWS it must be noted that every piece of oL onformation displayed on the directory screens does take additional time to E extract from the NEWS server. For this reason both the linecount and aJ postmark date of news items aret not displayed by default within the news  item directory screens.s  L To display the postmark dates of all newsitems within the current newsgroup G then the command SHOW POSTMARKS will request this information from the m? server for the current newsgroup. This function can be enabled p; automatically by the command SET PROFILE/DISPLAY=POSTMARKS.  SHOW PROFILE      2 SHOW PROFILE displays the current profile settings  K The display includes the default editor, the default class on startup, the iK NEWS personal name, default qualifiers for the PRINT command, OPEN default /K action and the startup directory setting. Note that PROFILE entries are at yG a higher precedence than the logical names which also define your NEWS f profile.   See Also  SET PROFILEd SHOW SUPERVISORa      G SHOW SUPERVISOR displays the usernames of all local supervisors of the iF current newsgroup, and also displays the mail address of the approval L moderator of the newsgroup (if the newsgroup is a moderated newsgroup). The J newsgroup referred to by this command is the currently selected newsgroup. SHOW VERSION      K SHOW VERSION  displays the software version and creation date of the local n NEWS software.  , The command has no parameters or qualifiers.  1 The command VERSION is a synonym for SHOW VERSION    See Also:  V ERSION  SKIM    F SKIM is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command. This command is not supported when " running NEWS as a diskless client.   Format:m          SKIM   [newsgroup list ]    I SKIM checks aspects of the news database for internal  consistency,  and  : also enforces news item and newsgroup expiry time limits.   5 By  default  the  command will assume the qualifiers:M%      /ITEMS 		(check all news items),r(     /NEWSGROUPS 	(check all newsgroups),G     /SERVED 		(check all remote servers for consistency with the local a
 database),?     /DIRECTORIES 	(check all directories in the database area),e*     /HISTORY 		(skim the history file) and)     /FILES 		(check all item text files).a  J Any of these phases can be bypassed by using the /NOphase  qualifier with  the SKIM command.   K SKIM will take considerable resources to execute. To reduce the time taken NF for SKIM, the following qualifier settings are recommended on a daily  basis:  B 	SKIM/NOVERBOSE/ITEMS/NEWSGROUPS/NODIRECTORIES/NOFILES/NOFILECHECK   and on a weekly basis:  > 	SKIM/NOVERBOSE/ITEMS/NEWSGROUPS/DIRECTORIES/FILES/NOFILECHECK     Command Parameters:s   newsgroup listJ Skim optionally accepts a newsgroup list  parameter. If this parameter is G omitted, then all newsgroups are checked by SKIM, otherwise only those hF newsgroups listed in the parameter list are checked. The parameter is L formatted as a comma separated list of newsgroup names. Wildcard characters @ (*, ?) may be used in the list - e.g.     NEWS> SKIM aus.*,anu.*   Command Qualifiers:e   /DIRECTORIESK NEWS stores news items in a directory tree, where each directory matches a fI newsgroup: for example all items in the newsgroup aus.fred are stored in  G the directory NEWS_DEVICE:[AUS.FRED]. When a newsgroup is deleted, the N1 associated directory is not deleted immediately. o  G The SKIM/DIRECTORIES phase scans all directories in the NEWS area, and TI deletes all directories which do not match currently defined newsgroups. i  
 /FILECHECKA This qualifier is used in conjunction with the /ITEMS skim phase.l  I The default action of the SKIM is to attempt to open each item file, and  E make the necessary corrections to the database if the file cannot be iL accessed. If the NEWS database extends to many thousands of items this open 3 operation will take up a large amount of CPU time. i  I The check can be omitted by specifying the /NOFILECHECK qualifier, which  5 will speed up the SKIM run by a considerable factor. d   /FILESG By default the action of the SKIM command includes SKIM/FILES. In this hL phase of the skim, SKIM examines every nnn.ITM file (newsitem text file) in J the news database, purging  all back  versions  of any file, and deleting G any .ITM  files which have no corresponding entry in the item database.n  E This action can be bypassed using the /NOFILES qualifier on the SKIM t command.  
 /HISTORY [=n] K NEWS maintains a history file of the previous n days, storing all newsitem  K message identifiers in this file. This file is used to correctly implement  L the "cancel" and "supersedes" news header control lines, and to detect long ' period loops in the NEWS distribution. r  G This phase of SKIM removes all entries from the history file which are nG older than 45 days. If a value is given with this qualifier, then this a: value is used as the retention period of the history file.   /ITEMSG By default the action of the SKIM command includes SKIM/ITEMS. In this  G phase  of SKIM, the procedure checks all current newsitems held in the dK local database.  If the item has been held for longer than the locally set tJ retention period, then the item is deleted, or if the text file cannot be  opened the item is deleted.D  F The items to be deleted can optionally be archived using the /ARCHIVE 
 qualifier.  H This action can be bypassed using the /NOITEMS qualifier with the SKIM   command.   /NEWSGROUPSaH By default, the action of the SKIM command includes SKIM/NEWSGROUPS. In K this phase of SKIM, each newsgroup is checked, updating the newsitem count iI for the newsgroup, and deleting any newsgroup which has had no new items AK posted within the newsgroup retention period (see SET NEWSGROUP/HOLD=n for s) more information on newsgroup retention).i  J This action can be bypassed using the /NONEWSGROUPS qualifier on the SKIM  command.   /SERVED @ By default, the action of the SKIM command includes SKIM/SERVED.  K In this phase of skim, SKIM collects the item identifiers of all newsitems  J whose text is held on remote NEWS NNTP-Server nodes. SKIM connects to the L remote server and collects all item update information from the remote item J database. Following this remote interrogation, the local item database is 4 updated to match the data stored on the remote node.  F This action can be bypassed using the /NOSERVED qualifier on the SKIM  command.   /VERBOSEJ Skim will normally output messages indicating the skim action during each G phase. These messages can be suppressed with the /NOVERBOSE qualifier.     /ARCHIVE=filenameo5 By default the value of this qualifier is /NOARCHIVE.T  G This qualifier can be used in conjunction with the /ITEMS qualifier to  K archive a copy of every item that is to be deleted from the News database.  J The items are stored using batch format (items are delimited by a line of K the form "#!rnews <size>. The items are appended to the archive file until NG the archive file reaches 250k bytes in size, when a new version of the a archive file is opened.   J This is not a terribly useful archive format, and some kind of compressed L library format which could be directly access by NEWS would be more useful. K Such a change to the archive format may be implemented in a future version e of NEWS. SKIP      D SKIP is used to mark individual newsitems or all newsitems within a I newsgroup as having been read by the user without viewing the item texts.w  H If the screen is displaying the newsitem directory, then SKIP marks the J 'current' newsitem as read, and advances the newsitem pointer to the next 	 newsitem.s  C If the screen is displaying the newsgroup directory screen, or the rK /NEWSGROUP qualifier is specified, then ALL newsitems within the 'current'  ) newsgroup are marked as having been read.   # See Also:  UNREAD, UNSKIP, SET SEENr   Command Qualifiers:    /ALLI This qualifier will mark ALL news items in ALL newsgroups as having been   read by the user.u   /POINTERJ This command marks all newsitems up to (and including) the 'current' item H as having been viewed by the user. This qualifier may only refer to the 5 current newsgroup. (/UPTO is a synonym for /POINTER).l   /BEFORE=dateL This command marks all items in the current newsgroup which were created on H the local system before the date specified as having been viewed by the  user.   J This qualifier may also be used with the /ALL qualifier to mark all items E in all newsgroups, created before the specified date, as having been f viewed.t  J The date format is the standard VMS date-time format; e.g. SKIP/BEFORE=22-< FEB. TODAY and YESTERDAY are accepted as valid date strings.  	 /FOLLOWUP L All newsitems in the current newsgroup with a subject field the same as the ( current newsitem will be marked as read.  H This command is used to skip entire conversation streams: all newsitems ? with related subject fields will be marked as having been read.   
 /NEWSGROUPL This qualifier will mark ALL items in the current newsgroup as read. If the L screen is displaying the newsgroup directory then /NEWSGROUP is the default A action - if the screen is displaying the newsitem directory then gF /NONEWSGROUP is the default action, and only the current item will be  marked SPAWNe       SPAWN spawns a VMS subprocess    Format:      SPAWN [command-string]    L Spawn a DCL level subprocess from NEWS (using LIB$SPAWN). $ LOGOUT from the  subprocess returns to NEWS.    See Also:  ATTACH    Command Parameters   command-stringH If command string  is specified, then this command is executed and then  control is passed back to NEWS.n   Command Qualifiers   /INPUT=file-specification I Specifies an input file containing one or more DCL command strings to be  J executed by the spawned subprocess. If you specify a command string along K with an input file, the command string is processed before the commands in kJ the input file. Once processing is complete, the subprocess is terminated.   /LOGICAL_NAMES /LOGICAL_NAMES	Default /NOLOGICAL_NAMESH Specifies that the logical names of the parent process be copied to the J subprocess.  When you do not want the subprocess to use the logical names L of the parent process, enter the /NOLOGICAL_NAMES qualifier. The default is  /LOGICAL_NAMES.    /OUTPUT=file-specgK Identifies the output file to which the results of the SPAWN operation are cI written. You should specify an output other than SYS$OUTPUT whenever you sK specify the /NOWAIT qualifier to prevent output from being displayed while  K you are specifying new commands. If you omit the /OUTPUT qualifier, output  , is written to the current SYS$OUTPUT device.   /PROCESS=subprocess-nameL Specifies the name of the subprocess to be created. The default name of the  subprocess is USERNAME_n.    /SYMBOLS /SYMBOLS	Default
 /NOSYMBOLSI Determines whether the system passes DCL global and local symbols to the q$ subprocess. The default is /SYMBOLS.   /WAIT L Controls whether the system waits until the subprocess is completed before  L allowing more commands to be specified. The /NOWAIT qualifier allows you to G specify new commands while the specified subprocess is running. If you mL specify /NOWAIT, you should also use /OUTPUT to direct the output to a file L rather than displaying it on the screen to prevent your terminal from being - used by more than one process simultaneously.e TOPl    I TOP sets the didplay (and the current pointer) to the top of the display.h  I This command shifts the current display to the start of the directory or hI text. In the case of newsgroup or newsitem directory screens the current u2 pointer is set to the first item in the directory.  L This command is bound by default to the key GOLD UP-ARROW (the key sequence  PF1, UP-ARROW).i TOPIC     6 TOPIC displays the original topic of the current item.  E This command refers to conversation streams, where each posting in a oJ conversation contain explicit references to the preceding articles in the  same conversation.  F TOPIC attempts to follow this chain of reverse references back to the F original posting at the head of these backward references, or if this L posting is no longer available, locates the oldest item in the conversation  and display it.N  ! TOPIC is a synonym for READ/TOPICp   See Also: READ   Command Qualifiers:    /HEADERlJ Directs NEWS to display all header lines of the newsitem. By default only G the subject line, sender address and date of the item are shown in the e display.   /EDITORoL Use a callable editor in read-only mode to display the newsitem. By default I this is the TPU editor, but this may be altered by the NEWS_VIEW logical eI name. See the chapter on customizing NEWS for details. For compatibility c> with previous versions of NEWS, /TPU is equivalent to /EDITOR.   /ROT13I Some newsitem are posted using rot13 encryption. This qualifier decrypts e the newsitem for display.W UNMARK      " UNMARK is used to clear MARK Tags.   Format:E     UNMARK [tag]  I UNMARK clears the mark from the current news item. If a tag is specified mK with the command, then only those tag values will be cleared. If no tag is uG specified, then all tags will be removed from the item. The tag may be c$ specified using wildcard characters.  ) See Also:     MARK, CLEAR MARK, SHOW MARK  UNREAD      ) UNREAD  marks the current item as unseen.r  L The current item will be marked with the unread flag, and will be displayed I at a later stage by the READ/NEW command (if the item is in a registered tK newsgroup). This command is useful to mark items for re-reading at a later   stage.   Command Qualifiers:    /ALLG 	This qualifier causes all items in the current newsgroup to be marked  
 as unseen. UNSKIP      E UNSKIP undoes the result of the most recent SKIP or SET SEEN command.   L NEWS will store the identification label of all items marked as seen by the J most recent SKIP or SET COMMAND. UNSKIP will reset all such items back to  unseen status. UP      H UP  is a cursor movement command, normally bound to the cursor movement  keys.    Format:A     UP [number]A  E In screen mode this moves the cursor up one line. The command has an  < optional number parameter of the number of lines to move up.  L This command is bound to the up arrow key on the terminal (unless line-edit K mode is set), and the command UP 18 is bound to the PREVSCREEN key. UP is d also bound to Keypad 5.D UPDATE      F UPDATE is used to update the NEWS directories with the details of any  recent postings.   Format:      UPDATE [newsgroup]  I When NEWS is invoked it takes a snapshot of the local NEWS database, and pJ presents this snapshot in a directory format to the user. If another user I posts to NEWS, or the NEWS transport system reads in a news batch during  D your session your local copy of the database summary is not updated.      tK UPDATE clears the image section which maps the database and reads in a new tE copy of the database snapshot, including any changes made since your   session was started.   Command Parameters:   	 newsgroupoH If newsgroup is specified then the update function is performed on that  newsgroup only.i VERSIONf      K VERSION  displays the software version and creation date of the local NEWS d	 software.e  , The command has no parameters or qualifiers.  1 The command VERSION is a synonym for SHOW VERSION    See Also:  SHOW VERSIONh WRITEc      ) WRITE  is synonymous to the POST command.u   Format:m     WRITE   [filename]  K WRITE is used to post a new news item into NEWS. By default, the editor is sH invoked to form the new posting. The default editor is TPU, but this is I user definable - see the chapter on customisation to specify a different   editor to use.  G NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and will prompt for all AK header items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the newsgroups P to post the item into).e  K If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated newsgroups, the posting is gK automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address, and NOT posted e directly to NEWS.o  3 See Also:    ANSWER, FOLLOWUP, FORWARD, POST, REPLYh   Command Parameters:p   filenameL If filename is specified in the command, the editor is loaded with the text G of the specified file, otherwise the editor is invoked to create a new s file.    Command Qualifiers:u   /EDITnG The default action is to call the editor to create the posting. If you  I specify a file as a parameter to the WRITE command, and also specify the t2 qualifier /NOEDIT , no call is made to the editor.   /CONTROL="string"uI /CONTROL is a NEWS Manager privileged qualifier. The string specified as nI the value of this qualifier is inserted into the posting as a "Control:" r header line argument.    /HEADERSI Write will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list of  J newsgroups to post the item into. All other header lines of the news item ( text will be filled with default values.  K The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components of the w item header. These fields are:  = Summary:   A one line summary of the contents of the posting.l  K Reply-To:   The (internet) mail address for REPLYing to the item - used if bE replies are to be sent to a mail address OTHER than yourself (as the E originator of the item.s  K Distribution:   A (comma separated) list of keywords designed to limit the oK distribution of a news item to a subset of the network. These keywords are tK site specific, but commonly include the keyword "local" (do not forward to m
 the net!).  H Followup-To:   The list of newsgroups where followup postings are to be = sent. This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.h  J Keywords:   A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate to other # readers if the item is of interest.   K Expires:  A date to indicate the end of the useful life of the information aG in the message. NEWS will reject expirations greater than 12 months as l being too outlandish.t   /NEWSGROUPS=newsgrouplist K This qualifier specifies the list of newsgroups to receive the posting. If  D this qualifier value is not specified, the user is prompted for the B newsgroups. The list is a comma separated list of newsgroup names.   /ROT13F 	Specifies that the body of the posting will be encrypted using ROT13  on posting to NEWS.p   /SELF C 	If specified a copy of your posting is mailed to yourself via VMS   MAIL.k   /SUBJECT="subject string"s> 	Specifies the subject of the message for the heading. If not 7 specified, the user is prompted for the subject string.T   6. Moderated Newsgroupss        C This section describes how moderated newsgroups are configured and I maintained.   I A moderated newsgroup is one where posting to the newsgroup is barred to  J all users other than the nominated moderator. Only the moderator may post J new items into the newsgroup, and only the original sender, the moderator I and the local system manager may post a cancel referring to an item in a r moderated newsgroup.  E Where users attempt to post to a moderated newsgroup, the posting is tE automatically re-directed to the newsgroup moderator address as mail a% addressed to the moderator's address.   " Management of Moderated Newsgroups  I The local news manager is responsible for defining moderated newsgroups,  J and also specifying the address of the moderator. The management commands H are the SET NEWSGROUP and the CREATE commands, specifying the qualifier I /MODERATOR, with the moderator's address as the value of this qualifier.    L Some network-wide newsgroups are also moderated newsgroups. This is managed K by the "checkgroups" control message, which specifies which newsgroups are rL moderated (but note that this message will not specify the actual moderator 
 address).   L The local specification of moderated newsgroups is held in two areas of the L NEWS database: each newsgroup descriptor contains a flag indicating whether J the newsgroup is moderated or not, and a second file (the MAILPATHS file) 4 contains the addresses of all newsgroup moderators.   G The format of the "mailpaths" file, containing the moderated newsgroup  I names, and the internet address of the moderator. However this file does MI not contain a comprehensive list of newsgroup moderators for the network-aI defined newsgroups: when examining the support structures for the USENET rL news network, one of the relevant aspects of the network is the presence on I the net of a number of "backbone" sites. These backbone sites contain an  J up-to-date list of the moderators of all network newsgroups, and are also I configured to forward all moderated newsgroup postings on to the correct bK moderator. The scheme used in addressing the moderator via a backbone site eJ is one where a posting to the moderated newsgroup "comp.animals" (say) is E directed to the address "comp-animals@<backbone_node>". The reserved nF newsgroup name "backbone" matches all newsgroups, and the address may H contain the string "%s", which requires the actual newsgroup name to be J substituted, with '_' replacing all '.' characters in the newsgroup name. + The scan of the file is first match found.    F Once the "mailpaths" file is initialized with the backbone entry, all J further modifications to the file can be performed within NEWS, using the  SET NEWSGROUP command. o   POST  E The POST command will normally re-direct all postings to a moderated o% newsgroup to the moderator (as mail).   H However if the user's internet address (built by using the logical name G translation of NEWS_ADDRESS in the format "<username>@<news_address>") hK matches the moderator address, the posting is allowed, and the posted item oG is marked as "Approved" so that the item will be distributed correctly m through the network. l   ADD FILE/MODERATOR  G This is a variant of the ADD FILE command, and is the method whereby a eL newsgroup moderator may add new items into the newsgroup. This differs from F the POST command in so far as the "From:" address is preserved as the H original submitter when using the ADD command, whereas POST assumes the ( posting was originated by the moderator.  K If the original submitter posted to a number of moderated newsgroups, then  H the procedure will request confirmation to forward the item to the next C moderator in turn, or if the item is already approved by all other  K moderators the posting will then be placed in all the moderated newsgroups  $ specified by the original submitter.  K Other optional qualifiers to the ADD command are documented in the command sH reference section of this manual, and are available with the /MODERATOR  qualifier. d   CANCEL  J The CANCEL command is also altered by a moderated newsgroup, in so far as L the moderator of the newsgroup may issue the CANCEL command (as well as the  original submitter).   7. Utilities:   NNTP_XMITs      J NNTP_XMIT is a utility used to send news items from the local system to a J remote system using the NNTP transfer protocols. The actual protocol used L is the local system sending "ihave" messages to the remote system notifying L that system of locally held message identifier strings, to which the remote I system will either respond with a "please send me" string to receive the iL actual text of the relevant item, or a rejection indicating that it already L has the item. This utility essentially makes the local system is the active  partner in the transfer.  E The list of message identifier strings is set up by NEWS itself when oK performing both ADDing of NEWS batch files or local POSTing of news items. rI In either case the NEWS.SYS file is consulted, and if the system flag is  E 'n' or 'nx', then the message identifier string is appended into the n- message file for each relevant remote system.h  K The message identifier files are, by default, organised as sequential text aH files with one identifier string per line. In most cases this should be L adequate, but where the NEWS traffic level is high, or the remote system is J connected with a low bandwidth line, there may be contention on this file I between the NEWS writer and the NNTP_XMIT reader. In such cases the 'nx' uL flag should used in the NEWS.SYS file, and a shared access RMS indexed file 0 is used to store the message identifier strings.   Installation  K NEWS_FILES:[NEWS_DIST]NNTP_XMIT.EXE is created by the NEWSBUILD procedure. eJ The installation procedure is to copy this file to the news_manager area, H and ensure that the protection (or ACLs) on the .EXE file are such that G only the NEWS_MANAGER account may execute the program. The NEW_MANAGER i0 account login.com should also contain the entry:) 	$ NNTP_XMIT :== $ NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_XMIT     	 Executiont  ? The execution of NNTP_XMIT should be using a procedure such as:u: 	$ ! Obtain SYSPRV to allow reading of all NEWS item files 	$ SET PROC/PRIV=SYSPRVC 	$ NNTP_XMIT command parameters    Command Parameters  H $ NNTP_XMIT [-s] [-x] [-t decnet-task] node protocol id-file [log-file]  [debug-file]   -s		optional parameterD 	-s is used in conjunction with the DECnet protocol to specify that J stream input routines should be used instead of record-based input calls. L This is only relevant when connecting to a remote NNTP server running on an H Ultrix platform over DECnet. For remote VMS systems, this option is not 	 required.o   -x		optional parameter? 	-x is used to specify that the id-file is an RMS indexed file  D (corresponding to the 'nx' flag in the NEWS.SYS file entry.. If not G specified sequential text read functions will be used to read the file.t  ! -t decnet-task	optional parameteriC 	-t is used to specify the remote DECnet object string. By default hK NNTP_XMIT will attempt to connect to the defined task for the remote node.  I For remote Ultrix DECnet NNTP servers the parameter  -t NNTP=  should be hE used. The parameter is not consulted if the TCP protocol is selected.s   node			required parameter G 	node is used to specify the name of the remote system. In the case of iI DECnet this is normally the DECnet nodename, and in the case of TCP, the  @ TCP node name. An IP address may be used instead of a node name.   protocol	required parameteraA 	protocol is used to specify the transport protocol to use. This  L keyword may be either DECNET or TCP. In the case of TCP, normally NEWSBUILD L will determine which of the supported TCP implementations (Multinet, WIN or E CMU) has been loaded into the local system, and will use this as the eK default TCP protocol automatically. The keywords MULTINET, WIN and CMU may  F be used instead of TCP. In the case of TCP the NNTP_XMIT process will H attempt to connect to remote TCP port 119 (the remote NNTP_server port).   id-file		required parameterfG 	id-file is the full filename of the message-identifier file to use as h input to the NNTP_XMIT process.R   log-file		optional parameterE 	log-file is the name of a file to which will be appended a one line 1E summary of the activity of the NNTP_XMIT process on completion. This FJ summary will list the number of identifiers offered to the remote system, G the number accepted, rejected, and the number of local lookup failures.    debug-file	optional parameter-H 	debug file is the name of a file which will receive a full traffic log J of NNTP_XMIT. This file will expand quite rapidly when processing a large K batch of identifiers, so the parameter should be used only in a controlled y testing environment.  K Alternatively the command parameters may be specified using a conventional e VMS qualifier syntax:h  @ $ NNTP_XMIT/NODE=node/PROTOCOL=proto/IDFILE=idfile[/LOGFILE=log]:        [/TASK=task][/DEBUGFILE=dbgfile][/INDEXID][/STREAM]     Logical Name Environment  = There are two logical names which are consulted by NNTP_XMIT:i   NEWS_node_TASK  E 	This logical name is translated if the DECnet protocol is selected,  K and no -t command parameter is used. If this logical name is defined, then fL the translation is used as the task string. If no such logical name exists, 4 then the default string of "TASK=NNTP" is used. e.g.  % 	  	$ DEFINE NEWS_EMU_TASK    "NNTP="n  E 	will cause NNTP to use the object string "NNTP=" when connecting to f	 node EMU.e  	 NEWS_STOPa  H 	If defined as a /SYSTEM/EXEC logical name, NNTP_XMIT will not run, and L the process will stop as soon as this name is defined during execution (see  the next section).   Actions   J NNTP_XMIT will establish a NNTP connection to the remote system, and then I commence a sequence of "ihave" messages to the remote server. The remote iA server will respond with either a send text or a reject response.d  ! This process will continue until:t  / a) 	the input identifier file is fully read, or   L b)  5,000 message identifiers are offered to the remote system (this number > is a compile time constant, NNTP_MAX_OFFER in NNTP_XMIT.C), or  E c) 	the logical name 'NEWS_STOP" is defined on the local system as a t /STSTEM/EXEC logical name, ors  < d)	the remote or local system terminates the transport link.  B There are two ways in which NNTP_XMIT manages the identifier file:  L Sequential files (the default reader) are opened in read mode, and a second L work file NNTP_pid.tmp is opened in the same directory in write mode. If an H item cannot be locally read, then the text will be written to this temp K file for a subsequent retry. If the transfer is terminated before complete  H reading of the input file, all unoffered message identifier strings are E then written into this work file. On exit the original input file is iF deleted, and the work file is renamed to the original input file name.  I With indexed files, NNTP_XMIT makes a sequential pass thorough the file.  H All offers (i.e. remote acceptance or remote rejection) are followed by ? deletion of the corresponding record from the identifier file. n   Compilation constantss   NNTP_MAX_OFFERB 	The maximum number of items to offer to the remote system in any 4 single execution pass. Distribution setting is 5000.   CLIENT_TIMERC 	The maximum time which the local system will wait for remote data  H before terminating the link on a timeout. The distribution value is 250 
 (seconds).  
 RESP_TIMERD 	The maximum time to wait when "pinging" the remote system to check ? that it is still alive. The distribution value is 30 (seconds).i   Examples    	$ nntp_xmit wombat.bush.au tcp C news_manager_dev:[ihave_wombat]wombat.idx news_manager:nntpxmit.log   F 	This command will contact the remote system wombat.bush.au using tcp.  I $ nntp_xmit emu decnet -s -t "NNTP=" news_manager_dev:[ihave_emu]emu.ids   news_manager:nntpxmit.logS  G 	This command will use DECnet to contact the remote Ultrix NNTP server . over DECnet   A $ nntp_xmit koala decnet news_manager_dev:[ihave_koala]koala.ids a news_manager:nntpxmit.log   B 	This command will use DECNET to contact a remote VMS NNTP server.   8. Utilities:   NNTP_XFERs      K NNTP_XFER is a utility used to retrieve news items from a remote system to -H the local system using the NNTP transfer protocols. The actual protocol I used is the local system sending "newnews" messages to the remote system tL requesting that system to transmit the message identifier strings of remote D held items, to which the local system may respond with a subsequent I sequence of "article" requests to retrieve those items not held locally.  I This utility essentially makes the local system is the active partner in o
 the transfer.i  E The list of message identifier strings returned is not filtered: all oK message identifiers of both remote local and remote network news items are  I returned. It is left to the local NEWS system to apply a local filter to  K all articles returned by NNTP_XFER while adding these items into the local E NEWS database.   Installation  K NEWS_FILES:[NEWS_DIST]NNTP_XFER.EXE is created by the NEWSBUILD procedure. dJ The installation procedure is to copy this file to the news_manager area, H and ensure that the protection (or ACLs) on the .EXE file are such that H only the NEWS_MANAGER account may execute the program. The NEWS_MANAGER 0 account login.com should also contain the entry:) 	$ NNTP_XFER :== $ NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_XFERE    	 ExecutionD  ? The execution of NNTP_XFER should be using a procedure such as:c: 	$ ! Obtain SYSPRV to allow reading of all NEWS item files 	$ SET PROC/PRIV=SYSPRVr 	$ NNTP_XFER command parameterss   Command Parameters  D $ NNTP_XFER -n node -p proto [-l log] [-d days] [-h hours] [-t task]              [-g group] [-s] [-o]   -n node		required parametereG 	node is used to specify the name of the remote system. In the case of SI DECnet this is normally the DECnet nodename, and in the case of TCP, the  @ TCP node name. An IP address may be used instead of a node name.   -p protocol	required parameterA 	protocol is used to specify the transport protocol to use. This tL keyword may be either DECNET or TCP. In the case of TCP, normally NEWSBUILD L will determine which of the supported TCP implementations (Multinet, WIN or E CMU) has been loaded into the local system, and will use this as the oK default TCP protocol automatically. The keywords MULTINET, WIN and CMU may EF be used instead of TCP. In the case of TCP the NNTP_XMIT process will H attempt to connect to remote TCP port 119 (the remote NNTP_server port).   -l log		optional parameterH 	log is the name of a file to which will be appended a one line summary J of the activity of the NNTP_XFER process on completion. This summary will H list the number of identifiers offered to the remote system, the number < accepted, rejected, and the number of local lookup failures.   -d days		optional parameter D 	days  is used to specify that NNTP_XFER should request all message I identifiers that were added to the remote system in the period days days lL before the most recent NNTP_XFER call to this remote system and the current L time. If the parameter is set to 0, then only those identifiers added since L the last call (plus 1 hour) will be returned. i.e. if the last call to node I was at 10:00 am Wednesday, a parameter of -d 0 will request all messages mI added since 10:00 am Wednesday, and a parameter of -d 1 will request all c% messages added since 10:00am Tuesday.,  G 	This is not as straightforward as it sounds, as VMS always uses local eJ time, whereas some Unix systems assume all NNTP dates are GMT dates. Also E when working across timezones some fine adjustment is also needed to o# compensate for the time difference.L   -h hours	optional parameter F 	hours  specifies the additional hours to add onto the time search in  the same fashion as days.T   -t task		optional parameterlF 	task  is used to specify the remote DECnet object string. By default K NNTP_XMIT will attempt to connect to the defined task for the remote node. tI For remote Ultrix DECnet NNTP servers the parameter  -t NNTP=  should be  J used. The parameter is not consulted if the TCP protocol is selected. The  default value is "TASK=NNTP"   -g group		optional parameterF 	group  is used to specify the newsgroup to be searched on the remote F system. If the parameter is omitted then all newsgroups on the remote J system are searched. The group parameter may either contain the name of a D single group, or a list of newsgroups delimited by a comma. The "8" H wildcard character may be used, as well as the '!' character to exclude L spcific newsgroups from the resultant wildcard expansion. The default value  used is "*".   -s			optional parameter D 	-s is used in conjunction with the DECnet protocol to specify that J stream input routines should be used instead of record-based input calls. L This is only relevant when connecting to a remote NNTP server running on an H Ultrix platform over DECnet. For remote VMS systems, this option is not 	 required.w   -o		optional parameterH 	-o is used to echo all NNTP traffic to the screen. This option is only  used for debugging purposes.    K Alternatively the command parameters may be specified using a conventional s VMS qualifier syntax:t  C $ NNTP_XFER/NODE=node/PROTOCOL=proto[/LOGFILE=log][/DAYOFFSET=days]rF        [/HOUROFFSET=hours][/TASK=task][/GROUPS=group][/STREAM][/DEBUG]     Logical Name Environment  : There is one logical name which is consulted by NNTP_XFER:   NEWS_node_TASK  E 	This logical name is translated if the DECnet protocol is selected, nK and no -t command parameter is used. If this logical name is defined, then cL the translation is used as the task string. If no such logical name exists, 4 then the default string of "TASK=NNTP" is used. e.g.  % 	  	$ DEFINE NEWS_EMU_TASK    "NNTP="s  E 	will cause NNTP to use the object string "NNTP=" when connecting to e	 node EMU.n   Actionso  I NNTP_XFER will first open status files. All file names used by NNTP_XFER uG use the remote node name as a part of the file name. When constructing oJ filenames, all '.' characters in the remote node name are replaced by '-'  characters.cI e.g. connecting to "wombat.bush.au" will result is a set of files of the h% form: news_manager:*wombat-bush-au*.*l   The files used are:   D NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_node.LASTCALL. This file contains the time of the 8 previous successful execution of NNTP_XFER to this node.  A NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_node.IDS. This is a work file used by NNTP_XFERe  C NEWS_MANAGER:NNTP_node_partno.BATCH  are output files generated by t
 NNTP_XFER.  K In the case that the -g parameter is specified the "node" component of the iB abovce filenames is expanded to the string "node_group-parameter".  L NNTP_XFER establishes a connection to the remote system, and then looks for J any existing .IDS files which refer to the remote node. If any are found, @ then NNTP_XFER will read the file (containing a list of message G identifiers, and retrieve the text of the items, placing them into the a
 output files.t  J The second phase is establishing the date and time of the last successful L NNTP_XFER run, and requesting the remote system to transfer the message ids K of all new items which were loaded since the specified time (the "newnews"  L NNTP command). The output of this is placed in a .IDS output file. The NNTP I connection with the remote system is terminated at the end of this phase.r  K The third phase of NNTP_XFER reads the .IDS file created from the previous EH phase, and attempts to locate the message identifiers on the local data I base. All items that are not held locally are placed in a new version of hL the .IDS file. On completion of this phase the previous version of the .IDS  file is deleted.  L In the final phase contact is reestablished with the remote system, and all L identifiers in the .IDS file are passed to the remote system to collect the G corresponding texts. (using the "article" NNTP command). On successful eI completion the .IDS file is deleted, and all collected texts are in NNTP t *.BATCH files in NEWS_MANAGER.  5 The .LASTCALL file is updated, and the program exits.v  I The output BATCH files can then be processed by the NEWS ADD command for C" inclusion into the local database.     Compilation constantst   MAX_BATCH_SIZEH 	NNTP_XFER appends each collected item into a batch file. A new version L of the file is created once the size of the file exceeds the specified size ? (in bytes). The distribution code sets this constant to 250000.l   MAX_RESTART_ATTEMPTsF 	NNTP_XFER will stay connected for considerable periods, particularly F if there are low speed links between two systems, and the link may be K broken by the underlying TCP software. NNTP_XFER will attempt to restart a PD broken connection, which often is sufficient. To stop these restart G attempts continuing indefinitely, NNTP_XFER will only restart a link a pH certain number of times. The distribution code sets this constant to 20.   CLIENT_TIMERC 	The maximum time which the local system will wait for remote data eH before terminating the link on a timeout. The distribution value is 250 
 (seconds).  
 RESP_TIMERD 	The maximum time to wait when "pinging" the remote system to check ? that it is still alive. The distribution value is 30 (seconds).        Examples  B 	$ nntp_xfer -n wombat.bush.au -p tcp -l news_manager:nntpxfer.log  F 	This command will contact the remote system wombat.bush.au using tcp.  K $ nntp_xmit -n emu -p decnet -s -t "NNTP=" -l news_manager:nntpxfer.log -g o	 animals.*   G 	This command will use DECnet to contact the remote Ultrix NNTP server  / over DECnet for newsgroups matching "animals.*"D  ; $ nntp_xmit -n koala -p decnet -l news_manager:nntpxfer.logi  B 	This command will use DECNET to contact a remote VMS NNTP server.   9. Utilities:   NNTP_CLIENT       L NNTP_CLIENT is a utility used to test reachability to a remote NNTP server. I The program attempts to establish an interactive session with the remote SK server, allowing the user to send NNTP commands to the server. In the case  J of a connection made over TCP, this is equivalent to a telnet  session to J the remote NNTP port; telnet/port=119. There is no direct equivalent with  DECnet.)     Installation  B NEWS_FILES:[NEWS_DIST]NNTP_CLIENT.EXE is created by the NEWSBUILD B procedure. The installation procedure is to copy this file to the  news_manager area.    	 Execution-  J The execution of NNTP_CLIENT is by simple invocation with the RUN command: 	$ RUN NNTP_CLIENT   Command Parameters  I There are no command line parameters to NNTP_CLIENT. The program prompts ) for all required settings.   	$ RUN NNTP_CLIENTB 	Node: enter  DECnet nodename,  TCP /IP  node name,  or  TCP/IP    addresse6 	Channel: (DECNET, TCP)? [DECNET]: enter DECNET or TCP  K If a DECNET channel is selected the following additional DECnet parameters   are required by NNTP_CLIENT:  ) 	Decnet objects are commonly of the form:o8 		TASK=NNTP	used by most VMS NNTP server implementations$ 		NNTP=		used by Ultrix NNTP servers5 		NEWS=		used by some VMS NNTP server implementationsmH 	Decnet Object string? [TASK=NNTP] : enter task string,  or use default  valuePH 	Use DECnet stream input calls (normally only with Ultrix NNTP server)?  [N]: Y or Nm   Actions   E Following the prompts, NNTP_CLIENT attempts to connect to the remote sJ server, and if successful this should result in a "200" response from the $ server. This is of the general form:   	200 NNTP server ready  C At this stage valid NNTP commands may be entered (see RFC977 for a  L description of NNTP commands). The program will exit when the remote system C drops the connection (after an entered quit command, or a ^Y input.n  E The program is a constructed from two simple reader / writers, using lK asynchronous signals. One process accepts user input records and sends the nH complete record to the NNTP server , while the second process assembles E complete server output records and displays them on the local screen.      10. NEWS MANAGEMENT TASKSi      C NEWS management is a two level hierarchy: management of individual AG newsgroups can be set as the responsibility of various local newsgroup fH managers (or local supervisor), while overall management of NEWS is the " responsibility of a news manager.    NEWSGROUP MANAGEMENT  F A user is nominated as a local newsgroup manager using the ADD MEMBER H command, granting the specified user "MODERATE" privilege. The user can J then access newsgroup management commands by first enabling the privilege ! using the SET MODERATOR command. i  E A newsgroup moderator can modify the access list of a newsgroup (ADD  D MEMBER, DELETE MEMBER, MODIFY MEMBER) and can also cancel any local L postings made into the managed newsgroup (CANCEL). The management domain of L a local newsgroup manager does not extend outside the local system, and all K operations accessible to the local newsgroup manager only affect the local t node.    NEWS MANAGEMENT   L NEWS managers are identified to NEWS by holding a site-specific identifier. K A user with this identifier can access all newsgroups regardless of access gE restrictions, and can issue all management commands, including local wJ newsgroup management commands. All management commands check to determine A whether the user is a NEWS manager before executing the command.    I The news manager normally controls the execution of the batch jobs which sI update and skim off the local NEWS database (ADD and SKIM commands), and oK manage attributes of the local database (SET commands). All these commands eI are documented in the command reference section of this document, with a  B note to the effect that the command is a NEWS MANAGEMENT command.   G The responsibility of the local NEWS manager also includes that of the mL maintenance of the various site-specific control files. The files and their I function are documented in the sections describing the NEWS distribution r set and NEWS installation.   11. NEWS Distributionb      B The software is distributed in source and executable formats. The L executables for V6.0 were compiled and linked using VAX/VMS V5.3 and VAX 11  C V3.1.n  < There are four savesets which make up the full distribution: 	NEWS_V60_SRC.BCKa 	NEWS_V60_OBJ.BCKp 	NEWS_V60_DIST.BCK 	NEWS_V60_DOC.BCKl  A The following is an annotated directory listing of the NEWS V6.0 r distribution file sets:h   11.1  SRC Distribution  L The SRC kit contains the sources to the NEWS package. The files in that kit  are as follows.i     VMS system definition files:  F UAF.H	Definition of the SYSUAF record contents (from UAFDEF). Used by  ARBITRON.C.m  J Other system definition files are used from sys$library - these files are J part of the VAX 11 C package (Release 3.0 or later), and are also part of  the GNU C package.    K NEWS utility definition files. These are the common include files added to  E the start of all NEWS source code modules. Together they implement a iK consistent compile-time environment for all modules that are used to build e NEWS:g  , NEWSDEFINE.H	Constant and macro definitions.  K NEWSEXTERN.H	External variable definition for source modules, and function u profile definitions.  6 NEWSINCLUDE.H	Include file set for all source modules.  F NEWSSITE.H	NEWS compile-time constants - may be altered to suit local 
 requirements.e  8 NEWSVARIABLES.H	NEWS global variables definition module.    J The following set are the C sources to the main NEWS program. The modules C are split on the basis of the commands that each module implements:d  0 NEWS.C		NEWS entry point and outer control loop.    NEWSADD.C		Add command routines.  : NEWSCALLEDIT.C	Interface to a customizable callable editor  = NEWSCONTROL.C	Routines to interpret network Control: messagesr  % NEWSDELETE.C	Delete command routines.d  & NEWSDIR.C		Directory command routines.  * NEWSDISPLAY.C	Display item text on screen.  D NEWSDIST.C		Routines to manage the news network configuration files.  - NEWSEXTRACT.C	Extract/Print command routines.c  & NEWSFILES.C	File manipulation routines  2 NEWSFORWARD.C	Forward/Reply/Mail command routines.  ! NEWSHELP.C	Help command routines.s  / NEWSMOD.C		Moderated newsgroup support routines   & NEWSMODE.C	Set terminal mode routines.  * NEWSPOST.C	Post/Followup command routines.  : NEWSRC.C		Routines to read and write the NEWS profile file  ! NEWSREAD.C	Read command routines.   4 NEWSREGISTER.C	Register/Deregister command routines.  > NEWSREMCLIENT.C	Utility routines to access remote NNTP Server.  > NEWSRTL.C		Common utility routines used by both NEWS and NNTP.  % NEWSSEARCH.C	Search command routines.i  % NEWSSELECT.C	Select command routines.s  K NEWSSETSHOW.C	Set and Show command routines, plus create newsgroup support.f  6 NEWSSITE.C		Loading site specific logical name values.  ! NEWSSKIM.C	Skim command routines.   " NEWSSKIP.C		SKIP command routines.  0 NEWSUTILITY.C	Various utility routines for NEWS.  G NEWSV58_UPGRADE.C	Conversion routines to build NEWS V6.0 from pre V5.8   NEWS versions. t  ?  NEWSVMSMAIL.C	Routines to open a mail file for reading by NEWSr  @ ADD_TRANSFORM.C	Translation from internet address format to one  acceptable to VMS MAIL.i    * The NEWS command language definition file:  E NEWSCMD.CLD	NEWS command language definition file (NEWS uses the CLI   parser command parsing).    / The source modules for the NNTP implementation:B  7 NNTP_CLIENT.C	Interactive access to remote NNTP server.c  ) NNTP_DEC.C	DECNET driver for NNTP server.M  J NNTP_DECM.C	DECNET driver for NNTP server, supporting multiple clients on  a single server process.  1 NNTP_SERVER.C	Source for NNTP NEWS Server object.r  L NNTP_TCPCMU.C	TCP driver for NNTP server, for the CMU/Tek implementation of  TCP/IP for VMS.i  F NNTP_TCPWINMULTINET.C	TCP driver for NNTP server for Multinet and WIN  TCP/IP implementations.i  ; NNTP_TTY.C	TTY (interactive access) driver for NNTP server.f  I NNTP_XFER.C	NNTP client to transfer NEWS items from a remote node to the O local node.Y  I NNTP_XMIT.C	NNTP client to transfer NEWS items to a remote node from the o local node.     ! NEWS On-line help library source:h   NEWS.HLP	Help library source.t     Compilation and link files:t  I NEWSBUILD.COM	DCL command procedure to perform a make of NEWS executablese  ( OPTIONS_C_LINK.OPT	Link options commands  C OPTIONS_C_MULTINETLINK.OPT	Link options command file with Multinet   support.  G OPTIONS_C_UCXIPCLINK.OPT	Link options command file with UCX IPC socket I support.    K Additional utilities (Included within the NEWS distribution - the VMS port dK of these utilities were performed by Lenny Glassman (Arbitron), and  Earle t Ake (INPATHS).  + ARBITRON.C	NEWS usage information gatherer.e  * INPATHS.C		NEWS flow information gatherer.       11.2  OBJ Distribution  I The OBJ distribution contains the object library modules and the "dummy" ML object files used in the BUILDNEWS command procedure. Note that many of the K OBJ files are actually text files - these files are used only to determine  L the date and time of the last change to the corresponding module within the K object library files, and hence do not need to contain the actual compiled lK object code. To save space the BUILDNEWS.COM procedure replaces the object eK file with an object marker file following the change to the object library a file.l  L The individual .OBJ files are not listed here. The two object library files  are:  = NEWS_LIBRARY.OLB	Object modules compiled with OPT and NODEBUG   > NEWS_LIBRARYD.OLB	Object modules compiled with NOOPT and DEBUG       11.3   DIST Distribution  J This distribution contains the executables and the associated DCL command A procedures, control template files, and with release information..   Release information:  0 000README.TXT	V6.0 Beta test comments (pre V6.0)  J \item{000_NEWSV58.NOTES} -- Upgrade notes for NEWS V5.8. Please read this  file o first.  3 \item{AAAREADME.TXT} -- distribution documentation.   F \item{RELEASE_NOTES.TXT} -- brief description of changes to NEWS from  previous' versions, and a listing of known bugs. d   \item{NEWS.DOC} -- This file.r \end{description}   I Executable files. All executables in this release have been compiled and   linkedJ under VMS V5.0-2. Users of VMS V4.x will need to re-link the object files. \begin{description}i  \item{NEWS.EXE} -- NEWS utility.  5 \item{NNTP_DEC.EXE} -- NNTP server, DECnet transport.   E \item{NNTP_DECM.EXE} -- NNTP server, DECnet transport, multithreaded   server.e  @ \item{NNTP_TCPCMU.EXE} -- NNTP server, CMU/Tek TCP/IP transport.  : \item{NNTP_TTY.EXE} -- NNTP server, interactive interface.  A \item{NNTP_CLIENT.EXE} -- NNTP interactive client (test utility).   G \item{NNTP_FEED.EXE} -- NEWS network transport utility, NNTP protocols.t \end{description}    On-line HELP file  \begin{description} 1 \item{NEWS.HLB} -- On-line help library for NEWS.  \end{description}n  L All the files in the next list are site-specific template files, which MUST  beJ edited before installing on the local system. Each of these files containsK detailed descriptions of how the file is to be edited, and what aspects of d NEWS, are controlled by the contents of the files. \begin{description}eF \item{MAILPATHS} -- Template of the control file used to generate the  internet& addresses of moderators of newsgroups.  J \item{NEWS.DISTRIBUTION} -- Template of news distribution control file --  used b toH determine the network routing of newsitems between adjacent news network neighbours.   H \item{NEWS.SYS} -- Template of the control file used to determine which  newsgroups andE distribution keywords are accepted by the local NEWS site, and which e
 newsgroupsH and distribution keywords are accepted by the local node's adjacent NEWS network neighbours.h  D \item{SETUP_LOG_EXAMPLE.COM} -- Template file for NEWS logical name  definitions.  L \item{NEWSSKIM.COM} -- Template automatic news management routine (designed  for & periodic execution in a batch stream).  F \item{NEWSADD.COM} -- Component of NEWSSKIM which handles addition of  network  batcheso% and distribution to downstream sites.i  K \item{NEWSDAILY.COM} -- Component of NEWSSKIM which performs expiration of l itemss5 and internal consistency checks on the news database.s  D \item{NEWSPACK.COM} -- Component of NEWSSKIM which calls CONVERT to  compress the RMS indexed files.  F \item{NEWS_ADDRESS.CNF} -- Template file for translation rules to map  internet-style< addresses to a form acceptable to the local VMS MAIL system.  L \item{NEWS_POST.CC} -- Template file for the automatic generation of carbon  copies of all local postings.  F \item{NEWS_POST.DEFAULTS} -- Default header definition file for local 	 postings.n  K \item{NNTP_FEED.COM} -- Template for passing NEWS distributions to adjacent  nodes using the NNTP protocols.c  I \item{NNTP_ACCESS.NEWS} -- Template for NNTP permissions file to control   NNTP n access to the local node.  K \item{NEWS.ALIASES} -- Template of local news newsgroup alias definitions -h -  used7 to create a local aliases for a network newsgroup name.i  I \item{NEWSEDIT_EXAMPLE.COM} -- Template file for invoking an editor from ' NEWS r (other# than callable TPU or callable EDT).a \end{description}I  H The following are user-contributed files which have been added into this
 distribution:e \begin{description}(G \item{NEWSSKIM_ALT.COM} -- Alternate template file for NEWS management n operations.e  3 \item{DCLNEWS.HLP} -- DCL-level help file for NEWS.o \end{description}i   4. DOC Distributione   \begin{description}i3 \item{NEWS.LATEX} -- LaTeX source of this document.a  2 \item{NEWS.MSS} -- Scribe source of this document.  H \item{FILES.MSS} -- Component of NEWS.MSS - description of distribution  files  andr installation procedures.  J \item{FILES.TEX} -- Component of NEWS.LATEX - description of distribution 	 files ando installation proceduresn  D \item{MGR.MSS} -- Component of NEWS.MSS - description of management 	 commands.   F \item{MGR.TEX} -- Component of NEWS.LATEX - description of management 	 commands./  H \item{USER.MSS} -- Component of NEWS.MSS - description of user commands.  J \item{USER.TEX} -- Component of NEWS.LATEX - description of user commands.  = \item{RFC977.DOC} -- News Network Transfer Protocol standard.   ? \item{NEWS-STANDARD.DOC} -- Usenet news standard (pre-RFC1036).   L \item{NEWS-STANDARD.ANNOTATED} -- Standard, annotated with capabilities and 
 exceptions$ related to this version of VMS NEWS.  + \item{RFC1036.DOC} -- USENET News standard.y \end{description}N   \chapter{Installing NEWS}   H The following section describe the necessary steps to install NEWS on a  system.oI Note that where possible these steps should be performed in the order as p givens
 in this text.p  J NOTE: NEWS is shipped with object and executable files included, but theseJ files were built using VMS V5.0-2. If you are running a different version  ofB VMS then minimally you will need to re-link the NEWS object files    \section{Installing NEWS files}x   \begin{enumerate}n  J \item Load *.C, *.H, *.HLP, *.CLD, *.OPT and NEWSBUILD.COM files into the 	 directoryyL {\it device}:[{\it dir}.{\bf news.news_src}]. This set of files corresponds  to s the H SRC backup saveset of the distribution. The latter two directory names,  NEWSF and NEWS_SRC are critical when using the supplied DCL {\bf newsbuild}  routine.  K \item Create the directory {\it device}:[{\it dir}.{\bf news.news_build}]. s Load the7 contents of the OBJ backup saveset into this directory.o  J \item Create the directory {\it device}:[{\it dir}.{\bf news.news_dist}].  Load n the1' EXE backup saveset into this directory.t  K \item Create the directory {\it device}:[{\it dir}.{\bf news.news_build}]. s Load the' DOC backup saveset into this directory.s \end{enumerate}A  $ \section{Compiling and Linking NEWS}  I One command procedure performs both the compile and link phases of NEWS. y ThesK procedure works on the revision date-time of the file to determine whether   anyI, files require re-compilation before linking.  E The procedure will also automatically include support for WIN TCP if m certaineB WIN definition files are located on the system. Check the code in ) {\bf newsbuild.com} for details of this. h  . Execute the {\bf newsbuild} command procedure: \begin{verbatim}'     $ SET def dev:[dir.NEWS.NEWS_BUILD]      $ @[-.NEWS_SRC]NEWSBUILD \end{verbatim}H (The SET DEFAULT command to the news_build directory is critical to the  buildn
 procedure)  J This procedure creates a new set of .EXE files in the NEWS_DIST directory.3 which are used in the following installation steps.    \section{NEWS Accounts}s  I Add an account for a NEWS manager ({\bf NEWSMGR} if you'd like a username I suggestion). This account is used to execute the housekeeping batch jobs e (such K as {\bf newsskim} if you are using it). It is also used as the account for s the F network feeds to adjacent NEWS sites, and therefore should have proxy  entrieseK to adjacent DECnet nodes' NEWS manager accounts if more than one node will c be running NEWS on the DECnet.   E The account normally requires SYSPRV to execute some of the functionsrJ associated with the 'housekeeping' batch jobs. The account may also need aH reasonable disk quota if you are anticipating a large amount of network  newsK flowing through your system, and you make this account own the news postingu directories.   \section{Logical Names}o  H It is intended that much of the local tailoring of NEWS is performed by I logical name translations. For this reason the logical name structure is PD important when installing NEWS - please read this section carefully.  J NOTE: It is important that these names be defined before running NEWS for  the first time.                              7 The distribution set includes the following file: {\bf T setup_log_example.com} \begin{verbatim} $ ! SETUP_LOG_EXAMPLE.COMT $ !eF $ ! Logical name definition template - this will need to be altered to! $ ! match local site requirementse $ !t $ ! Author:u $ !     G Huston" $ !       Computer Services Centre( $ !       Australian National University $ !e $ ! Version: $ !     V1.0    17-Jul-1986l $ !     V2.0    16-Jul-1987d# $ !     V4.3    12-Jan-1987     GIHw# $ !     V5.2    26-Apr-1988     GIHl# $ !     V5.6     3-Nov-1988     GIH # $ !     V5.7     3-Jan-1989     GIH ? $ !      -  Added entries for rnews and newsmail mail addressesa $ !eI $ !**********************************************************************E $! $! root of news tree $!- $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_ROOT ANUDISK:[NEWS] ? $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/TRANS=(conc)/EXEC NEWS_DEVICE CSC3$DUB0:[NEWS.]  $!1 $! News manager accounts must own this identifiern $!, $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_MGR_ID NEWSMANAGER $!7 $! the node address is the internet address of the nodee $!/ $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_ADDRESS "CSC3.ANU.OZ"  $!H $! the node name is either the decnet node name, or cluster decnet alias $!# $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_NODE CSC3u $!< $! The "work directory" for news - normally sys$login of the $! news manager accountg $!4 $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_MANAGER ANUDISK:[NEWS_MGR]H $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/TRANS=(conc)/EXEC NEWS_MANAGER_DEV CSC3$DUB0:[NEWS_MGR.] $!# $! Timezone,Organisation definition  $!( $ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXEC NEWS_TIMEZONE "AET"@ $ DEFINE NEWS_ORGANISATION "CSC, Australian National University" $!I $! Mail addresses; these could also be setup as mail forwarding addressesm $!  $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWSMAIL NEWSMGR $ DEFINE/SYSTEM RNEWS NEWSMGRo $ DEFINE/SYSTEM USENET NEWSMGR \end{verbatim}   Description of names:l \begin{description}           F \item{NEWS_ROOT, NEWS_DEVICE} Both names point to the news files root  directory. BothsH must be defined in {\bf exec} mode. The news data files are placed in a  treeG descending from this root - i.e. newsgroup `aus.wanted' has text files o residingJ in the area {\bf news_device:[aus.wanted]}. The Index files and Help file  are ( placed in the {\bf news_root} directory.  K \item{NEWS_MGR_ID} Translates to the identifier name which must be granted r to   any F users who require the management functions of NEWS (delete newsgroup,  createE newsgroup, etc). The name must be defined in {\bf exec} mode to stop f unauthorized users tinkering with NEWS.  I \item{NEWS_ADDRESS} Translates to the internet address of the host node.   This W isE typically of the form {\it node.site.domain}. The address is used to o generateB the Internet-format "From" address in all postings from this node.  K \item{NEWS_NODE} Translates to the local node name. This is made a logical   name to K allow a cluster to operate as a single logical node, using a cluster alias. K All nodes in a cluster should use the same value of NEWS_NODE. This logicalf? name is also used in the "Path:" header as the local node name.j  J \item{NEWS_ORGANIZATION (or NEWS_ORGANISATION)} Translates to the name of  the  organisation. This is to help I in identifying the person posting the message to other users on the net. R UserseB may use a process level logical name to overide this system value.  K \item{NEWS_TIMEZONE} Translates to the local timezone code. If not defined i thenK NEWS will assume (incorrectly in almost all cases!) that the local timezone 	 is "GMT".s  H \item{NEWS_MANAGER, NEWS_MANAGER_DEV} This is the work directory of the  NEWSMGRhF account. All temporary files used in news maintenance are placed here.G NEWS_MANAGER_DEV is the equivalent area, defined as a concealed device.i  K \item{NEWSMAIL, RNEWS} These are mail address aliases to allow this node torK communicate to adjacent NEWS nodes. They should be defined as the username n ofC the NEWS manager account. An alternative is to use MAIL management  	 utilities D to add add an entry for the addresses "NEWSMAIL" and "RNEWS" with a  forwarding r addressp& to the NEWS manager account (NEWSMGR).  I \item{USENET} This is a mail alias for the local news manager. As above,   this: may either be a logical name or a mail forwarding address. \end{description}p  B There are a number of additional logical names which are optional.   NEWS_HELPLIBH 	NEWS will by default search for the online help file, NEWS.HLB, in the I areas NEWS_ROOT: and SYS$HELP: (in that order). If you wish to place the eL NEWS.HLB file in some other area, then use the logical name NEWS_HELPLIB to & define the full name of the help file.  
 	For example:m5 		$ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_HELPLIB    LOCAL:[HLP]NEWS.HLBe   NEWS_PATHNAME		optional1   This logical name is usedf   User Logical Names NEWSRC     $ DEFINE NEWSRC   default sys$login:newsrcb*                   sys$login:newsrc.localdb.                  sys$login:newsrc.node-doasmin   Global DCL Symbols  9 In the system login command script add a symbol for NEWS:m 	$ NEWS :== $ location:NEWSi     Install NEWS.EXE  K Copy NEWS.EXE to the location as specified by the DCL symbol for NEWS with  4 world RE access. Then install the image with SYSPRV:  , 	$ COPY NEWS.EXE location:NEWS.EXE/PROT=W:RE
 	$ INSTALL; 	INSTALL> ADD location:NEWS.EXE/OPEN/HEAD/SHARE/PRIV=SYSPRVt 	INSTALL> EXIT  G SYSPRV is required to ensure that users who post news items end up NOT EH owning the actual news text files, and also is required to successfully I initialise the indexed files on the first-time execution of the program. r4 For most of the time NEWS runs with SYSPRV disabled.   Initial Environmentu  7 If you are configuring NEWS with a local database then:l  G 1.	Using AUTHORIZE, create the news management dentifier (the value of  K the logical name NEWS_MGR_ID), and grant the identifier to the user(s) who e/ will be responsible for the management of NEWS.d  F 	Note that the NEWSMGR (news management) account must be granted this F identifier ion order to correctly process incoming network news feeds.    F 2.	Create the directories that have been defined by the logical names L NEWS_MANAGER and NEWS_ROOT. Ensure that the directories are group and world  accessible.f  G 	Optionally: Add a propagation ACL to the NEWS_ROOT directory to allow  ? those users whom you wish to use news to access the item files.a    H 3.	Copy NEWS.HLB to NEWS_ROOT: and allow world read access to this file.  F 	Note that for the installation of the NNTP client systems NEWS_ROOT: C may not be defined, or in any case you may wish to place this file  J elesewhere on the system. You may optionally place NEWS.HLB in the system F help area, as SYS$HELP:NEWS.HLB, or use the system level logical name I NEWS_HELPLIB to point to another location where you have placed NEWS.HLB.T    ; If you are configuring NEWS as a diskless NNTP Client then:e  J 1.	Copy NEWS.HLB to SYS$HELP:NEWS.HLB and allow world read access to this  file.o  @ 	Note that for the installation you may wish to place this file L elesewhere on the system. You may optionally use a the system level logical C name NEWS_HELPLIB to point to where you have placed NEWS.HLB. i.e. m- $DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_HELPLIB dev:[dir]NEWS.HLBi     \section{NEWS Control Files}  K There are six control files -- these files should be read, and then edited   toH match the local site requirements. Each file contains comments as to the  function and format of the file.   \begin{description}/  C \item{NEWS.SYS} Read (and then EDIT) file {\bf news.sys}. This filerG determines which newsgroups you will accept, and which newsgroups your f networkpG neighbours will accept. The edited version of {\bf news.sys} should be   copied b toG {\bf news_manager:}. Include the entries "local", "junk", "control" and I "to.<node>" (where <node> is the value of NEWS_NODE) in the local node's e filter set.  < \item{NEWS.DISTRIBUTION} Read (and then EDIT) the file {\bf  news.distribution}. This filetI determines how news is distributed through your node. If you are an 'end-r node'oE for NEWS, then this file should be empty, otherwise the file must be s defined.A The edited version of {\bf news.distribution} should be copied to" {\bf news_manager:}.  K \item{NEWS.ALIASES} Read (and then EDIT) the file {\bf news.aliases}. This   fileK defines local aliases for newsgroups. If you wish to define local aliases, n editE this file and copy the edited version to {\bf news_manager:} as {\bf y news.aliases}.  K \item{MAILPATHS} Read (and then EDIT) the file {\bf mailpaths.}. This file i defines thebI internet addresses of ALL moderators for moderated newsgroups. The editedtD version of {\bf mailpaths.} should be copied to {\bf news_manager:}.  H \item{NEWSSKIM.COM} Read {\bf newsskim.com}, and modify it to suit your  requirements. SeeEI comments in the code. Then copy the edited file to {\bf news_root}. This   file e isH responsible for the collection and distribution of news items to remote  sites.  D \item{NEWS_ADDRESS.CNF} Read this file, and also read the file {\bf  add_transform.c}. IfG you are using a local PMDF mail handler, then the default action may bea@ suitable. Otherwise you will need to edit this file, and copy it1 to {\bf news_manager:} as {\bf news_address.cnf}.a  J \item{NEWS_POST.DEFAULTS} Read this file and decide if it is relevant. If  so V then9 edit the file and place a copy it to {\bf news_manager:}.w  H \item{NEWS_POST.CC} Read this file, and decide if it is relevant. Where  unmoderatedgI newsgroups are fed from a mailing list, then postings into the newsgroup   mayrK not be sent back to the central mailing list address. You can place entriesfE into this file to force cross mailings of local postings back to the l mailingt9 list address. If necessary, edit this file and copy it toyL {\bf news_manager:} as {\bf news_post.cc}. If not required then do not copy  the file to theU {\bf news_manager:} area.h \end{description}    First Time Execution of NEWS  L Once ALL the above steps have been completed, login to an account which has < SYSPRV and has the NEWS_MGR_ID identifier, and run NEWS.EXE.  J The first time execution will create the files: news_root:news.groups and : news_root:news.items, and also create the authority file,  news_manager:news.license.  K Please read the news_manager:news.license file, edit it as instructed, and  + return it to the address shown in the file.n  K This almost completes the installation of NEWS - the remaining task is the  G creation of the necessary newsgroups. Use the CREATE/LOCAL command and eJ create the newsgroups "control" and "junk". If you are on the USENET news L network, obtain a copy of the most recent "checkgroups" posting relevant to I your area of the USENET. Examine the newsgroup names in this posting and wC add the root names (e.g. "net" from "net.wombats") of the relevant HJ newsgroups to your local acceptance filter in news_manager:news.sys. Once J news.sys has been edited, pass this  checkgroups posting to NEWS by using I the ADD command with the /EXECUTE qualifier. This wil automatically load o< the local NEWS files with the applicable network newsgroups.) 12. Upgrading from Previous NEWS Versionss     V5.9 - V6.0 Upgradel  K The only change in V6.0 over V5.9 is a change in a previously unused field oK within the news.groups indexed file as the first used news item number (to nK speed up the NNTP Server code). When installing NEWS V6.0 install the NEWS  J program first, and perform a SKIM pass. Then install the NNTP server code H following the completion of the SKIM pass. This is optional, and if not K done in this order then the NNTP server will lie about the first used news EJ item number in each newsgroup (which is exactly what Unix versions of the  NNTP server currently do!).      V5.8 - V5.9 Upgrade	  C There were no changes to the NEWS file in this version, so that no e) particular upgrade actions were required.f     V5.7 - V5.8 Upgradee  H The first time NEWS V5.8 is executed on a system which has been running I NEWS V5.2 through V5.7, then NEWS will attempt to perform the upgrade to fI V5.8 automatically. Note that this upgrade phase requires that the local  I NEWS manager account execute the upgrade, so ensure that this account is e the first account to use V5.8.  I The automatic upgrade coverts the file news_root:newsgroups.v50 to a new uK internal record format, and saves the new format as news_root:news.groups. a; Similarly the file news_root:newsitems.v50 is converted to sI news_root:news.items. While this conversion is being performed NEWS will  I display it's progress on the screen. The conversion phase completes with  G the display of the advice to delete the .v50 files. Following this the r upgrade is complete.  @ If you were running NEWS V5.4 or NEWS V5.6 then delete the file  news_root:history.dat.   13. Installing NNTP Servers     J There are three node types with respect to NEWS NNTP: Server nodes, where G the node acts as a server for remote clients, Client-only nodes, which iJ access one or more server nodes over NNTP, and Server/Client nodes, where H some newsgroups are served from remote NNTP servers, and this node also 0 acts as an NNTP server for remote client nodes.    13.1   NNTP Access Filec  F For NNTP servers you may wish to set up an access permission file. By L default any remote system is allowed to connect to the NNTP service. Access 2 can be restricted using an access permission file.  H The access file is news_root:nntp_access.news. If this file exists, the D NNTP server will consult this file before accepting a remote client  connection request.e  G The format of this access file is one entry per line (with the comment eC delimiter character as '#'). Each line contains up to four fields, i delimited by blanks:  / 	a - 	remote host name (or "default")		REQUIREDn  0 	b - 	read / transfer permission field		REQUIRED. 		      read	   # read and transfer permission4 		      xfr	   #  no read - transfer only permission5  		      noread	   #  no read, no transfer permissionn+ 		(the minimum abbreviation is 1 character)e  ' 	c - 	post permission field				OPTIONALh 		    post	   #  post access/ 		    nopost 	   #  no post access    [default] + 		(the minimum abbreviation is 1 character)a  ' 	d - 	newsgroup access list				OPTIONALeK This is a comma separated list. Access is granted only to those newsgroups iK listed in the entry. Wildcard characters '*' and '%' and '?' are supported  L in the list, and specific negation, using the '!' character prefix, is also H supported. There is an implicit inclusion of sub-newsgroups within each K entry. For example the entry "wombat" will match against "wombat" and also n2 "wombat.singles", "wombat.hairy.wild", and so on.    For example:      ?   alpha   read    nopost              # read access, all groupsnG   beta    read    post    *,!alpha    # read and post to all but alpha f groupsJ   gamma   xfr     post                # read, transfer, post to all groups   default read    nopost  *.  L The relevant line in the permissions file is selected using the remote host H name. The NNTP driver code has support for identification of the remote  host name and remote user;  E 	For the DECNET single channel driver, the remote user is retrieved oC using the logical name translations of SYS$REM_NODE and SYS$REM_ID.]  I 	For the DECNET multi channel driver the remote host name is set to the  L value "DECNET", and the remote user to "NNTP". I have yet to check that the B NCP connection block holds the correct remote task identification.  D 	For the CMU-TEK , Multinet and WIN TCP drivers the remote host is E correctly passed to the server, but the remote user is passed as the O constant value "NNTP"V  H As well as the permissions, the NEWS  access.news  individual newsgroup K access lists are now supported by the NNTP server process. The remote user  L and host names are used to look up the access.news file before allowing the K NNTP server access to a restricted newsgroup. This behaviour is consistent R3 with the NEWS definition of a restricted newsgroup.    13.2  NNTP  Installation  I To install the NNTP NEWS servers, then follow the steps as shown for the e network types below.  J You can check the operation of the NNTP server by running the NNTP_CLIENT K program (this program implements an interactive interface to a remote NNTP  E server). Running NNTP_CLIENT and specifying the remote node name and  J transport protocol should initiate an interactive session with the remote K NNTP server. The welcome message should appear, and you should then obtain eJ a reasonable response to the "HELP" command. The "QUIT" command will exit  from the remote server.   K Once NNTP is installed on the server and client newsgroups can then be set GH as NNTP-served newsgroups (see the documentation on the SET command for 	 details).     & 13.2.1 Common Logical Name Environment   NEWS_GMT_OFFSETt  K NNTP uses the value of this logical name to convert from local time to the rL equivalent GMT time. The format of the number is a signed timestring in VMS  delta time format.  J For example, Canberra, Australia, is 10 hours ahead of GMT. The following ( logical name definitions are equivalent:-   $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_GMT_OFFSET "+10:00:00"e,   $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_GMT_OFFSET "10:00:00")   $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_GMT_OFFSET "10:00",&   $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWS_GMT_OFFSET "10"  L [Note that you'll need to change the value of the logical name for daylight  saving.]  & 13.2.3  DECNET Server and Client Nodes  H 1.	Copy NNTP_DEC.EXE to a location accessible to the DECNET account (or I define a new account used for runnning NNTP in a mannar analagous to the o& VMS V5 network applications accounts).  ? 2.	Use the INSTALL utility to install NNTP_DEC.EXE with SYSPRV.t  I 3.	In the DECNET (or special purpose) account, create the file NNTP.COM  u with the following contents:  <   $ ! NNTP.COM - executed in response to an incoming connect   $ ! to "TASK=NNTP""   $ RUN device:[directory]NNTP_DEC    B There is a variant of NNTP_DEC, called NNTP_DECM. This program is F configured to accept multiple incoming DECNet connections to the NNTP I object, and service all such connections from a single NNTP process. The SL installation instructions are the same as the NNTP_DEC instructions, except B that the executable referred to in the INSTALL  and  NNTP.COM  is L NNTP_DECM.EXE. Also to create a permanent DECnet object, NNTP_DECM.EXE must $ be installed with SYSPRV and SYSNAM.  J Note that these installation instructions allow remote systems to connect J to the NNTP using the task specification: "TASK=NNTP". This is compatible G with the task specification of the NNTP process supported under Ultrix.i   I You can connect the NNTP executable to a known object number and name if  J desired using object definition within DECnet's NCP utility (this process I is not documented here), to allow incoming connection task specification lK strings of the form "NNTP=" and so on. If the remote system is an ANU NEWS rK VMS system, then the logical name NEWS_decnet-server-name_TASK can be used oD to specify the required task connection string on the remote system.    2 13.2.4 CMU TCP NNTP Server and Server/Client Nodes  G 1.	Copy nntp_tcpcmu.exe to a location accessible to the SYSTEM account h (this example uses tcp$system).   = 2.	In sys$manager:internet.config insert the following lines:o  ;  ; Define the well-known ports we support and their servers ?  ; WKS:port:procname:imagename:status:privs:priority:queuelimite  ;A  WKS:119:NEWSRV:TCP$NEWSRV:NETWRK:NETMBX,TMPMBX,SYSPRV,PHY_IO:4:5   ; 3.	In sys$manager:ip_startup.com insert the following line:o  6  $ define/system tcp$newsrv tcp$system:nntp_tcpcmu.exe    3 13.2.5  WIN TCP NNTP Server and Server/Client Nodesc  1 1.	Copy nntp_tcpwin.exe to twg$tcp:[netdist.serv]o  ? 2. 	Add the following block to twg$tcp:[netdist.etc]servers.daty  
     # NNTP     service-name    NNTP6     program         TWG$TCP:[NETDIST.SERV]:nntp_tcpwin     socket-type     SOCK_STREAMt0     socket-options  SO_ACCEPTCONN | SO_KEEPALIVE!     socket-address  AF_INET , 119p     working-set     200)     maxservers      5h     INIT            TCP_Init     LISTEN          TCP_Listen!     CONNECTED       TCP_Connected      SERVICE         Run_Programe  ; 3.	Add the following line to twg$tcp:[netdist.etc]services.y  (     NNTP    119/tcp    #NNTP NEWS Server  B 4.	Stop/Id on the INET_SERVERS process and restart it by running   @twg$tcp:[netdist.misc]inetservh  8 13.2.6  Multinet TCP NNTP Server and Server/Client Nodes  ; 1.	Copy nntp_tcpwinmultinet.exe to multinet:nntp_server.exe.  3 2. 	Invoke the Multinet services configure program:s       $ MULTINET CONFIG/SERVER 	Config> ADD SERVICE 14. NEWS network Transfers    L This section describes some hints as to how to feed new postings from a VMS L NEWS site to an adjacent non-VMS system (commonly a Unix system). There are L two basic approaches: Using the NNTP network protocol and TCP/IP on VMS, or  using a VMS/Unix mailer.   14.1  NNTP-based NEWS feedsl  I The NNTP approach uses the "ihave/sendme" protocol described in the NNTP a3 standard. The following changes have to be applied:.  %   Modify NEWS.SYS on the VMS system:e       K unixnode:world,inet,arp,anu,canb,comp,sci,rec,news,misc,soc,talk,aus,alt:N:p \e0     NEWS_MANAGER_DEV/[IHAVE_UNIXNODE]COLLECT.IDS  E The relevant entry now specifies that the VMS system will append the iJ message identifiers to the specified file, rather than placing the entire L message text into the posting area (the 'N' flag in the SYS entry specifies ! message identifier transmission).a  L   In the Skim command procedure on VMS, the following commands are used to  invoke NNTP:  T     $ Distribute:t4     $   write sys$output "Copy items to other sites"     $   set on.     $   nntp_xmit :== $ news_manager:nntp_xmit     $Search_1:8     $   nodedir = f$search("news_manager:ihave_*.dir",2)+     $   If nodedir .eqs. "" Then goto abortnA     $   node = f$parse(nodedir,,,"NAME","SYNTAX_ONLY") - "IHAVE_"a:     $   senddir = "news_manager_dev:[ihave_" + node + "];",     $   savedfiles = senddir - ";" + "*.*;*"     $   node = node + "::;"i     $Search_2:%     $   file = f$search(savedfiles,3)N+     $   If file .eqs. "" Then goto search_1t$     $   on error Then goto no_copy_2!     $   nntp_xmit 'node tcp 'filen     $   delete 'file     $No_copy_2:e     $   goto search_2s  H 	If the VMS system does not feed to additional systems then no further H changes are necessary (i.e. the VMS system is a logical end-node in the E news network topology). However if the VMS system does relay network sI batches (i.e. a routing node with respect to the NEWS network), then you  K will need to modify the configuration file  NEWS_MANAGER:NEWS.DISTRIBUTION wK to ensure that news batches are forwarded correctly through this VMS  node 3 to all adjacent nodes.     14.2   Mail-based NEWS feeds  I The second approach is based on the existance on a mail link between the s two systems.  C 	On the VMS system you will need to define two mail destinations: cK newsmail and rnews. These mail destinations are used by the Unix system as  L the default mail destination of forwarded news batches. If the news manager K username is NEWSMGR then the following logical names need to be defined on r the VMS system:t  $     $ DEFINE/SYSTEM NEWSMAIL NEWSMGR!     $ DEFINE/SYSTEM RNEWS NEWSMGRi  + 	The VMS NEWS.SYS file requires the entry:l  8     unixnode:world,inet,arp,anu,canb,comp,sci,rec,news,\     misc,soc,talk,aus,alt:BN:\.     NEWS_MANAGER_DEV/[POST_UNIXNODE]NEWS.BATCH  H The 'B' flag indicates the news item texts are to be stored in the post L area, and the 'N' transmission flags indicate that the the mail format uses I leading 'N' characters in the mail body to delineate the news batch from i the mail headers.d  G 	In the Skim command procedure on VMS, the following commands need to e be inserted:       $Distribute:5     $    write sys$output "Copy items to other sites"u     $    set onl     $Search_1:8     $    nodedir = f$search("news_manager:post_*.dir",1)0     $    If nodedir .eqs. "" Then goto ExitlabelA     $    node = f$parse(nodedir,,,"NAME","SYNTAX_ONLY") - "POST_"p:     $    senddir = "news_manager_dev:[post_" + node + "];"-     $    savedfiles = senddir - ";" + "*.*;*"      $    node = node + "::;"     $Search_2:&     $    file = f$search(savedfiles,2),     $    If file .eqs. "" Then goto Search_1%     $    on error then goto No_copy_2o*     $    mail 'file' in%"""rnews@"node'"""     $    delete 'filef     $No_copy_2:p     $    goto search_2  G 	On the Unix system an entry needs to be inserted in the aliases file:b  !     rnews: "|/usr/lib/news/uurec"i  K Variants of these approaches are possible, such a mailing the 'ihave' list  L of message-ids to the unix site, and then having the Unix site respond with J 'sendme' control messages back to the VMS system using mail (or any other I means of message transfer) as the message transport. The comments in the WI distributed version of NEWS.SYS contain additional information on how to  $ set up such distribution mechanisms.  J Additional notes which haven't been put in the correct place yet (or even  finished for that matter!)       Compilation Settings  	 JUNKNODOT    	#define JUNKNODOT	0  I The USENET news standard states that items are only passed between nodes IF within the USENET as long as the item has been posted to at least one I newsgroup within the USENET hierarchy. This is expressed by stating that aI all items must be posted to newsgroups which contain at least one period fJ ('.') in the newsgroup name. The implicit assumption made in the standard H is that all local (non-network) newsgroups are non-hierarchy newsgroups J ("local", "general", etc), while all network newsgroups have at least one  period.d  H If JUNKNODOT is set to 1, then the prerequisite that all incoming items F must be posted to hierarchy newsgroups (which contain periods i their L names), is enforced by the ADD command processor. The distribution value of 8 0 implies that this requirement is not enforced by NEWS.     NEWGROUP_REG   	#define NEWGROUP_REG	0i  I This compiler constant is the default register value for new newsgroups. -B With a value of 0 users are not automatically registered into new K newsgroups. With a value of 1, new newsgroups are automatically registered aJ in new newsgroups (strictly speaking the value for automatic registration K is between 1 and 255, but using a value higher than 1 is not recommended). wH Note that if a user specifies preferred new newsgroup action by the SET I PROFILE/NEWREGISTER command, then the user profile setting overrides the d NEWGROUP_REG setting.i    C 1	There is a considerable additional execution cost of the ALLSCAN aG actions over SCAN. If the local news system supports a large number of  L newsgroups, then SCAN is a more efficient means of determining if there are  unread items within news. A 2	The initial check for unseen items is performed using the SCAN   actions.D 3	VWS is not supported as a NEWS display manager. X Windows display = management may be suported in future versions of the program.aC 4	There is a qualification to this assertion - a set of newsgroups fF (LOCAL or NETWORK newsgroups) can be setup as read-only by use of the ( NEWS_NETPOST/NEWS_NONETPOST identifiers.  