Writes a specified number of bytes from a buffer to a file.

Format

#include <unistd.h>

ssize_t write (int file_desc, void *buffer, size_t nbytes); (ISO POSIX-1)

int write (int file_desc, void *buffer, int nbytes); (COMPATABILITY)

Arguments

file_desc

A file descriptor that refers to a file currently opened for writing or updating.

buffer

The address of contiguous storage from which the output data is taken.

nbytes

The maximum number of bytes involved in the write operation.

Description

If the write is to an RMS record file and the buffer contains embedded new-line characters, more than one record may be written to the file. Even if there are no embedded new-line characters, if nbytes is greater than the maximum record size for the file, more than one record will be written to the file. The write function always generates at least one record.

If the write is to a mailbox and the third argument, nbytes, specifies a length of 0, an end-of-file message is written to the mailbox. This occurs for mailboxes created by the application using SYS$CREMBX, but not for mailboxes created to implement POSIX pipes. For more information, see Chapter 5.

Return Values

x	The number of bytes written.
- 1	Indicates errors, including undefined file descriptors, illegal buffer addresses, and physical I/O errors.

Writes to a file.

Format

#include <uio.h>

ssize_t writev (int file_desc, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);

ssize_t __writev64 (int file_desc, const struct __iovec64 *iov, int iovcnt); (ALPHA, I64)

Arguments

file_desc

A file descriptor that refers to a file currently opened for writing or updating.

iov

Array of iovec structures from which the output data is gathered.

iovcnt

The number of buffers specified by the members of the iov array.

Description

The writev function is equivalent to write but gathers the output data from the iovcnt buffers specified by the members of the iov array: iov[0], iov[1], ..., iov[iovcnt - 1]. The iovcnt argument is valid if greater than 0 and less than or equal to {IOV_MAX}, defined in <limits.h> .

Each iovec entry specifies the base address and length of an area in memory from which data should be written. The writev function writes a complete area before proceeding to the next.

If filedes refers to a regular file and all of the iov_len members in the array pointed to by iov are 0, writev returns 0 and has no other effect.

For other file types, the behavior is unspecified.

If the sum of the iov_len values is greater than SSIZE_MAX, the operation fails and no data is transferred.

Upon successful completion, writev returns the number of bytes actually written. Otherwise, it returns a value of - 1, the file pointer remains unchanged, and errno is set to indicate an error.

Return Values

x

The number of bytes written.

- 1

Indicates an error. The file times do not change, and the function sets errno to one of the following values: EBADF -- The file_desc argument is not a valid file descriptor open for writing. EINTR -- The write operation was terminated due to the receipt of a signal, and no data was transferred. EINVAL -- The sum of the iov_len values in the iov array would overflow an ssize_t , or the iovcnt argument was less than or equal to 0, or greater than {IOV_MAX}. EIO -- A physical I/O error has occurred. ENOSPC -- There was no free space remaining on the device containing the file. EPIPE -- An attempt is made to write to a pipe or FIFO that is not open for reading by any process, or that only has one end open. A SIGPIPE signal will also be sent to the thread.

Reads input from the standard input ( stdin ) under control of the wide-character format string.

Format

#include <wchar.h>

int wscanf (const wchar_t *format, ...);

Arguments

format

A pointer to a wide-character string containing the format specifications. For more information about format and conversion specifications and their corresponding arguments, see Chapter 2.

...

Optional expressions whose results correspond to conversion specifications given in the format specification.

If no conversion specifications are given, you can omit the input pointers. Otherwise, the function calls must have exactly as many input pointers as there are conversion specifications, and the conversion specifications must match the types of the input pointers.

Conversion specifications are matched to input sources in left-to-right order. Excess input pointers, if any, are ignored.

Description

The wscanf function is equivalent to the fwscanf function with the stdin arguments interposed before the wscanf arguments.

Return Values

n	The number of input items assigned. The number can be less than provided for, even zero, in the event of an early matching failure.
EOF	Indicates an error. An input failure occurred before any conversion.

Compute Bessel functions of the second kind.

Format

#include <math.h>

double y0 (double x);

float y0f (float x);

long double y0l (long double x);

double y1 (double x);

float y1f (float x);

long double y1l (long double x);

double yn (int n, double x);

float ynf (int n, float x);

long double ynl (int n, long double x);

Arguments

x

A positive, real value.

n

An integer.

Description

The y0 functions return the value of the Bessel function of the second kind of order 0.

The y1 functions return the value of the Bessel function of the second kind of order 1.

The yn functions return the value of the Bessel function of the second kind of order n.

Return Values

x	The relevant Bessel value of x of the second kind.
- HUGE_VAL	The x argument is 0.0; errno is set to ERANGE.
NaN	The x argument is negative or NaN; errno is set to EDOM.
0	Underflow occurred; errno is set to ERANGE.
HUGE_VAL	Overflow occurred; errno is set to ERANGE.

New functions are added to the HP C Run-Time Library with each version of HP C. These functions are implemented and shipped with the OpenVMS operating system, while the documentation and header files containing their prototypes are shipped with versions of the HP C compiler.

You might have a newer version of HP C that has header files and documentation for functions that are not supported on your older OpenVMS system. For example, if your target operating system platform is OpenVMS Version 7.2, you cannot use HP C RTL functions introduced on OpenVMS Version 7.3, even though they are documented in this manual.

This appendix contains several tables that list what HP C RTL functions are supported on recent OpenVMS versions. This is helpful for determining the functions to avoid using on your target OpenVMS platforms.

A.1 Functions Available on all OpenVMS VAX, Alpha, and I64 Versions

Table A-1 lists functions available on all OpenVMS VAX and OpenVMS Alpha versions.

Table A-1 Functions Available on All OpenVMS Systems

abort	abs	access	acos
alarm	asctime	asin	assert
atan2	atan	atexit	atof
atoi	atoll (Alpha)	atol	atoq (Alpha)
box	brk	bsearch	cabs
calloc	ceil	cfree	chdir
chmod	chown	clearerr	clock
close	cosh	cos	creat
ctermid	ctime	cuserid	decc$crtl_init
decc$fix_time	decc$from_vms	decc$match_wild	decc$record_read
decc$record_write	decc$set_reentrancy	decc$to_vms	decc$translate_vms
delete	delwin	difftime	div
dup2	dup	ecvt	endwin
execle	execlp	execl	execve
execvp	execv	exit	_exit
exp	fabs	fclose	fcvt
fdopen	feof	ferror	fflush
fgetc	fgetname	fgetpos	fgets
fileno	floor	fmod	fopen
fprintf	fputc	fputs	fread
free	freopen	frexp	fscanf
fseek	fsetpos	fstat	fsync
ftell	ftime	fwait	fwrite
gcvt	getchar	getcwd	getc
getegid	getenv	geteuid	getgid
getname	getpid	getppid	gets
getuid	getw	gmtime	gsignal
hypot	initscr	isalnum	isalpha
isapipe	isascii	isatty	iscntrl
isdigit	isgraph	islower	isprint
ispunct	isspace	isupper	isxdigit
kill	labs	ldexp	ldiv
llabs (Alpha)	lldiv (Alpha)	localeconv	localtime
log10	log	longjmp	longname
lseek	lwait	malloc	mblen
mbstowcs	mbtowc	memchr	memcmp
memcpy	memmove	memset	mkdir
mktemp	mktime	modf	mvwin
mv[w]addstr	newwin	nice	open
overlay	overwrite	pause	perror
pipe	pow	printf	putchar
putc	puts	putw	qabs (Alpha)
qdiv (Alpha)	qsort	raise	rand
read	realloc	remove	rename
rewind	sbrk	scanf	scroll
setbuf	setgid	setjmp	setlocale
setuid	setvbuf	sigblock	signal
sigpause	sigstack (VAX)	sigvec	sinh
sin	sleep	sprintf	sqrt
srand	sscanf	ssignal	stat
strcat	strchr	strcmp	strcoll
strcpy	strcspn	strerror	strftime
strlen	strncat	strncmp	strncpy
strpbrk	strrchr	strspn	strstr
strtod	strtok	strtoll (Alpha)	strtol
strtoq (Alpha)	strtoull (Alpha)	strtoul	strtouq (Alpha)
strxfrm	subwin	system	tanh
tan	times	time	tmpfile
tmpnam	toascii	tolower	_tolower
touchwin	toupper	_toupper	ttyname
umask	ungetc	vaxc$calloc_opt	vaxc$cfree_opt
vaxc$crtl_init	vaxc$establish	vaxc$free_opt	vaxc$malloc_opt
vaxc$realloc_opt	va_arg	va_count	va_end
va_start	va_start_1	vfork	vfprintf
vprintf	vsprintf	wait	wcstombs
wctomb	write	[w]addch	[w]addstr
[w]clear	[w]clrattr	[w]clrtobot	[w]clrtoeol
[w]delch	[w]deleteln	[w]erase	[w]getch
[w]getstr	[w]inch	[w]insch	[w]insertln
[w]insstr	[w]move	[w]printw	[w]refresh
[w]scanw	[w]setattr	[w]standend	[w]standout

A.2 Functions Available on OpenVMS Version 6.2 and Higher

Table A-2 lists functions available on OpenVMS VAX and OpenVMS Alpha Version 6.2 and higher.

Table A-2 Functions Added in OpenVMS Version 6.2

catclose	catgets	catopen	fgetwc
fgetws	fputwc	fputws	getopt
getwc	getwchar	iconv	iconv_close
iconv_open	iswalnum	iswalpha	iswcntrl
iswctype	iswdigit	iswgraph	iswlower
iswprint	iswpunct	iswspace	iswupper
iswxdigit	nl_langinfo	putwc	putwchar
strnlen	strptime	towlower	towupper
ungetwc	wcscat	wcschr	wcscmp
wcscoll	wcscpy	wcscspn	wcsftime
wcslen	wcsncat	wcsncmp	wcsncpy
wcspbrk	wcsrchr	wcsspn	wcstol
wcstoul	wcswcs	wcswidth	wcsxfrm
wcstod	wctype	wcwidth	wcstok