   Copyright (C) 1989, 1995, 1996, 1997 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.
  
  This file is part of Aladdin Ghostscript.
  
  Aladdin Ghostscript is distributed with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.  No author
  or distributor accepts any responsibility for the consequences of using it,
  or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, unless he
  or she says so in writing.  Refer to the Aladdin Ghostscript Free Public
  License (the "License") for full details.
  
  Every copy of Aladdin Ghostscript must include a copy of the License,
  normally in a plain ASCII text file named PUBLIC.  The License grants you
  the right to copy, modify and redistribute Aladdin Ghostscript, but only
  under certain conditions described in the License.  Among other things, the
  License requires that the copyright notice and this notice be preserved on
  all copies.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

This file, make.txt, describes how to build Ghostscript executables from
source.

For an overview of Ghostscript and a list of the documentation files, see
README.

********
******** Overview ********
********

This document describes how to build a Ghostscript executable from source
code.  There are 4 major steps to building Ghostscript:

	1) Acquire the source code.

	2) Unpack the source code.

	3) Prepare the makefiles, including making edits for your
	operating environment and configuration choices.

	4) Invoke 'make'.

The remaining sections of this document describes each of these steps in
detail.  Note that parts of these steps are platform-dependent.

After you have built Ghostscript, please refer to install.txt for
instructions on installing it.

********
******** Acquiring the source code ********
********

To build Ghostscript, you need the Ghostscript source code itself, and the
source code for some third-party libraries that Ghostscript uses.

Ghostscript itself
------------------

The authoritative distribution directory for Aladdin Ghostscript is
	ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/ghost/aladdin
GNU Ghostscript should be available on all GNU sites.

There are 3 different cases for retrieving the source files.

(1) If neither (2) nor (3) below applies to you, you need:
	ghostscript-#.##.tar.gz
	ghostscript-fonts-std-#.##.tar.gz
	ghostscript-fonts-other-#.##.tar.gz
where #.## is the version number.  (The second part of the version number
may have either 1 or 2 digits.)

(2) If you are building Aladdin Ghostscript (not GNU Ghostscript) on MS-DOS
or MS Windows, and you don't have (and don't want to acquire) the tar and
gzip programs, you can get:
	gs###fn*.zip
	gs###sr*.zip
instead of the .tar.gz files, if the .zip files are available for the
version you want.

(3) If you are building Ghostscript on MS-DOS or MS Windows and using
.tar.gz files, rename the files as
	gs###sr.taz
	gs###fn1.taz
	gs###fn2.taz
respectively when you retrieve them.  You will need compatible PC executable
versions of the tar and gzip programs in this case.

Third-party libraries
---------------------

You need the source code for the Independent JPEG Group (IJG) library, the
PNG library, and the zlib library in order to build Ghostscript.  The
authoritative distribution points for these libraries are, respectively:

    IJG library:
	ftp.uu.net:/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v##.tar.gz
	ftp.simtel.net:/pub/simtelnet/msdos/graphics/jpegsr##.zip
    PNG library:
	ftp://swrinde.nde.swri.edu/pub/png/src/
	    libpng-#.##.tar.gz
	    lpng###.zip (or possibly lbpng###.zip or lp###.zip)
    zlib library:
	ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/archiving/zip/zlib/
	    zlib-#.#.#.tar.gz
	    zlib###.zip

Get the .zip files if you are building on MS-DOS or MS Windows, the .tar.gz
files for all other environments.  Note that each of these libraries has its
own version numbers that have nothing to do with Ghostscript version
numbers; you should get the highest numbered version.  (You may have to go
back and get a lower-numbered version if you encounter difficulties in the
build process, but don't worry about this yet.)  If you're running Linux,
you might check whether these libraries are already available in source form
on your system, since many Linux distributors include them; but we advise
you to get the highest version from the Net if you can.

Even though the .zip archive of some old versions of the PNG library may be
named something other than lpng###.zip, we'll refer to this archive as
lpng###.zip below, so you might want to rename it after getting it to avoid
confusion.

********
******** Unpacking the source code ********
********

Unfortunately, there are no generally accepted standards for how to package
source code into archives, so the instructions for unpacking Ghostscript are
longer than they should be.

The Ghostscript sources normally go into a directory named gs#.##, where
again #.## is the Ghostscript version number.  For the remainder of this
document, we will refer to the gs#.## directory as the "gs directory".

To unpack a .tar.gz archive, you need the gzip and tar programs.  Executable
versions of these programs are normally available on all Unix systems, and
are available from GNU sites (including source code) for other environments.
The way to unpack a .tar.gz archive is
	gzip -d -c somefile.tar.gz | tar -xf -
If your version of tar supports the -z switch for automatic decompression,
you can use
	tar -zxf somefile.tar.gz

To unpack a .zip archive in a Microsoft environment, you need the PKUNZIP
program, which is normally delivered with the OS.  To unpack a .zip archive,
	PKUNZIP somefile.zip

We won't say anything more here about unpacking the fonts, since that is not
part of the build process per se, but of installation.

Ghostscript itself
------------------

The ghostscript-#.##.tar.gz archive unpacks all of the Ghostscript files
into the directory ./gs#.##.

The gs###sr*.zip archives also include the subdirectory name gs#.##, but
some versions of PKUNZIP discard the directory name and always unpack into
the current directory.  If your version of PKUNZIP does this, you must
	MKDIR gs#.##
	CD gs#.##
before unpacking the archive.

Third-party libraries
---------------------

The file names in the IJG archives (jpegsrc.v##.tar.gz or jpegsr##.zip)
include a subdirectory name jpeg-##/, so you should unpack them in the same
way as just described for the Ghostscript sources, except that you should
make the gs directory current first, and the subdirectory name will be
jpeg-##.  (This will be a subdirectory of the gs directory, of course.)

Unfortunately, the situation for the PNG and zlib libraries varies from
release to release.  If you are using the .tar.gz archives, then:

	- Before unpacking libpng-#.##.tar.gz, make the gs directory
	current.  Unpacking will create a subdirectory named
	libpng-#.##.  Rename this subdirectory as libpng.

	- Before unpacking zlib-#.#.#.tar.gz, make the gs directory
	current.  Unpacking will create a subdirectory named zlib or
	zlib-#.#.#; if the latter, rename it as zlib.

If you are using the .zip archives, and your version of PKUNZIP preserves
directory information, follow the same steps as for the .tar.gz archives.
If your version of PKUNZIP discards directory names:

	- Before unpacking lpng###.zip, make the gs directory current, and
	then
		MKDIR libpng
		CD libpng

	- Before unpacking zlib###.zip or zlib-###.zip, make the gs
	directory current, and then
		MKDIR zlib
		CD zlib

********
******** Makefile overview ********
********

The Ghostscript makefiles are very large and complex.  Fortunately, the only
makefiles you are likely to need to deal with are relatively small ones
containing platform-specific information, as follows:

	ansihead.mak - Unix with ANSI C compilers other than gcc
	cc-head.mak - Unix with "traditional C" compilers
	gcc-head.mak - Unix with gcc
	watc.mak - MS-DOS with Watcom compilers
	bcwin32.mak - MS Windows with Borland compilers
	msvc32.mak - MS Windows with Microsoft Visual C++ version 4.n or 5.n
	watcw32.mak - MS Windows with Watcom compilers
	openvms.mak - OpenVMS
	dgc-head.mak - DesqView/X with gcc
	os2.mak - OS/2 with the gcc/emx compiler

Since the contents of these files change from one Ghostscript version to
another, sometimes substantially, and since they all include documentation
for the various options, we won't duplicate most of that documentation here:
after reading the information below, we strongly recommend that you read the
entire makefile for your OS and compiler before building Ghostscript.

In Ghostscript versions 5.0*, watcw32.mak doesn't work, so we won't describe
it further.

For completeness, the platform-independent makefiles are:

	version.mak - identifies the version and release date
	gs.mak - documentation and miscellany
	lib.mak - the main makefile for the graphics engine
	int.mak - the main makefile for the PostScript/PDF interpreter
	jpeg.mak - the makefile for the IJG library
	libpng.mak - the makefile for the PNG library
	zlib.mak - the makefile for the zlib library
	devs.mak - the makefile for the device drivers

********
******** Preparing the makefiles for your environment ********
********

You may need to edit the platform-specific makefile if you wish to change
any of the following:

	- The name of the makefile itself (MAKEFILE macro);

	- The default search path(s) for the initialization and font files
	  (GS LIB_DEFAULT macro);

	- The debugging options (DEBUG and TDEBUG macros);

	- The set of device drivers to be included (DEVICE_DEVS
	  and DEVICE_DEVS1..15 macros);

	- The set of optional features to be included (FEATURE_DEVS).

The platform-specific makefile will include comments describing all of these
items except the DEVICE_DEVS options; the available DEVICE_DEVS options
(device drivers) are described in devs.mak, even though the file that must
be edited is the platform-specific makefile.  You should also check the
JVERSION and PVERSION macros in the platform-specific makefile, and adjust
them if they do not match the JPEG and PNG library versions you are using:
see jpeg.mak and libpng.mak for more info.

There are also platform-specific options described below under the
individual platforms.  See the "Options" section near the beginning of the
relevant makefile for more information.

If you are including a dot-matrix printer driver, you may wish to
customize the default resolution parameters in devs.mak.

Features and devices
--------------------

When compiling Ghostscript, you may configure it with any of a variety of
features, and with any subset of the available device drivers.  You will
find the complete list of features in a comment at the beginning of the file
gs.mak, and the complete list of drivers in a comment at the beginning of
devs.mak.

To find out what devices a particular makefile selects for inclusion in
the executable, find the line in the makefile of the form
	FEATURE_DEVS=<list of features>
and
	DEVICE_DEVS=<list of devices>
	(similarly DEVICE_DEVS1... up to DEVICE_DEVS15)
For example, if the makefile for Unix platforms defined
	FEATURE_DEVS=level2.dev
indicating that only the PostScript Level 2 facilities should be included,
you might wish to add
	FEATURE_DEVS=level2.dev pdf.dev
to add the ability to interpret PDF files.  (In fact, the current definition
of FEATURE_DEVS in the Unix makefiles does include pdf.dev.)  The Unix
makefile also defines
	DEVICE_DEVS=x11.dev
	DEVICE_DEVS9=pbm.dev pbmraw.dev pgm.dev pgmraw.dev ppm.dev ppmraw.dev
indicating that the X11 driver and all of the Portable Bit/Gray/PixMap
file drivers should be included.  (In fact, it includes many more drivers
than this: see the Unix makefiles for the full list.)

You may edit the FEATURE* lines to select any desired set of features (as
listed near the beginning of gs.mak), and the DEVICE_DEVS* line(s) to select
any desired set of device drivers (as listed near the beginning of
devs.mak).  The first device listed in the definition of DEVICE_DEVS will be
used as the default device (unless overridden from the command line with
-sDEVICE=xxx, of course.)  If you can't fit all the devices on a single
line, you may add lines defining
	DEVICE_DEVS2=<dev21>.dev ... <dev2n>.dev
	DEVICE_DEVS3=<dev31>.dev ... <dev3n>.dev
etc. up to DEVICE_DEVS15.  Don't use continuation lines -- this doesn't
work on some platforms.

LZW compression
---------------

It is possible to substitute an LZW compressor for the LZW-compatible
encoder provided with the standard fileset, by finding the two lines in
lib.mak that read

	lzwe_=slzwce.$(OBJ) slzwc.$(OBJ)
	#lzwe_=slzwe.$(OBJ) slzwc.$(OBJ)

and changing them to

	#lzwe_=slzwce.$(OBJ) slzwc.$(OBJ)
	lzwe_=slzwe.$(OBJ) slzwc.$(OBJ)

If you do this, you are responsible for constructing or obtaining a file
slzwe.c that implements LZW compression; such a file is not included in any
current standard Ghostscript distribution, although you may be able to find
one in distributions that predate Unisys' amnesty cutoff of January 1, 1995.
You are also responsible for drawing your own conclusions about the
applicability to LZW compression code of patents held by Unisys and/or IBM,
and for obtaining any licenses you believe to be relevant.

Creating 'makefile'
-------------------

As the final step in preparing the makefile, you need to associate the name
'makefile' with the correct makefile for your environment as follows.

On Unix systems, execute:
	ln -s unix-gcc.mak makefile
if you are using gcc, or
	ln -s unixansi.mak makefile
if you are using another ANSI C compiler, or
	ln -s unix-cc.mak makefile
if you are using a "traditional C" compiler.  If your Unix system doesn't
support symbolic links, omit the -s switch.  Then, if you have edited any
of the makefile components listed above, execute
	tar_cat

On MS Windows with the Borland compiler, execute:
	echo !include "bcwin32.mak" >makefile

On MS Windows with the Microsoft compiler, execute:
	echo !include msvc32.mak >makefile

On MS-DOS or MS Windows with the Watcom compiler, add the line
	set DOS4G=quiet
to your autoexec.bat file, and also execute:
	set DOS4G=quiet
Then execute:
	echo !include watc.mak >makefile
(for MS-DOS) or
	echo !include watcw32.mak >makefile
(for MS Windows).

********
******** Invoking 'make' ********
********

The command
	make clean
removes all the files created by the build process (relocatables,
executables, and miscellaneous scratch files).  If you want to save the
executable, you should move it to another directory first.

The command
	make
builds Ghostscript without debugging options.

The command
	make debug
builds Ghostscript with debugging options and additional internal error
checks.  Ghostscript will be somewhat larger and slower, but it won't behave
any differently unless you actually turn debugging options at execution time
with the -DDEBUG or -Z command line switches (described in use.txt).

On most platforms, these simple instructions don't quite work in one way or
another: read the section on your platform below.

Cross-compiling
---------------

If you are compiling Ghostscript on machine X with a cross-compiler that
generates code for machine Y, you need to do one extra step.  Rather than
simply giving the command
	make
you must proceed in three steps.  First,
	make arch.h
Then edit arch.h to reflect the architecture of machine Y.  Then,
	make

********
******** How to build Ghostscript from source (PC version) ********
********

The relevant makefiles are:
	Borland C++ 4.x, 32-bit MS Windows (3.1 + Win32s, 95, NT): bcwin32.mak
	Microsoft Visual C++ 4.x or 5.x, 32-bit MS Windows: msvc32.mak
	Watcom C/386 or C++, 32-bit (extended) MS-DOS: watc.mak
	Watcom C/386 or C++, 32-bit MS Windows (DOESN'T WORK YET): watcw32.mak
	DJGPP, DESQview/X: dvx-gcc.mak
	cygwin32 gcc: unix-gcc.mak (see below)
The options were chosen to strike a balance between RAM consumption and
likely usefulness.

To build Ghostscript, you need MS-DOS version 3.3 or later, and Borland
C/C++ (4.0 or later), Microsoft Visual C++ (version 4.0 or later), Watcom
C/386 (version 8.5 or later) or C++ (any version), or the free djgpp + go32
development system.  Details are given below.

As noted above, the default configuration generates an executable that
assumes the directory where 'make' was run should be the final default
directory for looking up the Ghostscript initialization and font files.

To build the Ghostscript executable, all you need to do is give the
command
	make
You must have COMMAND.COM in your path to build Ghostscript.

There is a special 'make' target that simply attempts to compile all the
.c files in the current directory.  Some of these compilations will fail,
but the ones that succeed will go considerably faster, because they don't
individually pay the overhead of loading the compiler into memory.  So a
good strategy for building the executable for the first time, or after a
change to a very widely used .h file, is:
	make begin
and then
	make
to do the compilations that failed the first time.

Note: if you get the Ghostscript sources from a Unix 'tar' file and unpack
the file on a MS-DOS machine, the files will all have linefeed instead of
carriage return + linefeed as the line terminator, which may make the C
compiler unhappy.  I don't know the simplest way to fix this: just reading
each file into an editor and writing it back out again may be sufficient.
You will probably have to do this to the .c, .h, and .bat files.

Borland environment
-------------------

To compile Ghostscript with the Borland environment, you need Borland C++
(version 4.0 or later); specifically, the compiler, 'make' utility, and
linker.  You also need either the Borland assembler (version 1.0 or later)
or the Microsoft assembler (version 4.0 or later).

Besides the source files and the makefiles, you need:
	turboc.cfg (the flags and switches for Turbo C)
	gs.tr (the linker commands for the interpreter)
	*.bat (a variety of batch files used in the build process)

There are extensive comments in the aforementioned .mak files
regarding various configuration parameters.  If your configuration is
different from the following, you should definitely read those
comments and see if you want or need to change any of the parameters:
	- The compiler files are in c:\bc and its subdirectories.
	- You are using the Borland assembler (tasm).
	- You want an executable that will run on any 32-bit PC-compatible,
regardless of processor type (80386, 80486, Pentium, or compatible) and
regardless of whether a math coprocessor (80x87) is present (only an issue
with 80386 processors).

NOTE: Borland C++ 4.52 has a bug that causes the 32-bit Windows executable
to fail during startup.  Borland has provided a patch for this bug on the
file bc45xp1.zip, accessible as a link from
http://loki.borland.com/cpp/Patchs.htm.

NOTE: Borland C++ 5.0 and 5.01 have a code generator bug that generates
incorrect code for the construct !file_is_valid().  Do not attempt to
compile Ghostscript with these compilers.  If you want to report this bug to
Borland, send them the result of compiling ziodev.c and tell them to look at
the code generated for file_is_valid() and !file_is_valid().

If building for the MS Windows Win32s environment, you need bcc32.cfg
instead of turboc.cfg.  The make process will stop after it has created
genarch.exe.  You should then run 'win genarch arch.h', wait until genarch
has finished and then exit MS Windows.  Then type 'make' again to restart
the make process.

If building for MS Windows NT, you also need bcc32.cfg instead of
turboc.cfg, but the make process will run to completion automatically.

Microsoft environment
---------------------

To compile Ghostscript with the Microsoft environment, you need Microsoft
Visual C++ 4.0 or later with its associated `nmake' utility and linker.  If
you are using version 4.x, change the line in msvc32.mak that reads
	MSVC_VERSION = 5
to
	MSVC_VERSION = 4
before building.

You may get error messages during compilation about /QI0f being an undefined
switch, or the message
	dwmain32.def: EXETYPE not supported for platform; ignored
during linking.  Ignore them.

Watcom environment
------------------

Before compiling, change the definition of the WCVERSION macro in the
makefile (watc.mak or watcw32.mak) to the version of the Watcom compiler you
are using.  This is necessary to handle some minor incompatibilities between
versions.

To build Ghostscript, execute

	wmakebat

This constructs a build script and then executes it.  (This roundabout
procedure is necessary because Watcom chose to implement wmake in a way that
requires reading both the entire makefile and the entire current directory
into the limited 640K MS-DOS address space.)

Note that Watcom C/386 version 8.5 does not include wmakel (the 32-bit
version of wmake).  If this is the version that you have, use wmake instead,
i.e., edit wmakebat.bat to change wmakel to wmake.

If you get an "Error(F01): Out of memory" with Watcom 8.5, you may wish to
try reducing the total size of the makefiles by editing devs.mak to remove
drivers that you don't ever intend to use.  If you still get this error,
contact Watcom technical support; they will be able to send you the wmakel
program, probably at no charge.

DesqView/X and djgcc/djgpp environment
--------------------------------------

The name of the makefile for this environment is dvx-gcc.mak.

The DesqView/X port of Ghostscript was contributed by Tom Brosnan
(tjb@chalone.stanford.edu), with further contributions by Stephen Turnbull
(turnbull@shako.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp).  It uses djgcc (DJ Delorie's MSDOS port
of gcc) for compiling.  djgcc assumes that go32.exe is in your search path.
You need to set an environment variable to tell go32 where to put any
paging files, e.g.

    set GO32TMP=e:/tmp

If you don't have go32.exe, you can get it from Internet host
oak.oakland.edu.  The extender and minimum run-time environment are in the
file djeoeXXX.zip, where XXX is the version number (currently 112).
Patched versions of the extender (as well as other components) are found in
the files djXXXmY.zip, XXX is again the compiler version, Y is the
patchlevel.  Y is currently 2.  People who are just running the executable
need only get the file with the highest level of Y that contains GO32.EXE
and do "unzip -j djXXXmY go32.exe" (InfoZIP) or "pkunzip djXXXmY go32.exe"
(PKWare), then move the extender to their PATH.  If you do not have a
hardware FPU, you will also need the floating point emulator EMU387 found
in djeoeXXX.zip (and possibly in the patch releases as well).  You MUST use
an emulator designed to work with GO32; the emulators often found as TSRs
will not work.  See the file README found in djeoeXXX.zip, or the file
README.1ST in pub/msdos/djgpp on Simtel for further information.

The DJGPP v1.12 compiler suite is known to have problems with linking
large file sets.  If you run into this problem, you can work around it
by using the v1.11 GO32 as follows:
(1) get dj111m5.zip from turnbull.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp:/pub/djgpp/1.11
(2) unzip GO32.EXE.  Be careful not to overwrite other versions!
(3) rename it, eg, to GO111M5.EXE
(4) move the renamed GO32.EXE to your path
(5) stubedit ld.exe:  (the stubedit utility is part of djeoe112.zip)
    (a) change the extender name to the one you chose in (3).  The
        .EXE extension may be omitted
    (b) change the version required to 1.11
    (c) accept the defaults for the remaining options.

Stephen Turnbull observed the following two problems with DJGPP v2.0-beta2.

(1) The v1.12 stdio.h defined a number of flags for manipulating the
    various characteristics of the streams being processed, such as
    _IORD, _IOWRT, etc.  These are missing from v2.0-beta2.  I don't
    know enough about the new libc.a to guess whether this is an
    oversight or these functions have a new (Posix?) interface.
    [Caveat: In Ghostscript the compiler error can be silenced by
    adding "#define _IOWRT 00002" to the file gp_dvx.c.  I don't know
    that this is correct in the new libraries.  I suspect there is no
    real loss in Ghostscript to removing the offending flag
    manipulation from gp_open_printer() in gp_dvx.c, as it is a
    performance optimization.]

(2) The big problem is linking with third-party libraries not compiled
    with v2.0.  In particular, QuarterDeck's contributed Xlib
    (compiled with DJGPP v1.12 (original release).  Unfortunately,
    v1.12 uses the usual macros for character classification and
    implementation of the stdio streams.  This leads to long lists of
    complaints from the linker about undefined references to '_ctype_'
    (the table of character type flags) and '_iob' (the table indexed
    by file descriptors) when processing Xlib functions.

cygwin32 gcc
------------

A user has reported that it is possible to compile Ghostscript for MS
Windows NT using the cygwin32 gcc compiler, GNU make, and the unix-gcc.mak
makefile, with only two small source code changes:

	- Add a "b" to the call to fopen in "gp_open_scratch";
	- Mirror the gp_ntfs logic for "gp_file_name_is_absolute".

You can find more information about this compiler and environment on the Web
at http://www.cygnus.com/misc/gnu-win32.  Please note that Cygnus' licensing
terms aren't quite as liberal about redistribution as either the GNU License
or the Aladdin license, so you should read their license carefully if you
want to redistribute the results of using their compiler.

********
******** How to build Ghostscript from source (Mac version) ********
********

There are additional Mac-specific source files in a separate distribution
from the rest of Ghostscript.  In addition to the standard Ghostscript
sources, you will need the following files:

    macgs-v1.0-src.sit    - the source files, StuffIt archive.
    manual.txt            - the manual as unformatted text
    readme.txt            - this file

These should be in the mac directory located in the same place you retrieved
the rest of the Ghostscript distribution.

The first file is a StuffIt archive.  If you do not have a program to expand
it, you should get the free StuffIt Expander program from your favorite
Macintosh archive.

In the standard method of building Ghostscript, all of these files (except
the jpeg) get unpacked into one big directory.  The jpeg stuff gets unpacked
into a directory called jpeg-6 in the main directory.  The Macintosh stuff
also gets unpacked into its own directory, called 'Mac Specific'.  However,
if you like (and I do) you can divide up all these files into the following
hierarchy:

    Ghost Dev
        files -- all *.ps, *.txt, and other non-build files
        fonts -- all the fonts
        src -- *.c, *.h, *.mak
        jpeg-6 -- the jpeg files
        Mac Specific -- the mac files
        MPW Build -- empty directory used for building under MPW

Once you get everything laid out, take a look at the file Worksheet in the
mac specific folder for complete steps to build the system with either MPW
or CodeWarrior.

********
******** How to build Ghostscript from source (Unix version) ********
********

The makefile distributed with Ghostscript selects the following devices
for inclusion in the build:
	Display: X Windows.
	Printers: H-P DeskJets, LaserJets, and color DeskJets and PaintJets;
	  Canon BubbleJets.
	File formats: Group 3 & Group 4 fax, JPEG, PCX, P*M (PBM/PGM/PPM),
	  TIFF, PostScript images, PNG, distilled PDF, PostScript, and EPS,
	  PCL XL ("PCL 6").

The unix-*.mak files are actually generated mechanically from *head.mak,
*tail.mak, unix-end.mak, and the platform-independent makefiles by a script
called tar_cat.  If for some reason your copy of Ghostscript doesn't include
the unix-*.mak files, run tar_cat to construct them.  If you wish to edit
any part of the makefile,

	DO NOT EDIT THE FILE NAMED makefile OR unix{ansi,-cc,-gcc}.mak.
	EDIT THE ORIGINAL COMPONENT MAKEFILE (*head.mak, *tail.mak,
	OR A PLATFORM-INDEPENDENT FILE) AND RUN tar_cat AGAIN.

Consult tar_cat to find the names of the component files.

The *head.mak files explicitly compile and link the libpng and zlib
libraries into the executable.  If your Unix system already includes these
libraries (probably in /usr/lib/libpng.{a,so} and libz.{a,so}) and you would
rather use the system copies, change the definition of SHARE_LIBPNG and/or
SHARE_ZLIB from 0 to 1 in the relevant *head.mak file, run tar_cat, and
recompile.  Note that if you do this, you will get non-DEBUG versions of
these libraries, even if you selected DEBUG in the Ghostscript makefile.

The *head.mak files also compile and link the jpeg library into the
executable.  Ghostscript doesn't offer a SHARE option for this library,
because in order to be compatible with Adobe interpreters, Ghostscript has
to compile the code with the non-standard definition
	#define D_MAX_BLOCKS_IN_MCU 64
This is in contradiction to the JPEG standard, but at least some real
PostScript files require this.  A shared system library would not be
compiled this way.

If the X11 client header files are located in some directory which your
compiler does not automatically search, you must change the XINCLUDE macro
the makefile to include a specific -I switch.  See the comment preceding
XINCLUDE in the makefile.

Currently Ghostscript is set up to compile and link in a generic Unix
environment.  Some Unix environments may require changing the LDFLAGS
macro in the makefile.

All you need to do to make an executable is invoke the shell command
	make

Ghostscript uses ANSI syntax for function definitions. Because of this,
when compiling with cc, it must preprocess each .c file to convert it to
the older syntax defined in Kernighan and Ritchie, which is what most
current Unix compilers (other than gcc) support.  This step is
automatically performed by a utility called ansi2knr, which is included in
the Ghostscript distribution.  The makefile automatically builds ansi2knr.

The ansi2knr preprocessing step is included in the makefile rule for
compiling .c files.  ansi2knr creates a file called _temp_$$.c to hold the
converted code, where $$ is the process ID.  If you want to change this name
for some reason, it is defined in a small script file called ccgs.

gcc and GNU make problems
=========================

There is an optimizer bug in gcc 2.7.0, 2.7.1, and 2.7.2 that causes these
versions of gcc to generate incorrect code.  You can work around this by
adding the switch
		-Dconst=
to the compilation switches (CFLAGS).  Alternatively, you can rebuild gcc
with the following patch:

*** clean-ss-951203/expr.c	Sun Nov 26 08:18:07 1995
--- ss-951203/expr.c	Mon Dec  4 11:41:18 1995
*************** expand_expr (exp, target, tmode, modifie
*** 4582,4587 ****
  	   through a pointer to const does not mean that the value there can
  	   never change.  Languages where it can never change should
  	   also set TREE_STATIC.  */
! 	RTX_UNCHANGING_P (temp) = TREE_READONLY (exp) | TREE_STATIC (exp);
  	return temp;
        }
--- 4582,4588 ----
  	   through a pointer to const does not mean that the value there can
  	   never change.  Languages where it can never change should
  	   also set TREE_STATIC.  */
! 	RTX_UNCHANGING_P (temp) = TREE_READONLY (exp) & TREE_STATIC (exp);
  	return temp;
        }

If possible, compile with gcc 2.5.8, gcc 2.6.3, or gcc 2.7.2.1 or later,
which don't have this bug.  Note, however, that gcc has other problems on
some platforms: please read the section below for your specific platform as
well.

Current versions of GNU `make' have no problems, but GNU make 3.59 can't
handle the final linking step in some cases; use the platform's standard
make (e.g., /bin/make) if this happens.

Platform-specific notes
=======================

386 Unix
--------
	gcc versions older than 1.38 on Intel 80386 systems do not
compile Ghostscript correctly using the -O option.  Do not use -O in
these environments.
	gcc 1.39 under 386BSD has a bug that causes float-to-integer
conversions to compile incorrectly.  Do not use this version of gcc.
	X11R5 may need #include <stddef.h> in x_.h.
	Also see below regarding System V platforms.

Alpha (AXP) with gcc
--------------------
	You don't have to use gcc on AXP systems: the following notes are
relevant only if you do use it.
	The code generator in gcc 2.7.2.1 is broken, so you cannot use this
version on the Alpha.  gcc 2.5.8 and 2.6.3 are probably OK.  Versions of gcc
before 2.5.0 are believed not to work.
	If you really want to use gcc 2.7.x, here is a patch from a gcc
maintainer:

Tue Sep 24 19:37:00 1996  Jim Wilson  <wilson@cygnus.com>

	* reload.c (push_secondary_reload): Change reload_mode to mode in
	SECONDARY_MEMORY_NEEDED and get_secondary_mem calls.

*** reload.c.orig	Sun Mar  9 14:05:23 1997
--- reload.c	Sun Mar  9 14:06:54 1997
*************** push_secondary_reload (in_p, x, opnum, o
*** 589,600 ****
  	 set it up now.  */
  
        if (in_p && icode == CODE_FOR_nothing
! 	  && SECONDARY_MEMORY_NEEDED (class, reload_class, reload_mode))
! 	get_secondary_mem (x, reload_mode, opnum, type);
  
        if (! in_p && icode == CODE_FOR_nothing
! 	  && SECONDARY_MEMORY_NEEDED (reload_class, class, reload_mode))
! 	get_secondary_mem (x, reload_mode, opnum, type);
  #endif
      }
  
--- 589,600 ----
  	 set it up now.  */
  
        if (in_p && icode == CODE_FOR_nothing
! 	  && SECONDARY_MEMORY_NEEDED (class, reload_class, mode))
! 	get_secondary_mem (x, mode, opnum, type);
  
        if (! in_p && icode == CODE_FOR_nothing
! 	  && SECONDARY_MEMORY_NEEDED (reload_class, class, mode))
! 	get_secondary_mem (x, mode, opnum, type);
  #endif
      }
  

Apollo
------
	You must run the compiler in ANSI-compatible mode (i.e., set AK=
<null string> in the makefile); otherwise, it gives incorrect error
messages for any function declared as returning a float value.
	The Apollo compiler may not compile Ghostscript correctly.  If you
get unexpected crashes at run time, use gcc.

AT&T 7040 R3
------------
	If Ghostscript crashes on startup, recompile with -O0 in order to
avoid triggering compiler bugs.

Convex
------
	Use unixansi.mak.  Do not invoke optimization (-O1): there
are compiler bugs that lead to incorrect code.  Set CFLAGS to
	-no -fn -tm c1

DECStations
-----------
	You may get the following message (or a similar one) when compiling,
due to a compiler bug:
	cfe: Fatal: _temp_19086.c: Segmentation violation
If this happens, try compiling with the -oldc switch.

DECStations with Ultrix
-----------------------
	You may wish to set
  GS_LIB_DEFAULT=$(gsdatadir):/usr/lib/DPS/outline/decwin:$(gsdatadir)/fonts
in the makefile to add the Display PostScript font directory to the font
search path.
	You may need to use
		make CFLAGS="-Olimit 2500"
to tell the optimizer to allocate extra table space.
	The Ultrix 4.4 C compiler has a bug that makes it compile gdevm1.c
incorrectly.  Insert the following line in the makefile rule for
gdevm1.$(OBJ) (the body of the rule is empty in the standard distribution):
	$(CCC) -oldc gdevm1.c

Digital Unix
------------
	Use the unixansi.mak file for all Digital Unix compilers.
For versions of Digital Unix before 4.0, set
		CFLAGS=-O -migrate -std1 $(XCFLAGS)
		LDFLAGS=-lots $(XLDFLAGS)
For versions starting with 4.0, you can omit the -migrate switch since
this is the compiler default.
	
H-P RISC workstations
---------------------
	There are conflicting reports about the correct set of flags to use
for H-P's compilers.  Formerly, we recommended using -Ae +O3 (*not* -O)
-DNOSYSTIME, and possibly -D_POSIX_SOURCE.  However, a user reports that on
HP-UX 10.10, the correct set of flags is -Aa -D_HPUX_SOURCE -O $(XCFLAGS),
and that the former set of flags produces a non-working executable.
	If you get the error message
	Initializing... Unrecoverable error: typecheck in .registerencoding
	Operand stack:
	    .notdef  0
when you start Ghostscript, you need to install the following patches to
fix bugs in H-P's C compiler: PHSS_5734, PHSS_5723.
	If you are using gcc 2.5.8, use -O, not -O2; the latter generates
incorrect code for at least one module (gsimage.c).
	There are also conflicting reports about gcc 2.7.2[.1].  One user
has reported that -O generates incorrect code, but another says he compiles
routinely using -O2 without problems.

Intergraph Clipper
------------------
	Recommended settings are:
		XCFLAGS=-w -Q -DSYSV -D__SVR3
		EXTRALIBS=-lbsd -lc_s
		CC=acc -knr
		PLATFORM=sysv_
Also, you will probably need to change the value of XLIBS from
	XLIBS=Xt X11 Xext
to
	XLIBS=Xt_s X11_s Xext

ISC Unix
--------
	For ISC Unix with gcc, an appropriate make invocation is:
	make XCFLAGS="-D__SVR3 -posix" LDFLAGS="-shlib -posix" \
	     EXTRALIBS="-linet -lnsl_s"
If this doesn't work for you, try removing the -shlib.  ISC Unix may
also need one or more of the following in EXTRALIBS: -lpt, -lc_s.
See also under "386 Unix" above.

Linux
-----
	If you are building on Linux with X11 R6 or later, you may get a
list of error messages at link time about undefined references to various
functions beginning with Smc and Ice.  If this happens, make sure that XLIBS
is set in the makefile to the list Xt SM ICE Xext X11 rather than just Xt
Xext X11.
	If you are running gcc version 2.6.3 or later, you may run into
problems because of an incompatibility in object formats ("a.out" vs. ELF)
with the XFree86 library.  The typical symptom is that ld will complain that
some X library is not found or a whole slew of Xlib or Xt functions are not
found in the library (similar to the messages for omitting SM and ICE from
XLIBS), or you will get a message when you start Ghostscript that the
program or the shared library is in unrecognized format.  If this happens,
you might try adding the switches
	-b i486-linuxaout
to both CFLAGS and LDFLAGS in gcc-head.mak, and rebuilding from scratch
("make clean" and then "make").  If this doesn't help, or if other strange
things happen, contact your Linux supplier or support resource.

MIPS
----
	There is apparently a bug in older versions of the MIPS C compiler
which causes gxdither.c to compile incorrectly if optimization is enabled
(-O).  However, this bug is definitely fixed in MipsPRO C version 6.00; with
this version, compiling with -O2 -mips2 produces good output.

NCR 3550
--------
	If you are using the NCR C Development Toolkit, you must use -O0 to
avoid triggering compiler bugs.

NeXTSTEP
--------
	Current NeXTSTEP versions require changing the definition of INCLUDE
in unixtail.mak (and ugcclib.mak, if you are using only the library) to
		INCLUDE=/usr/include/bsd
Don't forget to run tar_cat after you do this.

For all NeXTSTEP systems, use unix-gcc.mak -- i.e., execute
		ln -s unix-gcc.mak Makefile

For NeXTSTEP versions before 3.2:
	edit gcc-head.mak ->
		change CC=gcc to CC=cc
		add -D_NEXT_SOURCE to CFLAGS
	change the two occurrences of sys/time.h to ansi/time.h, and
	change <dirent.h> in gp_unifs.c to <sys/dirent.h>

For NeXTSTEP 3.2 and later
	edit gcc-head.mak ->
		change CC=gcc to CC=cc
		add -D_POSIX_SOURCE and remove -g in CFLAGS
		remove -Wstrict-prototypes in GCFLAGS

Add the following line to the end of Fontmap
		/Ohlfs	/Courier	;

If you are running the Pencom co-Xist X server (Development version), the X
headers and libraries are in the default places, so you should change the
definitions of XINCLUDE and XLIBDIRS in the makefile to empty strings.

Pyramid MIServer-S
------------------
	See AT&T 7040 R3.

RS/6000
-------
	Many versions of the AIX C compiler have bugs that have prevented
Ghostscript from compiling and linking properly.  We believe that the
current Ghostscript release works around these bugs, and that using the
unix-cc.mak makefile with
	CC=cc
should work.  You must also edit the makefile (unixansi.mak or
unix-cc.mak) to change INSTALL to /usr/ucb/install.  (If -DSYSV produces a
complaint about the functions index and rindex not being defined, try
removing it.)  If the xlc 1.2.1 optimizer runs out of memory, you may need
to add -qmaxmem=4000 to CFLAGS.
	A user has reported that the AIX C compiler shipped with AIX 3.2.5
only compiles Ghostscript if invoked with c89 -D_POSIX_SOURCE and *without*
-O.  On the other hand, another user reported successful compilation using
the unix-ansi.mak makefile and the following command line:
	make CC=c89 XCFLAGS="-DOSY_AIX -D_ALL_SOURCE -qnoro -qmaxmem=3000 -bfl" $*
Apparently some (but not all) releases of the C library declare the hypot
function: if the declaration in math_.h produces an error message, try
removing it.  Also, the IBM X11R3 server is known to be buggy: use the MIT
X server if possible.
	The xlc 1.3.0.x compiler provided in AIX 3.2.5+ definitely will not
compile Ghostscript correctly if -O is used on all files.  A user has
reported that compiling the following files without -O is sufficient to
produce a working executable: z*.c, gsmatrix.c, gxstroke.c.
	Some installations of AIX 3.2.5 have what appears to be an incorrect
or inconsistent version of libXt.a in /usr/lpp/X11/lib.  If you get
XtShellStrings and XtStrings as unresolved externals when linking, set
XLIBDIRS=-L/usr/lpp/X11/lib/R5 -L/usr/lpp/X11/lib rather than just
XLIBDIRS=-L/usr/lpp/X11/lib.

SCO Unix/Xenix
--------------
	The SCO Unix C compiler apparently can't handle the Pn macros
in std.h.  If you get strange compilation errors on SCO Unix, see if
you can get a compiler fix from SCO.  Meanwhile, to use gcc with SCO
ODT, see gcc-head.mak for the appropriate switch settings.  See also
under "386 Unix" above.
	gcc 2.3.3 produces code that causes a core dump on machines
that don't have hardware floating point, because of a bug in SCO's
floating point emulator.  Use a different compiler on these machines.
	If you aren't using the X11 driver, you need to add -lsocket
to the linker command (near the end of the unix-*.mak file) in order
to get the date/time functions linked in.
	If you want to use direct frame buffer addressing instead of X
Windows, include the relevant frame buffer device(s) (ega.dev, vga.dev,
etc.) and change gdevevga.c to gdevsco.c as indicated in devs.mak.  Note:
this does not work with SuperVGA displays, except for 800x600x16 mode.
Note also: If the display looks "smeared", try recompiling gdevpcfb.c with
-O0.  Note also: if Ghostscript crashes, use the -q switch and/or redirect
console output to a file.
	If your compiler accepts the -Xt and -Xa switches, use -Xt.
Even though this causes the compiler to use incorrect rules for
computing the result types of << and >>, -Xa enables "optimizations"
that produce incorrect code.
	For SCO ODT 2.0, in addition to -D__SVR3 and -DSYSV, you need to
specify -Dsco, -DUSG, and -DMALLOC_0_RETURNS_NULL.  For SCO ODT, you need
EXTRALIBS=-lX11 -lsocket -lmalloc, or maybe only -lsocket (depending on
the version), and for SCO ODT 2.0, you also need to specify -lc_s.  For
SCO Xenix, you need EXTRALIBS=-lmalloc.
	For all SCO systems, set XINCLUDE= and XLIBDIRS=.
	Please also read the section on "System V Unix platforms" below.

Silicon Graphics
----------------
	Compiler option -Olimit 2500 is required to be able to compile all
the code with optimization.
	Use compiler option -ansi with the SGI C compiler shipped with Irix
5.2.
	The SGI C compiler may produce warnings about "Undefined the ANSI
standard library defined macro stdin/stdout/stderr".  To suppress these
warnings, add
	-woff 608
to the definition of CFLAGS.
	The SGI C compiler shipped with Irix 6.1 and 6.2 will not compile
deflate.c (part of zlib) properly with optimization.  If you want to use the
zlib decompression filter (which is required for interpreting PDF 1.2
files), compile this file separately without -O.
	The MIPSpro 7.1 compiler produces incorrect output if you use -O3 or
-Ofast=ip32 -show.  Use only -O2.
	To install gcc 2.7.x on IRIX 6.x, please consult the Web page at
http://reality.sgi.com/knobi/gcc-2.7.2.x-on-irix-6.2-6.3.

Sun
---
	The Sun unbundled C compiler (SC1.0) doesn't compile Ghostscript
properly if the -fast option is selected: Ghostscript core-dumps in
build_gs_font.  Use -g, or use gcc.
	The Sun version of dbx often gives up with an error message when
trying to load Ghostscript.  If this happens, use gdb instead.  (gdb is
more reliable than dbx in other ways as well.)
	There is a bug in some versions of zlib that results in an undefined
symbol zmemcmp when compiling with Sun cc.  Use gcc instead.

    SunOS
    -----
        In SunOS 4.1.[23], you may get these undefined symbols when linking:
                _get_wmShellWidgetClass
                _get_applicationShellWidgetClass
Compiling "-Bstatic -lXmu -Bdynamic" appears to work for SC1.0.  For gcc,
try adding "-static" to CFLAGS.  To solve the problem if you are using
OpenWindows 3.0 (X11R4-based Xt), please contact your local Sun office and
request the following patches:
	Patch i.d.      Description
	100512-02       4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 libXt Jumbo patch
	100573-03       4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 undefined symbols when using
				shared libXmu
    Solaris
    -------
	Solaris 2.2 may require setting EXTRALIBS=-lsocket.
	Solaris 2.3 and 2.4 seem to require EXTRALIBS=-lnsl -lsocket.
	Solaris 2.n uses /usr/openwin/share/include for the X11 libraries
rather than /usr/local/X/include.
	Solaris 2.n typically makes Type 1 fonts available in
/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline.
	For Solaris 2.n, you will need to change the definition of INSTALL
in the makefile from install -c to /usr/ucb/install -c, since the Solaris
version of 'install' requires
		install -c <directory> [-m <mode>] <file>
rather than
		install [-c] [-m <mode>] <file> <directory>
	You may need to set XLIBDIR to the directory that holds the X11
libraries, as for other SVR4 systems.  You should also set -DSVR4 in CFLAGS.
	If you are using the SunPRO C compiler, do not use optimization
level -xO3.  On SPARC platforms, the compiler hangs; on Intel platforms, the
generated code is incorrect.  Also, do not use the -native flag on Intel
platforms: this makes floating point computations unacceptably inaccurate.
You may use -xcg92 (SPARC V8) and/or -dalign to get better performance.

SVR4 Unix platforms
-------------------
	You may need to set EXTRALIBS=-lnsl.
	Do *not* change PLATFORM=unix_ to PLATFORM=sysv_.
	On SVR4 Unix platforms that use dynamic linking, you may need to
define XLIBDIR as the name of the directory that holds the X Windows
libraries.  Do *not* prefix this with -L.
	For SVR4.0 systems, set -DSVR4 -DSVR4_0 in the makefile; do *not*
set -DSYSV.  For SVR4.2 (or later) and Solaris 2.x systems, set -DSVR4 only
(not -DSVR4_0 and not -DSYSV).

System V Unix platforms
-----------------------
	If you are using a stock System V platform that lacks rename
and gettimeofday, change PLATFORM=unix_ in the makefile to
PLATFORM=sysv_.
	You will probably need to change the definition of INSTALL (near
the beginning of the makefile) from install to /usr/ucb/install.

VAX with Ultrix
---------------
	The above information about DECStations with Ultrix may be
applicable.

********
******** How to build Ghostscript from source (OS/2 version) ********
********

The relevant makefile is:
	os2.mak
The gcc/emx 0.9b (or later) compiler and the IBM NMAKE.EXE are required.

For gcc/emx versions 0.9c and later, the LINK386 command must include
$(COMPBASE)\lib\end.lib; version 0.9b requires omitting this.  The current
os2.mak file does include this file in the LINK386 command, so if you are
using 0.9b, delete this file reference before building.

Be sure you are using the standard OS/2 shell, CMD.EXE.  Some other shells
have bugs or differences that cause the makefile not to work.

Before compiling or linking, you should execute
	copy os2.mak makefile
Then to start the make process type
	nmake
One DLL and two EXE's will be produced: gsdll2.dll (Ghostscript DLL),
gsos2.exe (Ghostscript) and gspmdrv.exe (the Presentation Manager 
display driver).

********
******** How to build Ghostscript from source (VMS aka OpenVMS version) ****
********

Many versions of DEC's X server have bugs that produce broad bands of color
where dither patterns should appear, or characters displayed white on top
of black rectangles or not displayed at all.  If this happens, please
consult the X Windows section of the use.txt file to find out how to work
around these bugs using X resources; also report the problem to DEC, or
whoever supplied your X server.

You may also wish to turn off the use of a backing pixmap with Ghostscript,
either to work around X server memory limitations or bugs, or to obtain
faster displaying at the expense of no redrawing when a Ghostscript window
is restored from an icon or exposed after being occluded by another window.
Again, use.txt contains information on how to do this.

If you add compiled fonts to your system as described in the fonts.txt file,
then add "ccfonts.dev" to the FEATURE_DEVS symbol in VMS-CC.MAK,
VMS-GCC.MAK, VMS-DECC.MAK, or OPENVMS.MAK,
	$ FEATURE_DEVS = "level2.dev ccfonts.dev"
and then specify the font names with the ccfonts1 symbol
	$ ccfonts1 = "Courier Courier_Oblique Courier_Bold Courier_BoldOblique"
If the line gets too long, add another line of the same form, e.g.,
	$ ccfonts1 = "Courier Courier_Oblique Courier_Bold Courier_BoldOblique"
	$ ccfonts2 = "Times_Roman Times_Italic Times_Bold Times_BoldItalic"

Using DCL command files
-----------------------

Up through Ghostscript version 5.0x, we have provided DCL command files for
building Ghostscript.  We will no longer support this method in future
versions, since we have found it almost impossible to keep the DCL scripts
consistent with the makefiles that are used on all other platforms, and
since using a 'make' program has other benefits such as recompiling only
files that have changed.

The files VMS-CC.MAK, VMS-GCC.MAK, and VMS-DECC.MAK are OpenVMS DCL command
files which build Ghostscript from scratch using, respectively, the VAX C
compiler, CC, the Free Software Foundation's GNU C compiler, GCC, or the DEC
C compiler, CC.  Accordingly, you must have one of these compilers installed
in order to build Ghostscript.  (Other C compilers may work: CC and GCC are
the only two compilers tested to date.  DEC C V4.0 or later is required: the
DEC C V1.3 run-time library has bugs that prevent Ghostscript from working.)
These command files build and store the Ghostscript library in the object
library GS.OLB.  If you have DECwindows (X11) installed on your system, the
executable image GS.EXE will also be built.

Some environments use the DWTLIBSHR library for providing the X Windows
intrinsics, and some use the XTSHR library.  XTSHR is newer, and is part of
the DECwindows/Motif product.  However, DEC is still distributing versions
of VMS with DWTLIBSHR.  If your environment uses XTSHR, replace DWTLIBSHR in
the list of link libraries with XTSHR.

For OpenVMS VAX platforms with VAX C, issue the DCL command
	$ @VMS-CC.MAK
to build Ghostscript.  For OpenVMS platforms with GNU C (either AXP or
VAX), issue the DCL command
	$ @VMS-GCC.MAK
to build Ghostscript.  For OpenVMS platforms with DEC C (either AXP or
VAX), issue the DCL command
	$ @VMS-DECC.MAK
to build Ghostscript.

The option "DEBUG" may be specified with either command file in order to
build a debuggable Ghostscript configuration; e.g.,
	$ @VMS-CC.MAK DEBUG

Using GNU make
--------------

As of Ghostscript version 5.0, the file OPENVMS.MAK, together with some
auxiliary .COM files, allows using GNU make for building Ghostscript on
OpenVMS.  To do this, use the command:

	make -fopenvms.mak "OPENVMS={VAX,ALPHA}" "DECWINDOWS={1.2,<blank>}"

i.e. specify either VAX or ALPHA as the value of the OPENVMS parameter, and
either 1.2 or nothing (blank) as the value of DECWINDOWS.  (Note that here
the value VAX just means that you want to use the VAX C compiler: it doesn't
imply that you are running on VAX hardware.)  In Europe and other parts of
the world where A4 paper size is used, you should also append "A4_PAPER=1"
to the make line, to make A4 paper the default.

Unfortunately, because of bugs in the DEC C compilers, GNU make doesn't
compile properly on all versions of VMS.  GNU make requires:
	- On VAXen, VMS 7.1 or later (VMS 7.0 may work).
	- On Alphas, VMS 6.2 or later.

Also, GNU make, at least through version 3.75, requires some patches to run
properly on VMS at all.  We hope to be able to make available a precompiled
executable with the patches in the near future.  Meanwhile, however, here is
a description of the necessary changes.

The VAX and ALPHA edits have basically the same changes; the VAX C version
has two edits in the [.GLOB] directory, to address a 'C' preprocessor
limitation with VAX C.  The remaining changes attempt to address the lack of
consistency with "C" compilers and POSIX functionality, or the lack of it.

Of course depending on what version of OpenVMS you have, and what versions
of compilers (VAX C, DEC C on VAX or DEC on Alpha), these changes may be
slightly different.

=========================================================

Steps to do GNU MAKE edits for VAX C version:

1). Unpack the GNU make sources, version 3.75, from your favorite FTP
site.
2). Create an OpenVMS DCL command procedure containing the following
lines
     between the two markers "==========================" below.
3). If you've never used EDIT/SUM before, you may want to read the
following:
	$ HELP DIFFERENCES / SLP, and
	$ HELP EDIT / SUM
4). Edits are done. Invoke the GNU make supplied command file
MAKEFILE.COM,
or if your have a prior version of GNU make, there is a makefile
included with make.

============================
$ SUMSLP="EDIT/SUM"
$ SUMSLP [.GLOB]FNMATCH.H/OUTPUT=[.GLOB]FNMATCH.H/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-   26,   27
#if (defined (__cplusplus) || (defined (__STDC__) && __STDC__) || defined (WIN32))
/
$ SUMSLP [.GLOB]GLOB.H/OUTPUT=[.GLOB]GLOB.H/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-   28,   29
#if (defined (__cplusplus) || (defined (__STDC__) && __STDC__) || defined (WIN32))
/
$ SUMSLP JOB.C/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-  641,  641
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
-  648,  648
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
-  657,  657
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
- 1316, 1316
#ifdef  HAVE_SIGSETMASK
    (void) sigblock (fatal_signal_mask);
#endif
- 1392, 1392
#ifdef  HAVE_SIGSETMASK
    (void) sigsetmask (sigblock (0) & ~(fatal_signal_mask));
#endif
/
$ SUMSLP JOB.H/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-   70,   70
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
/
$ SUMSLP MAIN.C/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-  398,  398
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
-  482,  482
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
/
$ SUMSLP VMSDIR.H/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-    7,    8
#ifndef __SOCKET_TYPEDEFS
        typedef unsigned long u_long;
        typedef unsigned short u_short;
#endif
/
============================

Steps to do GNU MAKE edits for DEC C version:

1). Unpack the GNU make sources, version 3.75. (in an empty directory)
2). Create an OpenVMS DCL command procedure containing the following
lines
     between the two markers "==========================".
3). If you've never used EDIT/SUM before, you may want to read the
following:
	$ HELP DIFFERENCES / SLP, and
	$ HELP EDIT / SUM
4). Edits are done. Invoke the GNU make supplied command file
MAKEFILE.COM,
or if your have a prior version of GNU make, there is a makefile
included with make.

============================
$ SUMSLP="EDIT/SUM"
$ SUMSLP CONFIG.H-VMS/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-  114,  114
</* #define pid_t int */
-  153,  153
</* #define uid_t int */
-  217,  217
</* #define HAVE_SIGSETMASK 1 */
/
$ SUMSLP JOB.C/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-  641,  641
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
-  648,  648
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
-  657,  657
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
- 1316, 1316
#ifdef  HAVE_SIGSETMASK
    (void) sigblock (fatal_signal_mask);
#endif
- 1392, 1392
#ifdef  HAVE_SIGSETMASK
    (void) sigsetmask (sigblock (0) & ~(fatal_signal_mask));
#endif
/
$ SUMSLP JOB.H/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-   70,   70
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
/
$ SUMSLP MAIN.C/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-  398,  398
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
-  482,  482
#if (__VMS_VER >= 70000000) && defined POSIX
/
$ SUMSLP VMSDIR.H/UPDATE=SYS$INPUT:
-    7,    8
#ifndef __SOCKET_TYPEDEFS
        typedef unsigned long u_long;
        typedef unsigned short u_short;
#endif
============================

********
******** Other environments ********
********

QNX
---

The following notes are from John "Stosh" Muczynski, <STOSH@bauer.usa.com>.
He is willing to answer questions as his time permits.  He used the Watcom
C16 compiler, version 9.5, with QNX version 4.20B.  He had to modify the
following files:

SYS/PARAM.H
Watcom doesn't supply a sys/param.h file.  I defined it as
--------------------------------clip here 
------------------------------
/* CLK_TCK is used with the times() function and is defined in times.h 
*/
#define HZ (CLK_TCK)
--------------------------------clip here 
------------------------------
It seems that HZ should be 1000 for QNX and not 100.  The times() 
function appears to be POSIX 1003.1



UNIXHEAD.MAK
I modified unixhead.mak to support a qnx_ platform.
--------------------------------clip here 
------------------------------
PLATFORM=qnx_
--------------------------------clip here 
------------------------------


UNIXTAIL.MAK
I modified unixtail.mak to support a qnx_ platform.
--------------------------------clip here 
------------------------------
# QNX 4.X
qnx__=gp_nofb.$(OBJ) gp_unix.$(OBJ) gp_qnx.$(OBJ) gp_qnxfs.$(OBJ) 
gp_unifn.$(OBJ)
qnx_.dev: $(qnx__)
	$(SETMOD) qnx_ $(qnx__)

gp_qnx.$(OBJ): gp_qnx.c $(time__h) $(AK)

gp_qnxfs.$(OBJ): gp_qnxfs.c $(AK) $(memory__h) $(string__h) $(gx_h) 
$(gp_h) \
  $(gsstruct_h) $(gsutil_h) $(stat__h) $(dirent__h)
--------------------------------clip here 
------------------------------
The change here is to copy the "sysv_" make lines into "qnx_" 
make lines and change (1) gp_sysv.* to gp_qnx.* and (2) gp_unifs.* 
to gpqnxfs.*

I copied the gp_sysv.c source to gp_qnx.c and (a) deleted rename() 
because it is supported by the watcom compiler, (b) kept 
gettimeofday(), (c) added the gp_open_scratch_file() which doesn't 
use mktemp().

I copied gp_unifs.c to gp_qnxfs.c and deleted the 
gp_open_scratch_file() because it uses mktemp() which watcom 
does not provide.  Watcom does provide a tmpnam(char *buffer) 
function and more interestingly a FILE *tmpfile(void) function.  
If you ask I can fax you the manual pages.


ANSIHEAD.MAK

Compiler options:
-----------------
I used the Bauer "standard" options for compiling and linking under 
QNX:
--------------------------------clip here 
------------------------------
CFLAGS=-O -w4 -3 -mf $(XCFLAGS)
LDFLAGS=-3 -N 64k -O -g -w3 -mf -fF $(XLDFLAGS)
--------------------------------clip here 
------------------------------
-N 64k gives a big stack size; I don't know if its necessary.
The -mf on CFLAGS and LDFLAGS is very necessary (32-bit flat memory 
model).
The -3 and -O and -g and -w3 and -w4 are just fluff.
The -fF option doesn't make sense to me.

********
******** A guide to the source code ********
********

General
-------

There are very few machine dependencies in Ghostscript.  A few of the .c
files are machine-specific.  These have names of the form
	gp_<platform>.c
specifically
	gp_dosfb.c (MS-DOS)
	gp_dosfs.c (MS-DOS and MS Windows)
	gp_itbc.c (MS-DOS, Borland compilers)
	gp_iwatc.c (MS-DOS, Watcom or Microsoft compiler)
	gp_msdos.c (MS-DOS and MS Windows)
	gp_ntfs.c (MS-Windows Win32s and Windows NT)
	gp_os2.c (OS/2)
	gp_os9.c (OS-9)
	gp_unifs.c (Unix or OS-9)
	gp_unix.c (Unix)
	gp_sysv.c (System V Unix)
	gp_vms.c (VMS)
	gp_win32.c (MS-Windows Win32s and Windows NT)
There are also some machine-specific conditionals in files with names
<something>_.h.  If you are going to extend Ghostscript to new
machines or operating systems, you should check the *_.h files for
ifdef's on things other than DEBUG, and you should probably count on
making a new makefile and a new gp_ file.

Library
-------

Files beginning with gs, gx, or gz (both .c and .h), other than gs.c and
gserver.c, are the Ghostscript library.  Files beginning with gdev are
device drivers or related code, also part of the library.  Other files
beginning with g are library files that don't fall neatly into either the
kernel or the driver category.

Interpreter
-----------

gs.c is the main program for the interactive language interpreter; gserver.c
is an alternative main program that is a rudimentary server.  If you
configure Ghostscript as a server rather than an interactive program, you
will use gserver.c instead of gs.c.

Files named z*.c are Ghostscript operator files.  The names of the files
generally follow the section headings of the operator summary in section
6.2 of the PostScript manual.

Files named i*.c, and *.h other than g*.h, are the rest of the
interpreter.  See the makefile for a little more information on how the
files are divided functionally.

Files named s*.c are a flexible stream package, including the Level 2
PostScript 'filters' supported by Ghostscript.
